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Nguyenova HY, Hubalek Kalbacova M, Dendisova M, Sikorova M, Jarolimkova J, Kolska Z, Ulrychova L, Weber J, Reznickova A. Stability and biological response of PEGylated gold nanoparticles. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30601. [PMID: 38742054 PMCID: PMC11089375 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stability and cytotoxicity of PEGylated Au NPs is crucial for biomedical application. In this study, we have focused on thermal stability of PEGylated Au NPs at 4 and 37 °C and after sterilization in autoclave. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by direct sputtering of gold into PEG and PEG-NH2. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that NPs exhibit a spherical shape with average dimensions 3.8 nm for both AuNP_PEG and AuNP_PEG-NH2. The single LSPR band at wavelength of 509 nm also confirmed presence of spherical Au NPs in both cases. Moreover, according to UV-Vis spectra, the Au NPs were overall stable during aging or thermal stressing and even after sterilization in autoclave. Based on gel electrophoresis results, the higher density of functionalizing ligands and the higher stability is assumed on AuNP_PEG-NH2. Changes in concentration of gold did not occur after thermal stress or with aging. pH values have to be adjusted to be suitable for bioapplications - original pH values are either too alkaline (AuNP_PEG-NH2, pH 10) or too acidic (AuNP_PEG, pH 5). Cytotoxicity was tested on human osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Overall, both Au NPs have shown good cytocompatibility either freshly prepared or even after Au NPs' sterilization in the autoclave. Prepared Au NP dispersions were also examined for their antiviral activity, however no significant effect was observed. We have synthesized highly stable, non-cytotoxic PEGylated Au NPs, which are ready for preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Yen Nguyenova
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Hubalek Kalbacova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Dendisova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miriama Sikorova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Jarolimkova
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkyne University, 400 96, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Kolska
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkyne University, 400 96, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ulrychova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Reznickova
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkyne University, 400 96, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
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Eneren P, Sergievskaya A, Aksoy YT, Umek P, Konstantinidis S, Vetrano MR. Time-resolved in situ nanoparticle size evolution during magnetron sputtering onto liquids. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4809-4818. [PMID: 37705790 PMCID: PMC10496901 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research since 1996, there are still open questions regarding the primary location of the nucleation process, the growth mechanism of the nanoparticles (NPs), and the influence of the liquid properties on the ultimate size of the NPs for the magnetron sputtering of metals onto liquids. Hence, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, the particle size evolution is in situ and in real-time examined during and after the sputtering of the silver atoms onto silicone oil, i.e., Sputtering onto Liquids (SoL) process. The particle size distribution (PSD) is measured via the Light Extinction Spectroscopy (LES) technique, and the deposition rate and stirring speed effects on the PSDs are analyzed. Based on De Brouckere mean diameters, the size evolution of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) over time is monitored. Ag NPs bigger than 20 nm are detected, and the PSDs are shown to be poly-disperse, which is also supported by the ex situ TEM measurements and in situ time-resolved absorption spectra. Moreover, it is shown that aggregation and growth of Ag NPs occur both at the plasma-liquid interface and inside the silicone oil during and after the magnetron sputtering. Despite the same amount of deposited silver, the growth kinetics of Ag NPs in silicone oil vary at different deposition rates. In particular, at higher deposition rates, larger NPs are formed. Stirring is seen to help disaggregate the particle lumps. Faster stirring does not substantially influence the final size but promotes the formation of smaller NPs (<20 nm). Also, low colloidal stability of Ag NPs in silicone oil is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Eneren
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Applied Mechanics and Energy Conversion (TME) B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Anastasiya Sergievskaya
- University of Mons, Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Yunus Tansu Aksoy
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Applied Mechanics and Energy Conversion (TME) B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Polona Umek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Condensed Matter Physics Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Stephanos Konstantinidis
- University of Mons, Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Maria Rosaria Vetrano
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Applied Mechanics and Energy Conversion (TME) B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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Panwar D, Shrivastava D, Kumar A, Gupta LK, Kumar NSS, Chintagunta AD. Efficient strategy to isolate exosomes using anti-CD63 antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles. AMB Express 2023; 13:90. [PMID: 37639159 PMCID: PMC10462597 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a subpopulation of Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are cell-secreted vesicles found in the majority of biological fluids, including breast milk, tears, sweat, blood and, urine. The density and size of these vesicles depend on a variety of factors, including age, gender and the biological condition of the individual. Researchers are now focusing on the selective extraction of exosomes from bodily fluids due to the unique biomolecule composition of exosomes, which is critical for diagnosis, disease, and regeneration. Furthermore, current approaches for exosome isolation have limitations, necessitating the development of a simpler and more effective technique to achieve this goal. In this study, we investigated a quick and effective strategy for isolating exosomes from serum using a bench-top centrifuge. This was accomplished by raising antibodies against exosome surface tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 & CD81) in Leghorn chickens due to their phylogenetic distance from humans and cost-effectiveness for commercial use. In order to separate exosomes from a complex biological fluid, the antibodies were further coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The findings were validated using ELISA, spectrophotometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using this technique, exosome isolation from serum was achieved rapidly and these were captured by using anti CD63 antibodies bound to AuNPs. To summarize, exosomes were purified from serum using anti-CD63 antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles (IgY@AuNPs). Consequently, the approach for exosome isolation from biological fluid could be useful for clinically monitoring the biological state of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshita Panwar
- Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur -Tenali Rd, Vadlamudi, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Deepali Shrivastava
- Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur -Tenali Rd, Vadlamudi, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- IgY Immunologix India Private Limited, Narsingi, Rangareddy, Hyderabad, 500089, Telangana, India
| | - Lavleen Kumar Gupta
- IgY Immunologix India Private Limited, Narsingi, Rangareddy, Hyderabad, 500089, Telangana, India.
| | - N S Sampath Kumar
- Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur -Tenali Rd, Vadlamudi, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anjani Devi Chintagunta
- Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur -Tenali Rd, Vadlamudi, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Chandran N, Janardhanan P, Bayal M, Pilankatta R, Nair SS. Development of PEGylated Cu nanoclusters: A nontoxic, multifunctional colloidal system for bioimaging and peroxide sensing. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130372. [PMID: 37127204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces the development of blue-emitting colloidal Cu NCs through a novel and easy PEGylation method using different functional groups, including -SH and -COOH. The surface functionalization controls the size, cellular toxicity, and emission properties of Cu NCs. The combination of PEG, thiol, and carboxylic groups protects the particle surface from aggregation and oxidation. Among the samples, CAGP (Surface modified Cu NCs with -SH-COOH-PEG combination) emerges as an amazing candidate with the lowest toxicity and enhanced blue emission properties. The bright blue fluorescence emission from Hela cells after treatment with CAGP demonstrated this property. It also has excellent peroxide sensing potential, with a detection limit of 1.4 μM. Because of their excellent bioimaging and peroxide sensing properties, these Cu NCs could be a promising candidate for cellular oxidative stress sensing applications with high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeli Chandran
- Department of Physics, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Prajit Janardhanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Manikanta Bayal
- Department of Physics, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Rajendra Pilankatta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India.
| | - Swapna S Nair
- Department of Physics, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India.
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Sergievskaya A, Chauvin A, Konstantinidis S. Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:10-53. [PMID: 35059275 PMCID: PMC8744456 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sputter deposition of atoms onto liquid substrates aims at producing colloidal dispersions of small monodisperse ultrapure nanoparticles (NPs). Since sputtering onto liquids combines the advantages of the physical vapor deposition technique and classical colloidal synthesis, the review contains chapters explaining the basics of (magnetron) sputter deposition and the formation of NPs in solution. This review article covers more than 132 papers published on this topic from 1996 to September 2021 and aims at providing a critical analysis of most of the reported data; we will address the influence of the sputtering parameters (sputter power, current, voltage, sputter time, working gas pressure, and the type of sputtering plasma) and host liquid properties (composition, temperature, viscosity, and surface tension) on the NP formation as well as a detailed overview of the properties and applications of the produced NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sergievskaya
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Adrien Chauvin
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Stephanos Konstantinidis
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles Grafted with N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine for Polymer Modification. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061434. [PMID: 34071711 PMCID: PMC8229060 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The subjects of this work were the enhancement and determination of the stability and other properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in an aqueous solution, gold nanoparticle immobilization, and further surface grafting on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). Gold nanoparticles in PEG with a subsequent water solution addition were prepared using cathode sputtering; for the subsequent surface activation, two different solutions were used: (i) sodium citrate dihydrate (TCD) and (ii) N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC). The aim of this work was to study the effect of the concentration of these solutions on AuNPs stability, and further, the effect of the concentration of gold nanoparticles and their morphology, and to describe the aging process of solutions, namely, the optical properties of samples over 28 days. Stabilized AuNPs were prepared in an N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC) system and subsequently immobilized with NALC. The surface chemistry modification of AuNPs was confirmed using HRTEM/EDS. Gold nanoparticles were successfully immobilized with NALC. Grafting of the modified PEN from a solution of colloidal gold stabilized in the PEG–H2O–NALC system led to the polymer surface functionalization.
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dos Santos CC, Viali WR, da Silva Nunes Viali E, Jafelicci M. Aqueous Nanofluids based on Thioglycolic acid-coated copper sulfide nanoparticles for heat-exchange applications. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sen GT, Ozkemahli G, Shahbazi R, Erkekoglu P, Ulubayram K, Kocer-Gumusel B. The Effects of Polymer Coating of Gold Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:328-340. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581820927646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in many biological and biomedical applications. In this regard, their surface modification is of paramount importance in order to increase their cellular uptake, delivery capability, and optimize their distribution inside the body. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of AuNPs on cytotoxicity, oxidant/antioxidant parameters, and DNA damage in HepG2 cells and investigate the potential toxic effects of different surface modifications such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethyleneimine (PEI; molecular weights of 2,000 (low molecular weight [LMW]) and 25,000 (high molecular weight [HMW]). The study groups were determined as AuNPs, PEG-coated AuNPs (AuNPs/PEG), low-molecular weight polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/PEI LMW), and high-molecular weight polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/PEI HMW). After incubating HepG2 cells with different concentrations of nanoparticles for 24 hours, half maximal inhibitory concentrations (the concentration that kills 50% of the cells) were determined as 166.77, 257.73, and 198.44 µg/mL for AuNPs, AuNPs/PEG, and AuNPs/PEI LMW groups, respectively. Later, inhibitory concentration 30 (IC30, the concentration that kills 30% of the cells) doses were calculated, and further experiments were performed on cells that were exposed to IC30 doses. Although intracellular reactive oxygen species levels significantly increased in all nanoparticles, AuNPs as well as AuNPs/PEG did not cause any changes in oxidant/antioxidant parameters. However, AuNPs/PEI HMW particularly induced oxidative stress as evidence of alterations in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. These results suggest that at IC30 doses, AuNPs do not affect oxidative stress and DNA damage significantly. Polyethylene glycol coating does not have an impact on toxicity, however PEI coating (particularly HMW) can induce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Tilbe Sen
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Ozkemahli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Reza Shahbazi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Erkekoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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Slepička P, Slepičková Kasálková N, Siegel J, Kolská Z, Švorčík V. Methods of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Preparation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E1. [PMID: 31861259 PMCID: PMC6981963 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The versatile family of nanoparticles is considered to have a huge impact on the different fields of materials research, mostly nanoelectronics, catalytic chemistry and in study of cytocompatibility, targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering. Different approaches for nanoparticle preparation have been developed, not only based on "bottom up" and "top down" techniques, but also several procedures of effective nanoparticle modifications have been successfully used. This paper is focused on different techniques of nanoparticles' preparation, with primary focus on metal nanoparticles. Dispergation methods such as laser ablation and vacuum sputtering are introduced. Condensation methods such as reduction with sodium citrate, the Brust-Schiffrin method and approaches based on ultraviolet light or biosynthesis of silver and gold are also discussed. Basic properties of colloidal solutions are described. Also a historical overview of nanoparticles are briefly introduced together with short introduction to specific properties of nanoparticles and their solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (N.S.K.); (J.S.); (V.Š.)
| | - Nikola Slepičková Kasálková
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (N.S.K.); (J.S.); (V.Š.)
| | - Jakub Siegel
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (N.S.K.); (J.S.); (V.Š.)
| | - Zdeňka Kolská
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (N.S.K.); (J.S.); (V.Š.)
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Reznickova A, Slavikova N, Kolska Z, Kolarova K, Belinova T, Hubalek Kalbacova M, Cieslar M, Svorcik V. PEGylated gold nanoparticles: Stability, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Efficient Antibacterial and Low Cytotoxic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Produced Instantaneously Using Dimeric Gallate. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Salabat A, Mirhoseini F. A novel and simple microemulsion method for synthesis of biocompatible functionalized gold nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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