Azad M, Patel V, Shah N, Sharma T, Trivedi JJ. Extensional Rheological Measurements of Surfactant-Polymer Mixtures.
ACS OMEGA 2020;
5:30787-30798. [PMID:
33324788 PMCID:
PMC7726756 DOI:
10.1021/acsomega.0c00481]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer solutions flowing in the porous media during enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes are subjected to both shear and extensional rheological deformation. However, the previous rheological studies conducted on a surfactant-polymer (SP) system or polymer systems were only shear-based. In this paper, the extensional rheological performance of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in the presence of an anionic surfactant at various concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) is studied with deionized water and 1% NaCl. Further, the extensional rheological behavior of HPAM in the presence of NaCl and CaCl2 is studied at varying ionic strengths (1-10%). A capillary break-up extensional rheometer is used for performing extensional rheological characterization. Results revealed that the extensional resistance of HPAM is enhanced in the presence of a surfactant. Particularly, around the critical micelle concentration value of the surfactant (0.1%), HPAM showed higher extensional resistance. Higher extensional resistance for the SP system is observed with deionized water when compared to 1% NaCl. HPAM showed improved performance at 1% NaCl salinity when compared to the higher concentration of NaCl salinity. However, the presence of even 1% of calcium ions is detrimental to the extensional properties of HPAM.
Collapse