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Avila E, Nixarlidis C, Shon YS. Water-Soluble Pd Nanoparticles for the Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Allyl Benzene in Water. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:348. [PMID: 36678101 PMCID: PMC9866704 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity and selectivity of two different water-soluble palladium nanoparticles capped with 5-(trimethylammonio)pentanethiolate and 6-(carboxylate)hexanethiolate ligands are investigated using the catalytic reaction of allyl benzene. The results show that the regioselective transformation of allyl benzene to 3-phenylpropanal occurs at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure in neat water via a Tsuji-Wacker type oxidation. Conventionally, the Tsuji-Wacker oxidation promotes the Markovnikov oxidation of terminal alkenes to their respective ketones in the presence of dioxygen. Water-soluble Pd nanoparticles, however, catalyze the anti-Markovnikov oxidation of allyl benzene to 3-phenylpropanal in up to 83% yields. Catalytic results of other aromatic alkenes suggest that the presence of benzylic hydrogen is a key to the formation of a p-allyl Pd intermediate and the anti-Markovnikov addition of H2O. The subsequent b-H elimination and tautomerization contribute to the formation of aldehyde products. Water-soluble Pd nanoparticles are characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV-vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Catalysis results are examined using 1H NMR and/or GC-MS analyses of isolated reaction mixtures.
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2
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Enciso J, Ramírez A, Ostos C, Echavarría A, Córdoba M, Lederhos C, Miranda C. Ru 0·Ru n+/Al 2O 3 as a Versatile Catalyst in the Isomerization of Allyl Alcohol. Front Chem 2021; 9:671980. [PMID: 34017821 PMCID: PMC8129157 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.671980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on examining the isomerization of allyl alcohol using ruthenium (Ru) supported on alumina as a heterogeneous catalyst. The synthesized Ru/Al solids were characterized by various characterization techniques. The content of Ru was estimated by the energy dispersive x-ray technique. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of phases in the support and active species in the catalysts. The surface area of the support after Ru impregnation and the pore volume were determined by nitrogen physisorption. The analysis of programmed temperature (TPR and TPO) shows different redox sites which is confirmed by XPS. The catalytic results suggest a dependence on the amount of available metallic Ru, as well as the importance of the continuous regeneration of the metal using H2 to achieve a good conversion of the allyl alcohol. For comparison purposes, the commercial Ru on alumina 5% (CAS 908142) was used. The results show up to 68% alcohol conversion and 27% yield of the isomerization product using Ru(1,5.4h)/Al catalyst in comparison with 86% conversion and 39% yield of the isomerization product using CAS 908142. In contrast, our catalysts always presented higher TOF values (149-160) in comparison with CAS 908142 (101).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Enciso
- Grupo de Investigación en Catálisis, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación en Catálisis, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ostos
- Grupo de Catalizadores y Adsorbentes, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Ciudad Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adriana Echavarría
- Grupo de Catalizadores y Adsorbentes, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Ciudad Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Misael Córdoba
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (INCAPE-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Lederhos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (INCAPE-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cristian Miranda
- Grupo de Investigación en Catálisis, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
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Alam AM, Shon YS. Water-Soluble Noble Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts Capped with Small Organic Molecules for Organic Transformations in Water. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3294-3318. [PMID: 34095774 PMCID: PMC8171274 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article recaps a variety of interesting catalytic studies based on solubilized and freely movable noble metal nanoparticle catalysts employed for organic reactions in either pure water or water-organic biphasic systems. Small organic ligand-capped metal nanoparticles are fundamentally attractive materials due to their enormous potential as a well-defined system that can provide spatial control near active catalytic sites. The nanoparticle catalysts are first grouped based on the synthetic method (direct reduction, phase transfer, and redispersion) and then again based on the type of reaction such as alkene hydrogenation, arene hydrogenation, nitroaromatic reduction, carbon-carbon coupling reactions, etc. The impacts of various ligands on the catalytic activity and selectivity of semi-heterogeneous nanoparticles in water are discussed in detail. The catalytic systems using polymers, dendrimers, and ionic liquids as supporting or protecting materials are excluded from the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Mahmnur Alam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Keck Energy and Materials Program (KEMP), California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Keck Energy and Materials Program (KEMP), California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
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Staiger L, Kratky T, Günther S, Tomanek O, Zbořil R, Fischer RW, Fischer RA, Cokoja M. Steric and Electronic Effects of Phosphane Additives on the Catalytic Performance of Colloidal Palladium Nanoparticles in the Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Staiger
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Tim Kratky
- Chair of Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Chair of Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Ondrej Tomanek
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials RCPTM Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials RCPTM Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Richard W. Fischer
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH Waldheimer Straße 15 83052 Bruckmühl Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
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Tieu P, Nguyen V, Shon YS. Proximity Effects of Methyl Group on Ligand Steric Interactions and Colloidal Stability of Palladium Nanoparticles. Front Chem 2020; 8:599. [PMID: 32754577 PMCID: PMC7381309 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticle catalysts functionalized with small, well-defined organic ligands are important because such systems can provide a spatial control in the catalyst-substrate interactions. This article describes the synthesis, stability, and catalytic property evaluations of four different Pd nanoparticles capped with constitutional isomers of pentanethiolate ligands that have either a straight chain or an alkyl chain with one methyl group at different locations (α, β, or γ from the surface-bound sulfur). The structure and composition analyses of Pd nanoparticles confirm that they have similar average core sizes and organic ligand contents. The presence of methyl group at α position is found to lower the capping ability of short ligands and thus make Pd nanoparticles to lose their colloidal stability during the catalytic reactions. The overall activity and selectivity for hydrogenation and isomerization of pentene and allylbenzene derivatives are investigated for each combination of ligand and substrate. Catalysis results indicate that steric interactions between the ligands on the metal catalyst surface and the alkene substrates are a factor in controlling the activity of Pd nanoparticles. In particular, Pd nanoparticles capped with pentanethiolate isomer having a methyl group at α position exhibit poor and inconsistent catalytic activity due to its low colloidal stability. The presence of a methyl group at β position mildly interferes the adsorption of alkene group on the nanoparticle surface resulting in lower conversion yields. Interestingly, a methyl group at γ position only has a minimal effect on the catalytic property of Pd nanoparticles exhibiting similar catalysis results with Pd nanoparticles capped with straight chain pentanethiolate ligands. This indicates the proximity of steric group at the reactive site controls the nanoparticle activity for surface oriented reactions, such as hydrogenation and isomerization of alkenes in addition to their colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tieu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Vincent Nguyen
- Keck Energy and Materials Research Program, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
- Keck Energy and Materials Research Program, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
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Bhama S, Sibakoti TR, Jasinski JB, Zamborini FP. Highly Active, Selective, and Recyclable Water‐Soluble Glutathione‐Stabilized Pd and Pd‐Alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts in Biphasic Solvent. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Bhama
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville Louisville KY-40292 USA
| | - Tirtha R. Sibakoti
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville Louisville KY-40292 USA
| | - Jacek B. Jasinski
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research University of Louisville Louisville KY-40292 USA
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Cid A, Simal-Gandara J. Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications of Transition Metal Nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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San KA, Shon YS. Synthesis of Alkanethiolate-Capped Metal Nanoparticles Using Alkyl Thiosulfate Ligand Precursors: A Method to Generate Promising Reagents for Selective Catalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E346. [PMID: 29783714 PMCID: PMC5977360 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of metal nanoparticle catalysts functionalized with well-defined thiolate ligands can be potentially important because such systems can provide a spatial control in the reactivity and selectivity of catalysts. A synthetic method utilizing Bunte salts (sodium S-alkylthiosulfates) allows the formation of metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, and Ir) capped with alkanethiolate ligands. The catalysis studies on Pd nanoparticles show a strong correlation between the surface ligand structure/composition and the catalytic activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation/isomerization of alkenes, dienes, trienes, and allylic alcohols. The high selectivity of Pd nanoparticles is driven by the controlled electronic properties of the Pd surface limiting the formation of Pd⁻alkene adducts (or intermediates) necessary for (additional) hydrogenation. The synthesis of water soluble Pd nanoparticles using ω-carboxylate-S-alkanethiosulfate salts is successfully achieved and these Pd nanoparticles are examined for the hydrogenation of various unsaturated compounds in both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Alkanethiolate-capped Pt nanoparticles are also successfully synthesized and further investigated for the hydrogenation of various alkynes to understand their geometric and electronic surface properties. The high catalytic activity of activated terminal alkynes, but the significantly low activity of internal alkynes and unactivated terminal alkynes, are observed for Pt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Aye San
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
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Maung MS, Shon YS. Effects of Noncovalent Interactions on the Catalytic Activity of Unsupported Colloidal Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized with Thiolate Ligands. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:20882-20891. [PMID: 29326755 PMCID: PMC5758047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b07109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the systematic evaluation of colloidal palladium nanoparticles functionalized with well-defined small organic ligands that provide spatial control of the geometric and electronic surface properties of nanoparticle catalysts. Palladium nanoparticles stabilized with thiolate ligands of different structures and functionalities (linear alkyl vs cyclohexyl vs phenyl) are synthesized using the thiosulfate protocol in a two-phase system. The structure and composition of palladium nanoparticles are characterized using transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopies. The catalysis studies show that the chemical and structural compositions of monolayers surrounding the nanoparticle core greatly influence the overall activity and selectivity of colloidal palladium nanoparticle catalysts for the hydrogenation, isomerization, and hydrogenolysis of allylic alcohols. Especially, noncovalent interactions between surface phenyl ligands and incoming aromatic substrates are found to have a profound influence on the selectivity of colloidal palladium nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Corresponding Author: . Telephone: 562-985-4466. Fax: 562-985-8547
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Exploring Pd/Al2O3 Catalysed Redox Isomerisation of Allyl Alcohol as a Platform to Create Structural Diversity. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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