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Weerasinghe J, Prasad K, Mathew J, Trifoni E, Baranov O, Levchenko I, Bazaka K. Carbon Nanocomposites in Aerospace Technology: A Way to Protect Low-Orbit Satellites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111763. [PMID: 37299666 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in space technology and reduced launching cost led companies, defence and government organisations to turn their attention to low Earth orbit (LEO) and very low Earth orbit (VLEO) satellites, for they offer significant advantages over other types of spacecraft and present an attractive solution for observation, communication and other tasks. However, keeping satellites in LEO and VLEO presents a unique set of challenges, in addition to those typically associated with exposure to space environment such as damage from space debris, thermal fluctuations, radiation and thermal management in vacuum. The structural and functional elements of LEO and especially VLEO satellites are significantly affected by residual atmosphere and, in particular, atomic oxygen (AO). At VLEO, the remaining atmosphere is dense enough to create significant drag and quicky de-orbit satellites; thus, thrusters are needed to keep them on a stable orbit. Atomic oxygen-induced material erosion is another key challenge to overcome during the design phase of LEO and VLEO spacecraft. This review covered the corrosion interactions between the satellites and the low orbit environment, and how it can be minimised through the use of carbon-based nanomaterials and their composites. The review also discussed key mechanisms and challenges underpinning material design and fabrication, and it outlined the current research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janith Weerasinghe
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Karthika Prasad
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Joice Mathew
- Advanced Instrumentation and Technology Centre, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eduardo Trifoni
- Advanced Instrumentation and Technology Centre, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Oleg Baranov
- Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Engineering and Robomechanical Systems, National Aerospace University, 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Levchenko
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Plasma Sources and Application Centre, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Kateryna Bazaka
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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Chen X, Zhang X, Chen J, Bai W, Zheng X, Lin Q, Lin F, Xu Y. Two-dimensional lamellar polyimide/cardanol-based benzoxazine copper polymer composite coatings with excellent anti-corrosion performance. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10766-10777. [PMID: 35425021 PMCID: PMC8988169 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08844k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The economic loss and environmental damage caused by metal corrosion is irreversible. Thus, effective methods, such as coating technologies are used to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. In this work, cardanol-based benzoxazine (CB) was synthesized by a solvent-free method using cardanol, paraformaldehyde and n-octylamine. A cardanol-based benzoxazine copper polymer (CBCP) with good mechanical properties was then prepared by CuCl2 catalysis and can be cured at room temperature. Subsequently, polyimide corrosion inhibitors with a two-dimensional sheet structure (pyromellitic dianhydride polyimide (PDPI) and 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride polyimide (NDPI)) were designed and prepared. Lastly, PDPI or NDPI was mixed with CBCP to obtain two-dimensional lamellar polyimide/cardanol-based benzoxazine copper polymer composite coatings. The Tafel curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed composite coatings with good corrosion resistance in different corrosive media. Compared to CBCP coating, the anticorrosion performance of the composite coatings improved obviously, especially the coating obtained with 0.5 wt% PDPI. It exhibits a high polarization resistance (3.874 × 109 Ω), a high protection efficiency (99.99% and 97.98%) and low corrosion rate (3.376 × 10-6 mm year-1). This work suggested a facile and eco-friendly strategy for preparing bio-based anticorrosive composite coatings from low cost and abundant cardanol and polyimide corrosion inhibitors, which will significantly promote their application in metal anticorrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 PR China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China
| | - Jipeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 PR China
| | - Weibin Bai
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Qi Lin
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Fengcai Lin
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yanlian Xu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
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