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Abstract
Surface-modified lanthanide nanoparticles have been widely developed as an emerging class of therapeutics for cancer treatment because they exhibit several unique properties. First, lanthanide nanoparticles exhibit a variety of diagnostic capabilities suitable for various image-guided therapies. Second, a large number of therapeutic molecules can be accommodated on the surface of lanthanide nanoparticles, which can simultaneously achieve combined cancer therapy. Third, multivalent targeting ligands on lanthanide nanoparticles can be easily modified to achieve high affinity and specificity for target cells. Last but not least, lanthanide nanoparticles can be engineered for spatially and temporally controlled tumor therapy, which is critical for developing precise and personalized tumor therapy. Surface-modified lanthanide-doped nanoparticles are widely used in cancer phototherapy. This is due to their unique optical properties, including large anti-Stokes shifts, long-lasting luminescence, high photostability, and the capacity for near-infrared or X-ray excitation. Upon near-infrared irradiation, these nanoparticles can emit ultraviolet to visible light, which activates photosensitizers and photothermal agents to destroy tumor cells. Surface modification with special ligands that respond to tumor microenvironment changes, such as acidic pH, hypoxia, or redox reactions, can turn lanthanide nanoparticles into a smart nanoplatform for light-guided tumor chemotherapy and gene therapy. Surface-engineered lanthanide nanoparticles can include antigens that elicit tumor-specific immune responses, as well as immune activators that boost immunity, allowing distant and metastatic tumors to be eradicated. The design of ligands and surface chemistry is crucial for improving cancer therapy without causing side effects. In this Account, we classify surface-modified lanthanide nanoparticles for tumor therapy into four main domains: phototherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and biotherapy. We begin by introducing fundamental bioapplications and then discuss recent developments in tumor phototherapy (photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and biotherapy (gene therapy and immunotherapy). We also assess the viability of a variety of strategies for eliminating tumor cells through innovative pathways. Finally, future opportunities and challenges for the development of more efficient lanthanide nanoprobes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhigao Yi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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2
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Rezaei A, Rafieian F, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Release of bioactive compounds from delivery systems by stimuli-responsive approaches; triggering factors, mechanisms, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 307:102728. [PMID: 35843031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in emerging nanocarriers and stimuli-responsive (SR) delivery systems have brought about a revolution in the food and pharmaceutical industries. SR carriers are able to release the encapsulated bioactive compounds (bioactives) upon an external trigger. The potential of releasing the loaded bioactives in site-specific is of great importance for the pharmaceutical industry and medicine that can deliver the cargo in an appropriate condition. For the food industry, release of encapsulated bioactives is considerably important in processing or storage of food products and can be used in their formulation or packaging. There are various stimuli to control the favorite release of bioactives. In this review, we will shed light on the effect of different stimuli such as temperature, humidity, pH, light, enzymatic hydrolysis, redox, and also multiple stimuli on the release of encapsulated cargo and their potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. An overview of cargo release mechanisms is also discussed. Furthermore, various alternatives to manipulate the controlled release of bioactives from carriers and the perspective of more progress in these SR carriers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Rezaei
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Rafieian
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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3
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Ouyang J, Xie A, Zhou J, Liu R, Wang L, Liu H, Kong N, Tao W. Minimally invasive nanomedicine: nanotechnology in photo-/ultrasound-/radiation-/magnetism-mediated therapy and imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4996-5041. [PMID: 35616098 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and surgery usually cause severe side effects and excruciating pain. The emergence of nanomedicines and minimally invasive therapies (MITs) has brought hope to patients with malignant diseases. Especially, minimally invasive nanomedicines (MINs), which combine the advantages of nanomedicines and MITs, can effectively target pathological cells/tissues/organs to improve the bioavailability of drugs, minimize side effects and achieve painless treatment with a small incision or no incision, thereby acquiring good therapeutic effects. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of the research status and challenges of MINs, which generally refers to the medical applications of nanotechnology in photo-/ultrasound-/radiation-/magnetism-mediated therapy and imaging. Additionally, we also discuss their combined application in various fields including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, tissue engineering, neuro-functional diseases, and infectious diseases. The prospects, and potential bench-to-bedside translation of MINs are also presented in this review. We expect that this review can inspire the broad interest for a wide range of readers working in the fields of interdisciplinary subjects including (but not limited to) chemistry, nanomedicine, bioengineering, nanotechnology, materials science, pharmacology, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ouyang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Angel Xie
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Runcong Liu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Zhang L, Jin D, Stenzel MH. Polymer-Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles for Light/Imaging-Guided Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3168-3201. [PMID: 34304566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The strong upconversion luminescence (UCL) of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) endows the nanoparticles with attractive features for combined imaging and drug delivery. UCNPs convert near-infrared (NIR) light into light of shorter wavelengths such as light in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible regions, which can be used for light-guided drug delivery. Although light-responsive drug delivery systems as such have been known for many years, their application in medicine is limited, as strong UV-light can be damaging to tissue; moreover, UV light will not penetrate deeply into the skin, an issue that UCNPs can now address. However, UCNPs, as obtained after synthesis, are usually hydrophobic and require further surface functionalization to be stable in plasma. Polymers can serve as versatile surface coatings, as they can provide good colloidal stability, prevent the formation of a protein corona, provide a matrix for drugs, and be stimuli-responsive. In this Review, we provide a brief overview of the most recent progress in the synthesis of UCNPs with different shapes/sizes. We will then discuss the purpose of polymer coating for drug delivery before summarizing the strategies to coat UCNPs with various polymers. We will introduce the different polymers that have so far been used to coat UCNPs with the purpose to create a drug delivery system, focusing in detail on light-responsive polymers. To expand the application of UCNPs to allow photothermal therapy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or to simply enhance the loading capacity of drugs, UCNPs were often combined with other materials to generate multifunctional nanoparticles such as carbon-based NPs and nanoMOFs. We then conclude with a discussion on drug loading and release and summarize the current knowledge on the toxicity of these polymer-coated UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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5
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Hershberger KK, Gauger AJ, Bronstein LM. Utilizing Stimuli Responsive Linkages to Engineer and Enhance Polymer Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Platforms. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4720-4736. [PMID: 35007022 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The devastating nature of cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the world. Chemotherapy is among the most common forms of cancer treatment but comes with a host of adverse effects caused by the therapeutic agents damaging healthy tissue and organs. To limit these side effects, scientists have been designing stimuli responsive drug delivery vessels for targeted release. This Review focuses on the incorporation of stimuli responsive linkages in targeted drug delivery systems to enhance therapeutic efficiency. These platforms are primarily employed to control the distribution of anticancer agents in the body to reduce the adverse side effects caused by their toxicities. We will outline how drug delivery vessels are constructed so that exposure to select environmental and external stimuli releases the enclosed drug only at the target site. Stimuli responsive components are integrated within drug delivery vessels in the form of cross-linkers, polymers, and surface modifications. The changes, these moieties undergo upon stimuli exposure, cascade into larger scale alterations to the platforms, resulting in complete disassembly, reversible morphological variations, and enhanced cellular uptake. The ability for these modes of delivery to be initiated exclusively under stimuli exposure allows for release of toxic therapeutic agents to be confined only to the affected area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian K Hershberger
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew J Gauger
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lyudmila M Bronstein
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Indiana 47405, United States.,A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 80303, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Zhang D, Li J, Xie H, Zhu A, Xu Y, Zeng B, Luo W, Dai L. Polyion complex micelles formed by azobenzene‐based polymer with multi‐responsive properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jilu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Hongmei Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Aoqi Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Weiang Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
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Chabalala MB, Al-Abri MZ, Mamba BB, Nxumalo EN. Mechanistic aspects for the enhanced adsorption of bromophenol blue and atrazine over cyclodextrin modified polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Zhang L, Chen C, Tay SS, Wen S, Cao C, Biro M, Jin D, Stenzel MH. Optimizing the Polymer Cloak for Upconverting Nanoparticles: An Evaluation of Bioactivity and Optical Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16142-16154. [PMID: 33787198 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to convert low-energy near-infrared (NIR) light into high-energy visible-ultraviolet light has resulted in their development as novel contrast agents for biomedical imaging. However, UCNPs often succumb to poor colloidal stability in aqueous media, which can be conquered by decorating the nanoparticle surface with polymers. The polymer cloak, therefore, plays an instrumental role in ensuring good stability in biological media. This study aims to understand the relationship between the length and grafting density of the polymer shell on the physicochemical and biological properties of these core-shell UCNPs. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate block ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (PPEGMEMAn-b-PEGMP3) with different numbers of PEGMEMA repeating units (26, 38, and 80) was prepared and attached to the UCNPs via the phosphate ligand of the poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate) (PEGMP) block at different polymer densities. The in vitro and in vivo protein corona, cellular uptake in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) models, and in vivo biodistribution in mice were evaluated. Furthermore, the photoluminescence of single-polymer-coated UCNPs was compared in solid state and cancer cells using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Our results showed that the bioactivity and luminescence properties are chain length and grafting density dependent. The UCNPs coated with the longest PPEGMEMA chain, grafted at low brush density, were able to reduce the formation of the protein corona in vitro and in vivo, while these UCNPs also showed the brightest upconversion luminescence in the solid state. Moreover, these particular polymer-coated UCNPs showed enhanced cellular uptake, extended in vivo blood circulation time, and more accumulation in the liver, brain, and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Chaohao Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Szun S Tay
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Shihui Wen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Cheng Cao
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
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9
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Singh R, Kumar B, Sahu RK, Kumari S, Jha CB, Singh N, Mathur R, Hedau ST. Development of a pH-sensitive functionalized metal organic framework: in vitro study for simultaneous delivery of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in breast cancer. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33723-33733. [PMID: 35497517 PMCID: PMC9042314 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration of an efficient dual-drug based nanocarrier with high drug loading capacity, specific targeting properties, and long-term stability is highly desirable in cancer therapy. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have proven to be a promising class of drug carriers due to their high porosity, crystalline properties with defined structure information, and their potential for further functionalization. To enhance the drug efficacy as well as to overcome the burst effect of drugs, here we synthesized a pH responsive folic acid (FA) and graphene oxide (GO) decorated zeolitical imidazolate frameworks-8 (GO–FA/ZIF-8), for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CP), simultaneously. In this system, DOX molecules were encapsulated in the pores of ZIF-8 during in situ synthesis of ZIF-8 and CP molecules have been captured by the GO surface via hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions as well. Furthermore, the resulting pH-responsive nanocarrier (DOX@ZIF-8/GO–FA/CP) showed in vitro sustained release characteristics (76% of DOX and 80% of CP) by cleavage of chemical bonding and disruption of the MOFs structure under acidic condition (at pH 5.6). Moreover, DOX@ZIF-8/GO–FA/CP has synergistic cytotoxic effects as compared to the combination of both the drugs without ZIF-8/GO–FA when treating MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines (with a combination index of 0.29 and 0.75 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell-lines, respectively). Hence this system can be applied as an effective platform for smart dual drug delivery in breast cancer treatment through its remarkable manageable multidrug release. Exploration of an efficient dual-drug based nanocarrier with high drug loading capacity, specific targeting properties, and long-term stability is highly desirable in cancer therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Singh
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida-201301, U.P., India
| | - Binayak Kumar
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida-201301, U.P., India
| | - Ram Krishna Sahu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida-201301, U.P., India
| | - Soni Kumari
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida-201301, U.P., India
| | - Chandan Bhogendra Jha
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Nahar Singh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rashi Mathur
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Suresh T. Hedau
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida-201301, U.P., India
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10
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Dong Y, Liu P. Improving drug delivery performance of pH-triggered prodrug nanoparticles with an adaptive polycation block as pH-sensitive gatekeeper. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Tian B, Liu Y, Liu J. Smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems based on cyclodextrin: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:116871. [PMID: 33142550 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated by researches in materials chemistry and medicine fields, drug delivery has entered a new stage of development. Drug delivery systems have been extensively studied according to the differences in the drug therapeutic environment such as pH, light, temperature, magnet, redox, enzymes, etc. Cyclodextrin is a smart tool that has been proven to be used in the preparation of drug delivery, and has become a new area of concern in recent years. In this review, we discuss recent research advances in smart stimuli-responsive cyclodextrin-based drug delivery. First, different stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems based on cyclodextrin are introduced and classified. Then, the characteristics of different types of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems are described, and their applications are emphasized. Finally, current challenges and future development opportunities of smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems based on cyclodextrin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingren Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, 830001, China.
| | - Yumei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, 830001, China.
| | - Jiayue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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12
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Austin J, Fernandes D, Ruszala MJA, Hill N, Corbett J. Routine, ensemble characterisation of electrophoretic mobility in high and saturated ionic dispersions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4628. [PMID: 32170144 PMCID: PMC7070055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the industrialisation of nanoparticle manufacture, the pervasive incursion of nanoparticles into the environment, the need to characterise nano-scale pharmaceuticals and living systems in replicated in vivo conditions, the continuing development of new theories to describe the electro-kinetic behaviour of nano-particles in representative ionic strengths and numerous other applications, there is an urgent requirement to provide simple and effective experimental tools to validate these models and explore new systems. Micro-electrophoresis implemented with a diffusion barrier, which isolates the dispersed phase from the electrode surface, is demonstrated as enabling such measurements for the first time, preventing the catastrophic outgassing, precipitation and sample degradation observed when the dispersed phase is in close proximity to the electrode surface. Using a measurement of a few minute's duration in a standard laboratory light scattering instrument we reproduce the theoretically predicted phenomena of asymptotic, non-zero electrophoretic mobility with increasing ionic strength, the cationic Hofmeister series dependency, charge inversion and a continuously decreasing variation in mobility with pH as molarity increases. Standard operating procedures are developed and included to encourage further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Austin
- Nanotechnology group of Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Grovewood Road, Malvern, WR14 1XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Fernandes
- Nanotechnology group of Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Grovewood Road, Malvern, WR14 1XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J A Ruszala
- Nanotechnology group of Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Grovewood Road, Malvern, WR14 1XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Hill
- Nanotechnology group of Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Grovewood Road, Malvern, WR14 1XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Corbett
- Nanotechnology group of Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Grovewood Road, Malvern, WR14 1XZ, United Kingdom.
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13
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Abstract
Cyclodextrins are widely used excipients, composed of glucopyranose units with a cyclic structure. One of their most important properties, is that their inner cavity is hydrophobic, while their surface is hydrophilic. This enables them for the complex formation with lipophilic molecules. They have several applications in the pharmaceutical field like solubility enhancers or the building blocks of larger drug delivery systems. On the other hand, they have numerous effects on cells or biological barriers. In this review the most important properties of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin-based drug delivery systems are summarized with special focus on their biological activity.
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14
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Hegazy M, Zhou P, Rahoui N, Wu G, Taloub N, Lin Y, Huang X, Huang Y. A facile design of smart silica nanocarriers via surface-initiated RAFT polymerization as a dual-stimuli drug release platform. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Jafari M, Rezvanpour A. Upconversion nano-particles from synthesis to cancer treatment: A review. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Ren DX, Chen PC, Zheng P, Xu ZN. pH/redox dual response nanoparticles with poly-γ-glutamic acid for enhanced intracellular drug delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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17
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Wang H, Li T, Li J, Tong W, Gao C. One-pot synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles: Size control, surface modification and drug encapsulation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Lee G, Park YI. Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E511. [PMID: 29987223 PMCID: PMC6071191 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to traditional cancer treatments, drug/gene delivery is an advanced, safe, and efficient method. Nanoparticles are widely used as nanocarriers in a drug/gene delivery system due to their long circulation time and low multi-drug resistance. In particular, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that can emit UV and visible light by near-infrared (NIR) upconversion demonstrated more efficient and safer drug/gene delivery. Because of the low penetration depth of UV and visible light, a photoinduced reaction such as photocleavage or photoisomerization has proven restrictive. However, NIR light has high tissue penetration depth and stimulates the photoinduced reaction through UV and visible emissions from lanthanide-doped UCNPs. This review discusses the optical properties of UCNPs that are useful in bioapplications and drug/gene delivery systems using the UCNPs as a photoreaction inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Yong Il Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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