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Akhuemokhan P, Green NA, Haddrell A, Lewis D, Reid JP, Forbes B. How to engineer aerosol particle properties and biopharmaceutical performance of propellant inhalers. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122676. [PMID: 36738807 PMCID: PMC10685293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Given the environmental compulsion to reformulate pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDI) using new propellants with lower global warming potential, this study investigated how non-volatile excipients can be used to engineer aerosol particle microphysics and drug release. The dynamics of change in particle size, wetting and physical state were measured for single particles (glycerol/ethanol/beclomethasone dipropionate; BDP) in the aerosol phase at different relative humidity (RH) using an electrodynamic balance. BDP dissolution rates were compared for aerosols from pMDI containing different ratios of BDP:glycerol or BDP:isopropyl myristate (IPM). In 45 % RH, ethanol loss was followed by evaporation of condensed water to generate spherical particles with solid inclusions or compact irregular-shaped solid particles, according to the presence or absence of glycerol. In RH > 95 %, condensed water did not evaporate and BDP formed solid inclusions in water/glycerol or water droplets. Varying the non-volatile component, 0-50 % w/w, in pMDI resulted in a concentration-dependent 4-8-fold reduction in BDP dissolution rate. These findings demonstrate that non-volatile excipients provide a means of engineering aerosol properties and, modifying the rate of drug release from aerosol medicines. We also demonstrated differences between particles formed in vitro in ambient humidity versus higher humidity, more like that encountered during oral inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allen Haddrell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - David Lewis
- Oz-UK Limited, Corsham, Wiltshire SN13 9BY, UK
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Bachhav SS, Sheth P, Sandell D, Svensson M, Bhagwat S, Conti DS, Oguntimein O, Dhapare S, Saluja B, Winner L, Bulitta JB, Hochhaus G. Systematic Evaluation of the Effect of Formulation Variables on In Vitro Performance of Mometasone Furoate Suspension-Metered Dose Inhalers. AAPS J 2021; 24:9. [PMID: 34874508 PMCID: PMC10662261 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of metered dose inhalers (MDIs) in pulmonary disorders are mainly driven by aerosol performance, which depends on formulation variables (drug and excipients), device design, and patient interactions. The present study provides a comprehensive investigation to better understand the effect of formulation variables on mometasone furoate (MF) suspension-based MDI product performance. The effects of MF particle size (volume median diameter; X50) and excipient concentration (ethanol and oleic acid, cosolvent, and surfactant, respectively) on selected critical quality attributes (delivered dose (DD), fine particle dose of particles lesser than 5 µm (FPD < 5), ex-throat dose and median dissolution time (MDT)) were studied. Eight MF-MDI formulations (one per batch) were manufactured based on a reduced factorial design of experiment (DOE) approach, which included relevant formulation levels with varying X50 (1.1 and 2 μm), concentration of ethanol (0.45, 0.9, 1.8, and 3.6%w/w), and oleic acid (0.001 and 0.025%w/w). The in vitro evaluation of these MF-MDI formulations indicated the importance of drug particle's X50, oleic acid, and ethanol canister concentration as critical formulation variables governing the performance of MF suspension-based MDI products. The effect of these formulation variables on DD, FPD < 5, ex-throat dose, and MDT was subsequently utilized to develop empirical relationships linking formulation factors with effects on in vitro performance measures. The developed strategy could be useful for predicting MF-MDI product performance during MDI product development and manufacturing. The systematic DOE approach utilized in this study may provide insights into the understanding of the formulation variables governing the MF-MDI product performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Bachhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Poonam Sheth
- Recipharm, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
- AstraZeneca, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Sharvari Bhagwat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Denise S Conti
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwamurewa Oguntimein
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bhawana Saluja
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence Winner
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jürgen B Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Guenther Hochhaus
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
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Addressing the Regulatory and Scientific Challenges with Generic Orally Inhaled Drug Products. Pharmaceut Med 2021; 34:93-102. [PMID: 32112304 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-020-00327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Generic products offer a considerable cost savings for American consumers and the US healthcare industry. While generics for many products have become available, the approval and adoption of generics for orally inhaled drug products (OIDPs) has lagged behind, owing to the difficulties in bringing these complex generic products to the market. As a complex product, OIDP performance is impacted by numerous factors derived from the product's formulation, delivery to a local site of action within the lung, the performance of the device, and the patient population that uses the medication. Therefore, determining equivalence between generic and brand-name OIDPs requires an approach that considers each of these aspects in order to ensure bioequivalence. FDA's recommended aggregate weight-of-evidence approach for generic OIDPs provides a paradigm where studies and conditions, when taken together, establish equivalence in device performance, systemic exposure, and local drug delivery. This review article covers the various aspects of OIDP complexity, the challenges each presents to equivalence, and FDA's efforts to address these challenges and complex drug development as a whole under the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments (GDUFA). The aggregate weight-of-evidence approach, its rationale, and scientific support is also described.
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Design and pharmaceutical applications of a low-flow-rate single-nozzle impactor. Int J Pharm 2017; 533:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sheth P, Sandell D, Conti DS, Holt JT, Hickey AJ, Saluja B. Influence of Formulation Factors on the Aerosol Performance of Suspension and Solution Metered Dose Inhalers: A Systematic Approach. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1396-1410. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ivey JW, Bhambri P, Church TK, Lewis DA, McDermott MT, Elbayomy S, Finlay WH, Vehring R. Humidity affects the morphology of particles emitted from beclomethasone dipropionate pressurized metered dose inhalers. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:207-215. [PMID: 28167262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of propellant type, cosolvent content, and air humidity on the morphology and solid phase of the particles produced from solution pressurized metered dose inhalers containing the corticosteroid beclomethasone dipropionate were investigated. The active ingredient was dissolved in the HFA propellants 134a and 227ea with varying levels of the cosolvent ethanol and filled into pressurized metered dose inhalers. Inhalers were actuated into an evaporation chamber under controlled temperature and humidity conditions and sampled using a single nozzle, single stage inertial impactor. Particle morphology was assessed qualitatively using field emission scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam-helium ion microscopy. Drug solid phase was assessed using Raman microscopy. The relative humidity of the air during inhaler actuation was found to have a strong effect on the particle morphology, with solid spheroidal particles produced in dry air and highly porous particles produced at higher humidity levels. Air humidification was found to have no effect on the solid phase of the drug particles, which was predominantly amorphous for all tested formulations. A critical level of air relative humidity was required to generate porous particles for each tested formulation. This critical relative humidity was found to depend on the amount of ethanol used in the inhaler, but not on the type of propellant utilized. The results indicate that under the right circumstances water vapor saturation followed by nucleated water condensation or ice deposition occurs during particle formation from evaporating propellant-cosolvent-BDP droplets. This finding reveals the importance of condensed water or ice as a templating agent for porosity when particle formation occurs at saturated conditions, with possible implications on the pharmacokinetics of solution pMDIs and potential applications in particle engineering for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Ivey
- University of Alberta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pallavi Bhambri
- University of Alberta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - David A Lewis
- Chiesi Limited, Chippenham, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T McDermott
- University of Alberta, Department of Chemistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shereen Elbayomy
- University of Alberta, Department of Chemistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Warren H Finlay
- University of Alberta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- University of Alberta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Zhu B, Haghi M, Goud M, Young PM, Traini D. The formulation of a pressurized metered dose inhaler containing theophylline for inhalation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 76:68-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhu B, Young PM, Ong HX, Crapper J, Flodin C, Qiao EL, Phillips G, Traini D. Tuning Aerosol Performance Using the Multibreath Orbital® Dry Powder Inhaler Device: Controlling Delivery Parameters and Aerosol Performance via Modification of Puck Orifice Geometry. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2169-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gonçalves V, Rodríguez-Rojo S, Matias A, Nunes A, Nogueira I, Nunes D, Fortunato E, de Matos A, Cocero M, Duarte C. Development of multicore hybrid particles for drug delivery through the precipitation of CO2 saturated emulsions. Int J Pharm 2015; 478:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Haghi M, Saadat A, Zhu B, Colombo G, King G, Young PM, Traini D. Immunomodulatory Effects of a Low-Dose Clarithromycin-Based Macrolide Solution Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler. Pharm Res 2014; 32:2144-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ivey JW, Vehring R, Finlay WH. Understanding pressurized metered dose inhaler performance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:901-16. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.984683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Zhu B, Traini D, Young P. Aerosol particle generation from solution-based pressurized metered dose inhalers: a technical overview of parameters that influence respiratory deposition. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:897-910. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.959176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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