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Xie Z, Gao Q, Hussain S, Yang J, Li Q. Supermolecule Polymer Derived Porous Carbon Nitride Microspheres with Controllable Energy Band Structure for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309032. [PMID: 38072791 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Porous graphitic carbon nitride microsphere with large specific surface area and controllable energy band structure is synthesized via a simple method with the supermolecule polymer of melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA) as the intermediates. The energy band structure and morphology of carbon nitride are closely correlative to the calcination time. And the CN-20 catalyst fabricated by calcination for 20 h exhibit superior photocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under visible-light (λ ≥ 420 nm) irradiation. The photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical test results indicate that Pt is the optimum cocatalyst candidate compared with Pd, Ru, and Ag. Meanwhile, the time-dependent process of the intermediate pyrolysis to carbon nitride and the internal mechanism of photogenerated charge transfer between semiconductors and cocatalyst is investigated and supplemented by theoretical calculations. This work provides a novel and energy band structure controllable manufacture strategy for porous carbon nitride semiconductor with satisfying visible-light photocatalytic reduction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Xie
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qiuye Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Tian C, Yu H, Zhai R, Zhang J, Gao C, Qi K, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Guo M. Visible Light Photoactivity of g-C 3N 4/MoS 2 Nanocomposites for Water Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium. Molecules 2024; 29:637. [PMID: 38338381 PMCID: PMC10856395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Water pollution has becoming an increasingly serious issue, and it has attracted a significant amount of attention from scholars. Here, in order remove heavy metal hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from wastewater, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was modified with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) at different mass ratios via an ultrasonic method to synthesize g-C3N4/MoS2 (CNM) nanocomposites as photocatalysts. The nanocomposites displayed efficient photocatalytic removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from water under UV, solar, and visible light irradiation. The CNM composite with a 1:2 g-C3N4 to MoS2 ratio achieved optimal 91% Cr (VI) removal efficiency at an initial 20 mg/L Cr (VI) concentration and pH 3 after 120 min visible light irradiation. The results showed a high pH range and good recycling stability. The g-C3N4/MoS2 nanocomposites exhibited higher performance compared to pure g-C3N4 due to the narrowed band gap of the Z-scheme heterojunction structure and effective separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, as evidenced by structural and optical characterization. Overall, the ultrasonic synthesis of g-C3N4/MoS2 photocatalysts shows promise as an efficient technique for enhancing heavy metal wastewater remediation under solar and visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Tian
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (C.T.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Huijuan Yu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (C.T.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Ruiqi Zhai
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (C.T.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (C.T.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Cuiping Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (C.T.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China;
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (C.T.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Microbial Remediation Technology of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Mengxue Guo
- Resources and Environment Institute, Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College, Kunming 652501, China;
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Kang H, Washington A, Capobianco MD, Yan X, Cruz VV, Weed M, Johnson J, Johns G, Brudvig GW, Pan X, Gu J. Concentration-Dependent Photocatalytic Upcycling of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Plastic Waste. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2023; 5:3032-3041. [PMID: 37969139 PMCID: PMC10630977 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic plastic waste upcycling into value-added feedstock is a promising way to mitigate the environmental issues caused by the nondegradable nature of plastic waste. Here, we developed a MoS2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst that can efficiently upcycle poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into valuable organic chemicals. Interestingly, the conversion mechanism is concentration-dependent. For instance, at a low ethylene glycol (EG) concentration (7.96 mM), acetate is the main product. Unexpectedly, the conversion of PET water bottle hydrolysate with only 7.96 mM ethylene glycol (EG) can produce a 4 times higher amount of acetate (704.59 nmol) than the conversion of 300 mM EG (174.50 nmol), while at a higher EG concentration (300 mM), formate is the dominant product. Herein, a 40 times higher EG concentration (300 mM compared to 7.96 mM) would produce only ∼3 times more formate (179 nmol compared to 51.86 nmol). In addition, under natural sunlight conditions, comparable amounts of liquid and gaseous products are produced when commercial PET plastics are employed. Overall, the photocatalytic PET conversion process is quite efficient under a low concentration of EG in PET hydrolysate, indicating the enormous potential of this photocatalysis strategy for real plastics upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Kang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Audrey Washington
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Matt D. Capobianco
- Department
of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Xingxu Yan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vayle Vera Cruz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Melanie Weed
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Jackie Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Gonto Johns
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department
of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jing Gu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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Ahmad N, Kuo CFJ, Mustaqeem M, Sangili A, Huang CC, Chang HT. Synthesis of novel Type-II MnNb 2O 6/g-C 3N 4 Mott-Schottky heterojunction photocatalyst: Excellent photocatalytic performance and degradation mechanism of fluoroquinolone-based antibiotics. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138027. [PMID: 36736476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics have been encountered in aquatic environments in quantities giving rise to significant concern recently. To cope with this problem, it is necessary to design a semiconductor photocatalyst having excellent photocatalytic efficiency to eliminate the antibiotics. The heterojunction is a likely situate where the efficiency of relevant photocatalyst can be strengthened. In this study, the performance of MnNb2O6/g-C3N4 (MNO/g-CN) composites in the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline-HCl (TCH) antibiotics was explored. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of MNO/g-CN was found to be owing to electron's shifting between the MNO, and g-CN sheets, which promotes the formation of photo-generated e⁻/h⁺ pairs. This shows a low-waste, high-performance material exists to eradicate CIP and TCH from wastewater. Further, the structural, photochemical and light interacted properties of the MNO/g-CN photocatalyst, prepared by solvothermal method and sonication, were described using photochemical, physiochemical and electrochemical approaches. The synthesized photocatalyst owes its particular efficiency to its methodical photo-degradation of CIP and TC using visible light. The optimum composite 15% MNO/g-CN evinced the greatest photocatalytic efficiency with CIP and TCH photo-degradation of 94.10%, and 98.50%, respectively, and degradation mechanism were investigated using LC-MS spectroscopy. The suitable photocatalytic activity is ascribed to lower the recombination's rate of e⁻/h⁺ pairs. The scavenging evaluations proved that the h+ and •O2- were two major photoactive species accomplishing the CIP and TCH photodegradation over MNO/g-CN under visible region. Our findings pave the way for the construction of efficient binary photocatalysts for antibiotic restitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Feng Jeffrey Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Mujahid Mustaqeem
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, IOP Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Arumugam Sangili
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
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Recent Advances in g-C 3N 4-Based Materials and Their Application in Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010432. [PMID: 36615622 PMCID: PMC9823828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), with facile synthesis, unique structure, high stability, and low cost, has been the hotspot in the field of photocatalysis. However, the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 is still unsatisfactory due to insufficient capture of visible light, low surface area, poor electronic conductivity, and fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Thus, different modification strategies have been developed to improve its performance. In this review, the properties and preparation methods of g-C3N4 are systematically introduced, and various modification approaches, including morphology control, elemental doping, heterojunction construction, and modification with nanomaterials, are discussed. Moreover, photocatalytic applications in energy and environmental sustainability are summarized, such as hydrogen generation, CO2 reduction, and degradation of contaminants in recent years. Finally, concluding remarks and perspectives on the challenges, and suggestions for exploiting g-C3N4-based photocatalysts are presented. This review will deepen the understanding of the state of the art of g-C3N4, including the fabrication, modification, and application in energy and environmental sustainability.
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Zhang X, Liang H, Li C, Bai J. 1 D CeO2/g-C3N4 type II heterojunction for visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu Y, He L, Ni Y, Li G, Li D, Lin W, Wang Q, Li L, Yang H. Recent Progress on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-CN) Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2374. [PMID: 35889598 PMCID: PMC9321715 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), a promising visible-light-responsive semiconductor material, is regarded as a fascinating photocatalyst and heterogeneous catalyst for various reactions due to its non-toxicity, high thermal durability and chemical durability, and "earth-abundant" nature. However, practical applications of g-CN in photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photoelectronic devices are still in the early stages of development due to the difficulties in fabricating high-quality g-CN layers on substrates, wide band gaps, high charge-recombination rates, and low electronic conductivity. Various fabrication and modification strategies of g-CN-based films have been reported. This review summarizes the latest progress related to the growth and modification of high-quality g-CN-based films. Furthermore, (1) the classification of synthetic pathways for the preparation of g-CN films, (2) functionalization of g-CN films at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization), (3) modification of g-CN films with a co-catalyst, and (4) composite films fabricating, will be discussed in detail. Last but not least, this review will conclude with a summary and some invigorating viewpoints on the key challenges and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Liang He
- No. 5 Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yiqiang Ni
- No. 5 Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Genzhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Dongshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Qiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
- Yibin Research Institute, Jilin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Liuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
- Yibin Research Institute, Jilin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Haibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
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