1
|
Niu C, Fan S, Chen X, He Z, Dai L, Wen Z, Li M. Preparation and Performance Evaluation of a Supramolecular Polymer Gel-Based Temporary Plugging Agent for Heavy Oil Reservoir. Gels 2024; 10:536. [PMID: 39195065 DOI: 10.3390/gels10080536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
When encountering heavy oil reservoirs during drilling, due to the change in pressure difference inside the well, heavy oil will invade the drilling fluid, and drilling fluid will spill into the reservoir along the formation fractures, affecting the drilling process. A supramolecular polymer gel-based temporary plugging agent was prepared using acrylamide (AM), butyl acrylate (BA), and styrene (ST) as reacting monomers, N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking agent, ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a non-covalent component. A supermolecular polymer gel with a temperature tolerance of 120 °C and acid solubility of 90% was developed. The experimental results demonstrated that a mechanically robust, thermally stable supramolecular polymer gel was successfully synthesized through the copolymerization of AM, BA, and ST, as well as the in situ formation hydrogen bonding between poly (AM-co-BA-co-ST) and PVA, leading to a three-dimensional entangled structure. The gel-forming solution possessed excellent gelling performance even in the presence of a high content of salt and heavy oil, demonstrating superior resistance to salt and heavy oil under harsh reservoir conditions. High-temperature and high-pressure plugging displacement experiments proved that the supramolecular polymer gel exhibited high pressure-bearing capacity, and the blocking strength reached 5.96 MPa in a wedge-shaped fracture with a length of 30 cm. Furthermore, the dissolution rate of the supramolecular polymer gel was as high as 96.2% at 120 °C for 48 h under a 15% HCl solution condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Niu
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Institute of Northwest Petroleum Branch, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Sheng Fan
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Institute of Northwest Petroleum Branch, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Institute of Northwest Petroleum Branch, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zhong He
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Institute of Northwest Petroleum Branch, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Liyao Dai
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhibo Wen
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Meichun Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zou H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li J, Wu L, Su G, Yu X, Yang H. Synthesis and Performance Study of Self-Degradable Gel Plugging Agents Suitable for Medium- and Low-Temperature Reservoirs. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33702-33709. [PMID: 39130592 PMCID: PMC11307281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of current similar hydrogel plugging agents, such as poor breaking performance, nonspontaneous degradation, and reservoir pollution which have been plaguing their application in temporary plugging operations, this study has synthesized a cross-linking agent for hydrogels with dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and dibromo-p-xylene as raw materials. With Fourier transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analyses as representations of the structure and thermal stability of the cross-linking agent, a set of self-degrading hydrogel systems has been developed with the cross-linking agent as the core so as to make evaluations on the temperature resistance, plugging performance, and core damage performance of the hydrogel and conduct a study on its gelation kinetics. The research results show that the cross-linking agent shows good thermal stability. When applied in the hydrogel system, the hydrogel has shown high temperature resistance, maintaining gel strength for 5-10 days at 50-90 °C, with viscosity after complete degradation lower than 10 mPa·s. The excellent bearing strength of the hydrogel system has led to a core damage rate below 5%. The study on gelation kinetics of the hydrogel system shows that, with the increase in the concentration of the cross-linking agent, the gelation time of the hydrogel system is shortened, with the reaction order between the cross-linker concentration and the gelation time at about 0.6 under the condition of 50-90 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Zou
- Technology
and Engineering Research Institute of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering
Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability
Oil and Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
| | - Yugong Wang
- Technology
and Engineering Research Institute of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering
Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability
Oil and Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Technology
and Engineering Research Institute of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering
Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability
Oil and Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Technology
and Engineering Research Institute of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering
Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability
Oil and Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
| | - Long Wu
- Technology
and Engineering Research Institute of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering
Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability
Oil and Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
| | - Gaoshen Su
- School
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- School
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang F, Liu J, Ji R, Yu X, Yang H, Su G. Degradable Gel for Temporary Plugging in High Temperature Reservoir and Its Properties. Gels 2024; 10:445. [PMID: 39057468 PMCID: PMC11275334 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although various degradable gel materials have been developed for temporary plugging in oil fields, they often degrade too quickly in high-temperature environments. To address this issue, an unstable crosslinker was synthesized to prepare a high-temperature degradable gel. This gel does not degrade excessively fast at high temperatures. Temperature and crosslinker concentration are the primary factors influencing gel degradation time, followed by monomer and initiator concentrations. Increased temperature and decreased crosslinker concentration both reduce degradation time, which can be adjusted within the range of 90-130 °C by varying the crosslinker concentration. The molecular structure and thermal stability of the degradable gel were analyzed using FTIR, 13C NMR, and TG. Furthermore, the viscoelastic properties, compressive performance, plugging performance, and core damage performance of the gel were evaluated. Within the test range of 0.1-1000 Pa, the storage modulus is higher than the loss modulus. The gel prepared at 130 °C exhibited a compressive stress of 0.25 MPa at 50% strain. The plugging pressure of the gel in sand-filled tubes with varying permeabilities (538.2-2794.1 mD) exceeded 15 MPa while maintaining a core damage rate below 5%. SEM analysis indicated that the degradation mechanism of the gel may involve the collapse of its three-dimensional network structure due to the hydrolysis of amide groups in the crosslinker. The viscosity of the degradation liquid was below 11 mPa·s, enabling it to be brought back to the surface with the formation fluid without the need for further breaking operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China; (F.Y.); (J.L.)
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China; (F.Y.); (J.L.)
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Renjing Ji
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (R.J.); (H.Y.); (G.S.)
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (R.J.); (H.Y.); (G.S.)
- HuBei Engineering Research Centers for Clean Production and Pollution Control of Oil and Gas Fields, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (R.J.); (H.Y.); (G.S.)
- HuBei Engineering Research Centers for Clean Production and Pollution Control of Oil and Gas Fields, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Gaoshen Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (R.J.); (H.Y.); (G.S.)
- HuBei Engineering Research Centers for Clean Production and Pollution Control of Oil and Gas Fields, Jingzhou 434023, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Almakimi A, Ben Ali A, Hussein IA, Bai B. Evaluation of Novel Preformed Particle Gel System for Conformance Control in Mature Oil Reservoirs. Gels 2024; 10:70. [PMID: 38247792 PMCID: PMC10815741 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To address challenges associated with excessive water production in mature oil reservoirs, this study introduces a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based material as a novel preformed particle gel (PPG) designed to plug excessive water pathways and redistribute the subsequent injected water toward unswept zones. Through microwave-assisted grafting copolymerization of CMC with acrylamide (AM), we successfully generated multi-sized dry particles within the range of 250-800 µm. Comprehensive analyses, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have confirmed the chemical composition and morphology of the resulting carboxymethyl cellulose-grafted crosslinked polyacrylamide (CMC/PAMBA). Swelling kinetics and rheology tests were conducted to confirm the ability of this novel PPG system to perform at different reservoir conditions. The results of core flooding experiments showed that the CMC/PAMBA PPG is capable of plugging open fractures with a water breakthrough pressure gradient of up to 144 psi/ft. This preformed particle gel (PPG) system was designed specifically for application in Middle East reservoirs, which are distinguished by high salinity and elevated temperature levels. This PPG system is able to swell up to 10 times its original size in seawater and maintain a strength of about 1300 Pa at a temperature of 80 °C. Further optimization is conceivable to enhance injection efficiency and achieve superior plugging outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Almakimi
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;
| | - Ahmed Ben Ali
- Gas Processing Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.B.A.); (I.A.H.)
| | | | - Baojun Bai
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ni X, Cao R, He W, Zhao J, Yan C. Laboratory Evaluation of a Low-Damage Authigenic Mud Acid System for Bai-823 Well Block. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46490-46498. [PMID: 38107886 PMCID: PMC10719913 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the problem of single and poor adaptability of Bai-823 plugging removal system, an authigenic mud acid system using methyl formate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium fluoride as raw materials is proposed, which can adapt to the temperature of 60-80 °C of the target reservoir and sandstone lithology. The acid-generating capacity of the authigenic acid system at different temperatures was evaluated. The results showed that the H+ concentration remained at 3.35 mol/L after 180 min at 80 °C, which indicated that authigenic acid could generate acid continuously and thus be competent for acidizing and plugging removal of further wells. The corrosion rate of authigenic acid to N80 steel was further investigated. When 2 wt % SA1-3B corrosion inhibitor was used, the corrosion rate was only 0.15 g/(m2·h). At the same time, the corrosion capacities of authigenic acid to rock core and scale samples were studied, which were 19.38 and 93.81%, respectively, indicating that the authigenic acid system realized pipeline and reservoir friendliness when it was able to effectively remove plugging. Finally, a core displacement experiment was carried out to simulate reservoir acidizing for plugging removal. The results showed that the core permeability increased from 1.00 to 1.63 after acidizing modification with authigenic acid. All of the above studies show that a kind of authigenic mud acid has been successfully prepared, and a new idea for the authigenic acid system has been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Ni
- The
Second Oil Production Plant, Xinjiang Oilfield
Company, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Runxin Cao
- The
Second Oil Production Plant, Xinjiang Oilfield
Company, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weifeng He
- The
Second Oil Production Plant, Xinjiang Oilfield
Company, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinming Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue,
Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaozong Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue,
Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu H, Zhang L, Wang J, Jiang H. Evaluation of Self-Degradation and Plugging Performance of Temperature-Controlled Degradable Polymer Temporary Plugging Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3732. [PMID: 37765586 PMCID: PMC10537348 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporary plugging diversion fracturing (TPDF) technology has been widely used in various oil fields for repeated reconstruction of high-water-cut old oil wells and horizontal well reservoir reconstruction. Previous studies have carried out in-depth study on the pressure-bearing law and placement morphology of different types of temporary plugging agents (TPAs) in fractures, but there are relatively few studies on TPA accumulation body permeability. To solve this problem, an experimental device for evaluating the TPA performance with adjustable fracture pores is proposed in this paper. Based on the test of fracturing fluid breaking time and residue content, the low damage of fracturing fluid to the reservoir is determined. The TPA degradation performance test determines whether the TPA causes damage to the hydraulic fracture after the temporary plugging fracturing. Finally, by testing the TPA pressure-bearing capacity and the temporary plugging aggregation body permeability, the plugging performance and the aggregation body permeability are determined. The results show the following: (1) Guar gum fracturing fluid shows good gel-breaking performance under the action of breaking agent, and the recommended concentration of breaking agent is 300 ppm. At 90~120 °C, the degradation rate of the three types of TPAs can reach more than 65%, and it can be effectively carried into the wellbore during the fracturing fluid flowback stage to achieve the effect of removing the TPA in the fracture. (2) The results of the pressure-bearing performance of the TPA show that the two kinds of TPAs can quickly achieve the plugging effect after plugging start: the effect of ZD-2 (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)) particle-and-powder combined TPA on forming an effective temporary plugging accumulation body in fractures is better than that of ZD-1 (PLGA) pure powder. There are large pores between the particles, and the fracturing fluid can still flow through the pores, so the ZD-3 (a mixture of lactide and PLGA) granular temporary plugging agent cannot form an effective plugging. (3) The law of length of the temporary plugging accumulation body shows that the ZD-2 combined TPA has stronger plugging ability for medium-aperture simulated fracture pores, while the ZD-1 powder TPA has stronger plugging ability for small aperture simulated fracture pores, and the ZD-3 granular TPA should be avoided alone as far as possible. This study further enriches and improves the understanding of the mechanism of temporary plugging diverting fracturing fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Xu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Liangjun Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Houshun Jiang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu J, Fu H, Luo Z, Chen W, Liu F, Zhao M. Preparation and performance of pH-temperature responsive low-damage gel temporary plugging agent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.130990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
8
|
Yuan Z, Cao Z, Wu R, Xu Q, Xu H, Wu H, Jin B, Wu W, Zheng J, Wu J. Mechanically robust and rapidly degradable hydrogels for temporary water plugging in oilfields. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhenxing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qiongjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Haitao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Biqiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li D, Li F, Liu J, Liu C, Su G, Yang H, Yu X. Synthesis and properties of
PAM
/
PLA
composite degradable particle temporary plugging agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing China
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Beijing China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing China
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Beijing China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing China
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Beijing China
| | - Chong Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yangtze University Jingzhou Hubei China
| | - Gaoshen Su
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yangtze University Jingzhou Hubei China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yangtze University Jingzhou Hubei China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yangtze University Jingzhou Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luo M, Si X, Li M, Huang Y, Li Q, Li C. Experimental study on the temporary plugging performance of magnetic responsive hydrogel in hydraulic fracturing of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Experimental Study on Physicochemical Properties of a Shear Thixotropic Polymer Gel for Lost Circulation Control. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040229. [PMID: 35448129 PMCID: PMC9030644 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer gel lost circulation control technology is a common and effective technique to control fractured lost circulation. The performance of a lost circulation control agent is the key to the success of lost circulation control techniques. In this study, rheological tests were used to study the physical and chemical properties of a shear thixotropic polymer gel system, such as anti-dilution, high temperature resistance and high salt resistance. The results showed that the shear thixotropic polymer gel system had the ability of anti-dilution, and the gel could be formed under a mixture of 3 times volume of heavy salt water and 3/7 volume white oil, and could keep the structure and morphology stable. Secondly, the gel formation time of shear thixotropic polymer gel system could be controlled and had good injection performance under the condition of 140 °C and different initiator concentrations. Meanwhile, the shear thixotropic polymer gel system had the ability of high temperature and high salt resistance, and the gel formation effect was good in salt water. When the scanning frequency was 4 Hz and the temperature was 140 °C, the storage modulus (G′) of the gel was 4700 Pa. The gel was dominated by elasticity and had excellent mechanical properties. By scanning electron microscope observation, it was found that the shear thixotropic polymer gel system had a stable three-dimensional reticular space skeleton under the condition of high salt, indicating that it had excellent ability to tolerate high salt. Therefore, the shear thixotropic polymer gel had high temperature and high salt resistance, dilution resistance and good shear responsiveness. It is believed that the results presented in this work are of importance for extending real-life applications of shear thixotropic polymer gel systems.
Collapse
|