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Zhang J, Dong L, Zheng Q, Xiao J, Cao Y, Lan Y. Surfactant-free oleogel-based emulsion stabilized by co-assembled ceramide/lecithin crystals with controlled digestibility. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3812-3821. [PMID: 36268716 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the development of oleogel-based emulsions. However, they usually contained surfactants for stabilization, especially small-molecular weight surfactants, which may have adverse health impacts. RESULTS Herein, a surfactant-free oleogel-based emulsion stabilized by co-assembled ceramide/lecithin (CER/LEC) crystals was developed. The formation and stabilization mechanisms were explored. The different molar ratios of gelator (LEC and CER) in emulsions resulted in different crystal morphology, crystallinity as well as different emulsion properties. This suggested that appropriate crystallinity, crystal size, and interfacial distribution of these crystals provided higher surface coverage against droplets coalescence, thus better emulsion stabilization. Both X-ray diffractograms and contact angle results confirmed that the crystals which were primarily responsible for emulsion stabilization, are co-assembled crystals consisted of both gelators (CER and LEC). Furthermore, the percentage of free fatty acids (FFAs%) results revealed a negative relationship between lipid digestibility and crystal concentration. CONCLUSIONS This strategy greatly enriched surfactant-free oleogel-based emulsion formulations, as well as their potential applications in healthy lipid-based products and novel food delivery systems with controlled lipid digestibility. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Shuke Industrial Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianwang Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Cheng H, Chen W, Jiang J, Khan MA, Wusigale, Liang L. A comprehensive review of protein-based carriers with simple structures for the co-encapsulation of bioactive agents. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2017-2042. [PMID: 36938993 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The rational design and fabrication of edible codelivery carriers are important to develop functional foods fortified with a plurality of bioactive agents, which may produce synergistic effects in increasing bioactivity and functionality to target specific health benefits. Food proteins possess considerable functional attributes that make them suitable for the delivery of a single bioactive agent in a wide range of platforms. Among the different types of protein-based carriers, protein-ligand nanocomplexes, micro/nanoparticles, and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions have increasingly attracted attention in the codelivery of multiple bioactive agents, due to the simple and convenient preparation procedure, high stability, matrix compatibility, and dosage flexibility. However, the successful codelivery of bioactive agents with diverse physicochemical properties by using these simple-structure carriers is a daunting task. In this review, some effective strategies such as combined functional properties of proteins, self-assembly, composite, layer-by-layer, and interfacial engineering are introduced to redesign the carrier structure and explore the encapsulation of multiple bioactive agents. It then highlights success stories and challenges in the co-encapsulation of multiple bioactive agents within protein-based carriers with a simple structure. The partition, protection, and release of bioactive agents in these protein-based codelivery carriers are considered and discussed. Finally, safety and application as well as challenges of co-encapsulated bioactive agents in the food industry are also discussed. This work provides a state-of-the-art overview of protein-based particles and O/W emulsions in co-encapsulating bioactive agents, which is essential for the design and development of novel functional foods containing multiple bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wanwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Wusigale
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Sakellari GI, Zafeiri I, Batchelor H, Spyropoulos F. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers of dual functionality at emulsion interfaces. Part II: active carrying/delivery functionality. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Robust stability and antimicrobial activity of d-limonene nanoemulsion by sodium caseinate and high pressure homogenization. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li Z, Jiang X, Liu H, Yao Z, Liu A, Ming L. Evaluation of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Silica Particles on the Release Kinetics of Essential Oil Pickering Emulsions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8651-8664. [PMID: 35309467 PMCID: PMC8928567 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal particle-stabilized emulsions have recently gained increasing interest as delivery systems for essential oils. Despite the use of silica particles in food and pharmaceutical applications, the formation and release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica particle-stabilized emulsions are still not well studied. Thus, in this study, the structures of hydrophilic (A200, A380, 244FP, and 3150) and hydrophobic (R202 and R106) silica were deeply characterized using the solid state, contact angle, and other properties that could affect the formation of emulsions. Following that, Mosla chinensis essential oil emulsions were stabilized with different types of silica, and their characteristics, particularly their release behavior, were studied. Fick's second law was used to investigate the mechanism of release. Additionally, six mathematical models were employed to assess the experimental data of release: zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, Peppas, and Page models. The release mechanism of essential oils demonstrated that diffusion was the dominant mechanism, and the fitting results for the release kinetics confirmed that the release profiles were governed by the Higuchi model. The contact angle and specific surface area were the key properties that affect the release of essential oils from emulsions. Hydrophilic A200 was found to be capable of delivering essential oils more efficiently, and silica particles could be extended to achieve the controlled release of bioactives. This study showed that understanding the impact of silica particles on the release behavior provided the basis for modulating and mapping material properties to optimize the performance of emulsion products.
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Li M, Li X, Li C, Liu H, Wang W, Bai L, Chen H, Yang L. Silica-based Janus nanosheets for self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sakellari GI, Zafeiri I, Pawlik A, Kurukji D, Taylor P, Norton IT, Spyropoulos F. Independent co-delivery of model actives with different degrees of hydrophilicity from oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions stabilised by solid lipid particles via a Pickering mechanism: a-proof-of-principle study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:644-649. [PMID: 33220956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The development of vehicles for the co-encapsulation of actives with diverse characteristics and their subsequent controllable co-delivery is gaining increasing research interest. Predominantly centred around pharmaceutical applications, the majority of such co-delivery approaches have been focusing on solid formulations and less so on liquid-based systems. Simple emulsions can be designed to offer a liquid-based microstructural platform for the compartmentalised multi-delivery of actives. EXPERIMENTS In this work, solid lipid nanoparticle stabilised Pickering emulsions were used for the co-encapsulation/co-delivery of two model actives with different degrees of hydrophilicity. Lipid particles containing a model hydrophobic active were prepared in the presence of either Tween 20 or whey protein isolate, and were then used to stabilise water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions, containing a secondary model active within their dispersed phase. FINDINGS Solid lipid nanoparticles prepared with either type of emulsifier were able to provide stable emulsions. Release kinetic data fitting revealed that different co-delivery profiles can be achieved by controlling the surface properties of the lipid nanoparticles. The current proof-of-principle study presents preliminary data that confirm the potential of this approach to be utilised as a flexible liquid-based platform for the segregated co-encapsulation and independent co-release of different combinations of actives, either hydrophobic/hydrophilic or hydrophobic/hydrophobic, with diverse release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia I Sakellari
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Ioanna Zafeiri
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Aleksandra Pawlik
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel Kurukji
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Phil Taylor
- Formulation Technology Group, Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Warfield, Bracknell RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Ian T Norton
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fotis Spyropoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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