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de Santis A, Scoppola E, Ottaviani MF, Koutsioubas A, Barnsley LC, Paduano L, D’Errico G, Russo Krauss I. Order vs. Disorder: Cholesterol and Omega-3 Phospholipids Determine Biomembrane Organization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105322. [PMID: 35628128 PMCID: PMC9140907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid structural diversity strongly affects biomembrane chemico-physical and structural properties in addition to membrane-associated events. At high concentrations, cholesterol increases membrane order and rigidity, while polyunsaturated lipids are reported to increase disorder and flexibility. How these different tendencies balance in composite bilayers is still controversial. In this study, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, small angle neutron scattering, and neutron reflectivity were used to investigate the structural properties of cholesterol-containing lipid bilayers in the fluid state with increasing amounts of polyunsaturated omega-3 lipids. Either the hybrid 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or the symmetric 1,2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine were added to the mixture of the naturally abundant 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and cholesterol. Our results indicate that the hybrid and the symmetric omega-3 phospholipids affect the microscopic organization of lipid bilayers differently. Cholesterol does not segregate from polyunsaturated phospholipids and, through interactions with them, is able to suppress the formation of non-lamellar structures induced by the symmetric polyunsaturated lipid. However, this order/disorder balance leads to a bilayer whose structural organization cannot be ascribed to either a liquid ordered or to a canonical liquid disordered phase, in that it displays a very loose packing of the intermediate segments of lipid chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta de Santis
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (A.d.S.); (L.P.)
- CSGI (Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase), I-50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Ernesto Scoppola
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid und Grenzflächenforschung, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | | | - Alexandros Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), 85748 Garching, Germany; (A.K.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Lester C. Barnsley
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), 85748 Garching, Germany; (A.K.); (L.C.B.)
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (A.d.S.); (L.P.)
- CSGI (Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase), I-50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gerardino D’Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (A.d.S.); (L.P.)
- CSGI (Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase), I-50019 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (I.R.K.)
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (A.d.S.); (L.P.)
- CSGI (Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase), I-50019 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (I.R.K.)
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Exploring the Interactions of Ruthenium (II) Carbosilane Metallodendrimers and Precursors with Model Cell Membranes through a Dual Spin-Label Spin-Probe Technique Using EPR. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100540. [PMID: 31569790 PMCID: PMC6843795 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers exhibit unique interactions with cell membranes, arising from their nanometric size and high surface area. To a great extent, these interactions define their biological activity and can be reported in situ by spin-labelling techniques. Schiff-base carbosilane ruthenium (II) metallodendrimers are promising antitumor agents with a mechanism of action yet to explore. In order to study their in situ interactions with model cell membranes occurring at a molecular level, namely cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles (CTAB) and lecithin liposomes (LEC), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was selected. Both a spin probe, 4-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl)ammonium-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl bromide (CAT12), able to enter the model membranes, and a spin label, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) covalently attached at newly synthesized heterofunctional dendrimers, were used to provide complementary information on the dendrimer-membrane interactions. The computer-aided EPR analysis demonstrated a good agreement between the results obtained for the spin probe and spin label experiments. Both points of view suggested the partial insertion of the dendrimer surface groups into the surfactant aggregates, mainly CTAB micelles, and the occurrence of both polar and hydrophobic interactions, while dendrimer-LEC interactions involved more polar interactions between surface groups. We found out that subtle changes in the dendrimer structure greatly modified their interacting abilities and, subsequently, their anticancer activity.
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Prigat Y, Fattori A, Shames AI, Ottaviani MF, Garti N. Micro-characterization of modified microemulsions loaded with gossypol, pure and extracted from cottonseed. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:487-494. [PMID: 31102853 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsions (MEs) have gained increasing interest as carriers of hydrophobic bioactives in the last decades. However, it is still difficult to control the uptake and the release of bioactives directly extracted from plants. In this study, modified ME nanodroplets (nano-sized self-assembled liquids, NSSLs) were employed as extraction medium of gossypol, a toxic component of cottonseed. Loading was performed using both pure gossypol, and gossypol obtained by extraction from cottonseed. We achieved two goals: i) remove gossypol from cottonseed to obtain cotton-oil free of gossypol; and ii) extract gossypol directly into a nano-delivery vehicle for biomedical purposes. Structural and dynamical information on the unloaded and gossypol-loaded NSSL systems were obtained by self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance, SD-NMR, and spin-probe electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. The results showed that NSSL formed fluid water-in-oil (W/O) nano domains at the lowest water contents; a more viscous bicontinuous structure at comparable oil and water contents, and, finally, oil-in-water (O/W, micellar-like) at the higher concentration of water. These micellar-like structures were more fluid at the external hydrated surface, as demonstrated by SD-NMR, while the lipidic region tested by EPR revealed an increasing packing. In all these structures, gossypol mainly localized in the lipophilic region close to the water interface. Overall, SD-NMR and EPR provided complementary information, helping to clarify the structural properties of NSSLs formed at different water contents and their ability to incorporate gossypol also directly from cottonseed-NSSL mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Prigat
- The Ratner Chair of Chemistry, Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Alberto Fattori
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, Via Ca' le Suore 2/4, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Alexander I Shames
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Maria Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, Via Ca' le Suore 2/4, Urbino 61029, Italy.
| | - Nissim Garti
- The Ratner Chair of Chemistry, Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Abramov E, Ottaviani MF, Shames AI, Fattori A, Garti N. Structural Characterization of Reconstituted Bioactive-Loaded Nanodomains after Embedding in Films Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Self-Diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7879-7886. [PMID: 31120758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical applications of microemulsions (MEs) as drug delivery vehicles are recently gaining scientific and practical interests. Most MEs are able to solubilize bioactive molecules, but, at present, they cannot guarantee either controlled release of the drugs or significant advantage in the bioavailability of the bioactives. This study proposes to incorporate the modified ME structures, or nanodomains, into a natural polymeric film, to be used as a stable and capacious reservoir of drug-loaded nanodomains. These nanodomain-loaded films may release the nanodroplets along with the drug molecules in a slow and controlled way. Gellan gum, an anionic polysaccharide, was used in aqueous solution as the film former, and curcumin, hydrophobic polyphenol, served as the guest molecule in the loaded systems. Films were prepared by using empty and curcumin-loaded MEs. It is imperative to verify the persistence of the ME structure upon the dissolution of the film mimicking its behavior when in contact with a human physiological aqueous environment via reaching the cell membranes. For this purpose, the films were dissolved, and the reconstituted ME structure was compared with the ME structure before film formation. Characterization of these structures, before and after dissolution, was achieved using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (SD-NMR) techniques. Specific spin probes were inserted in the system, and a computer-aided analysis of the EPR spectra was performed to provide information on nanodomain microstructure assemblies. In addition, the SD-NMR profile of each component was analyzed to extract information on the diffusivity of the ME components before film formation and after ME reconstitution. The EPR and SD-NMR results were in good agreement to each other. The most important finding was that, after film dissolution, the ME nanodomains were reversibly and spontaneously reformed. It was also found that the film did not perturb the ME-nanodomain structure embedded in it. The film remained transparent and the bioactive curcumin was easily solubilized into the ME-droplet/water interface even after film dissolution. The combined techniques confirmed that the film constituted by bioactive-loaded MEs can serve as novel drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Abramov
- The Ratner Chair of Chemistry, Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus , Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Maria Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA) , University of Urbino , Via Ca' le Suore 2/4 , Urbino 61029 , Italy
| | - Alexander I Shames
- Department of Physics , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Alberto Fattori
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA) , University of Urbino , Via Ca' le Suore 2/4 , Urbino 61029 , Italy
| | - Nissim Garti
- The Ratner Chair of Chemistry, Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus , Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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Turov V, Gun’ko V, Pakhlov E, Krupska T, Tsapko M, Charmas B, Kartel M. Influence of hydrophobic nanosilica and hydrophobic medium on water bound in hydrophilic components of complex systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hagage-Dobensky D, Aserin A, Garti N. Progesterone solubilization within reverse hexagonal mesophase. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Rokach S, Ottaviani MF, Shames AI, Aserin A, Garti N. Behavior of PPI-G2 Dendrimer in a Microemulsion. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:2339-2349. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shifra Rokach
- The
Ratner Chair of Chemistry, Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry,
The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond
J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Judea Regional Research & Development Center, Carmel 9040400, Israel
| | - Maria Francesca Ottaviani
- Department
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Loc. Crocicchia, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Alexander I. Shames
- Department
of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be’er-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Abraham Aserin
- The
Ratner Chair of Chemistry, Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry,
The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond
J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Nissim Garti
- The
Ratner Chair of Chemistry, Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry,
The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond
J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Docosahexaenoic acid triglyceride-based microemulsions with an added dendrimer – Structural considerations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 483:374-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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