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Ijaz I, Bukhari A, Gilani E, Nazir A, Zain H, Shaheen A, Shaik MR, Assal ME, Khan M. MXene, protein, and KCl-assisted ionic conductive hydrogels with excellent anti-freezing capabilities, self-adhesive, ultra-stretchability, and remarkable mechanical properties for a high-performance wearable flexible sensor. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21786-21798. [PMID: 38984257 PMCID: PMC11231829 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02707h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing a hydrogel with switchable features and freeze tolerance is remarkably significant for designing flexible electronics to adjust various application needs. Herein, MXenes, AFPs (antifreeze proteins), and potassium chloride (KCl) were introduced to a polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer network to design an anti-freezing hydrogel. The ionic hydrogels are characterized by excellent ionic conductivity, presenting adjustable properties of remarkable mechanical strength and self-adhesion to meet individualized application demands. The capability of KCl and AFPs to inhibit ice crystals gives hydrogels with anti-icing properties under a low-temperature atmosphere. The PAM/MXene15/AFP30/KCl15 hydrogel demonstrated negligible hysteresis behavior, quick electromechanical response (0.10 s), and excellent sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 13.1 within the strain range of 1200-2000%). The resulting hydrogel could be immobilized on the animal or human skin to detect different body movements and physiological motions, offering reproducibility and precise accuracy as primary advantages. The approach of developing materials with tunable features, along with inorganic salt and the fish-inspired freeze-tolerance method, offers a new prospect for wearable gadgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ijaz
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj University Lahore Lahore 54700 Pakistan
| | - Aysha Bukhari
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj University Lahore Lahore 54700 Pakistan
| | - Ezaz Gilani
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj University Lahore Lahore 54700 Pakistan
| | - Ammara Nazir
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj University Lahore Lahore 54700 Pakistan
| | - Hina Zain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Attia Shaheen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Assal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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2
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Ni Y, Chen J, Chen K. Flexible vanillin-polyacrylate/chitosan/mesoporous nanosilica-MXene composite film with self-healing ability towards dual-mode sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122042. [PMID: 38616072 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Manufacturing flexible sensors with prominent mechanical properties, multifunctional sensing abilities, and remarkable self-healing capabilities remains a difficult task. In this study, a novel vanillin-modified polyacrylate (VPA), which is capable of forming green dynamic covalent crosslinking with chitosan (CS), was synthesized. The synthesized VPA was combined with mesoporous silica-modified MXene (AMS-MXene) and covalently cross-linked simultaneously with CS, resulting in the formation of a flexible composite conductive film designed for dual-mode sensors. Due to the multidimensional structure formed by the mesoporous silica and MXene layers, the resulting composite film is not only suitable for strain sensing but also excels in gas response sensing. Most importantly, the composite films demonstrate a remarkable self-healing capability through reversible dynamic covalent bonds, specifically Schiff base bonds, coupled with multiple hydrogen bonding interactions with AMS-MXene. This robust self-repair functionality remains effective even at a low temperature of 30 °C. Additionally, the synergistic antibacterial effect exerted by vanillin and CS in the film can endow the composite sensor with excellent antimicrobial properties. This multifunctional composite film holds tremendous potential for applications in green flexible wearable sensors. Furthermore, it can show diverse applications in a wide variety of fields, driving advances in wearable technology and human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhou Ni
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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3
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Iravani S, Varma RS. MXenes for Bioinspired Soft Actuators: Advancements in Angle-Independent Structural Colors and Beyond. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:142. [PMID: 38436795 PMCID: PMC10912076 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Soft actuators have garnered substantial attention in current years in view of their potential appliances in diverse domains like robotics, biomedical devices, and biomimetic systems. These actuators mimic the natural movements of living organisms, aiming to attain enhanced flexibility, adaptability, and versatility. On the other hand, angle-independent structural color has been achieved through innovative design strategies and engineering approaches. By carefully controlling the size, shape, and arrangement of nanostructures, researchers have been able to create materials exhibiting consistent colors regardless of the viewing angle. One promising class of materials that holds great potential for bioinspired soft actuators is MXenes in view of their exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. The integration of MXenes for bioinspired soft actuators with angle-independent structural color offers exciting possibilities. Overcoming material compatibility issues, improving color reproducibility, scalability, durability, power supply efficiency, and cost-effectiveness will play vital roles in advancing these technologies. This perspective appraises the development of bioinspired MXene-centered soft actuators with angle-independent structural color in soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Das P, Marvi PK, Ganguly S, Tang XS, Wang B, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR, Rosenkranz A. MXene-Based Elastomer Mimetic Stretchable Sensors: Design, Properties, and Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:135. [PMID: 38411801 PMCID: PMC10899156 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces. One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials. MXenes, a new family of 2D nanomaterials, have been drawing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conductivity, processability, mechanical robustness and chemical tunability. In this review, we encompass the fabrication of MXene-based polymeric nanocomposites, their structure-property relationship, and applications in the flexible sensor domain. Moreover, our discussion is not only limited to sensor design, their mechanism, and various modes of sensing platform, but also their future perspective and market throughout the world. With our article, we intend to fortify the bond between flexible matrices and MXenes thus promoting the swift advancement of flexible MXene-sensors for wearable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poushali Das
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Parham Khoshbakht Marvi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Shirley Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Chair of Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department for Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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5
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Sayyad PW, Park SJ, Ha TJ. Bioinspired nanoplatforms for human-machine interfaces: Recent progress in materials and device applications. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108297. [PMID: 38061687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The panoramic characteristics of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have prompted the needs to update the biotechnology community with the recent trends, developments, and future research direction toward next-generation bioelectronics. Bioinspired materials are promising for integrating various bioelectronic devices to realize HMIs. With the advancement of scientific biotechnology, state-of-the-art bioelectronic applications have been extensively investigated to improve the quality of life by developing and integrating bioinspired nanoplatforms in HMIs. This review highlights recent trends and developments in the field of biotechnology based on bioinspired nanoplatforms by demonstrating recently explored materials and cutting-edge device applications. Section 1 introduces the recent trends and developments of bioinspired nanomaterials for HMIs. Section 2 reviews various flexible, wearable, biocompatible, and biodegradable nanoplatforms for bioinspired applications. Section 3 furnishes recently explored substrates as carriers for advanced nanomaterials in developing HMIs. Section 4 addresses recently invented biomimetic neuroelectronic, nanointerfaces, biointerfaces, and nano/microfluidic wearable bioelectronic devices for various HMI applications, such as healthcare, biopotential monitoring, and body fluid monitoring. Section 5 outlines designing and engineering of bioinspired sensors for HMIs. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for next-generation bioinspired nanoplatforms in extending the potential on HMIs are discussed for a near-future scenario. We believe this review can stimulate the integration of bioinspired nanoplatforms into the HMIs in addition to wearable electronic skin and health-monitoring devices while addressing prevailing and future healthcare and material-related problems in biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha W Sayyad
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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6
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Abstract
MXenes with their unique electronic, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties have shown great promise in soft robotics. MXene-based soft actuators have been designed to display ultrafast actuations and recovery speeds as well as angle-independent structural colors in response to vapor. Several studies have developed soft actuators by combining MXenes with other materials to mimic the movement of natural organisms. Thus, MXene-based soft actuators have the potential to revolutionize the field of soft robotics and flexible electronics (e.g., wearable devices and artificial muscles). MXene-based artificial muscles have been explored for use in kinetic soft robotics as actuators in microsystems requiring exceptional compliance. MXene-based sensors and actuators have already been developed for human-like sensors and photodetection. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed in such applications, such as the design of stretchable and compliant robotic skins with a high-level functional integration for soft robotics. The integration of various devices, such as power sources, sensors, and actuators, into soft robotics is another crucial challenge. Despite the excellent stretchability and tensile strength of MXene-based composites, there is a vital need to develop their mechanical and electrochemical features and grant them multi-functionalities. Herein, recent developments pertaining to the applications of MXenes and their composites in soft robotics are discussed with a focus on the important challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran.
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Saeidi M, Chenani H, Orouji M, Adel Rastkhiz M, Bolghanabadi N, Vakili S, Mohamadnia Z, Hatamie A, Simchi A(A. Electrochemical Wearable Biosensors and Bioelectronic Devices Based on Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:823. [PMID: 37622909 PMCID: PMC10452289 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors (HWEBs) are emerging biomedical devices that have recently received immense interest. The exceptional properties of HWEBs include excellent biocompatibility with hydrophilic nature, high porosity, tailorable permeability, the capability of reliable and accurate detection of disease biomarkers, suitable device-human interface, facile adjustability, and stimuli responsive to the nanofiller materials. Although the biomimetic three-dimensional hydrogels can immobilize bioreceptors, such as enzymes and aptamers, without any loss in their activities. However, most HWEBs suffer from low mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Many studies have been performed on emerging electroactive nanofillers, including biomacromolecules, carbon-based materials, and inorganic and organic nanomaterials, to tackle these issues. Non-conductive hydrogels and even conductive hydrogels may be modified by nanofillers, as well as redox species. All these modifications have led to the design and development of efficient nanocomposites as electrochemical biosensors. In this review, both conductive-based and non-conductive-based hydrogels derived from natural and synthetic polymers are systematically reviewed. The main synthesis methods and characterization techniques are addressed. The mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of HWEBs are discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects and potential applications of HWEBs in biosensing, healthcare monitoring, and clinical diagnostics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Hossein Chenani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Mina Orouji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - MahsaSadat Adel Rastkhiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nafiseh Bolghanabadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Shaghayegh Vakili
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdolreza (Arash) Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
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8
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Chen K, Lai W, Xiao W, Li L, Huang S, Xiao X. Low-Temperature Adaptive Dual-Network MXene Nanocomposite Hydrogel as Flexible Wearable Strain Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1563. [PMID: 37630100 PMCID: PMC10456329 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronic devices and conductive materials can be used as wearable sensors to detect human motions. However, the existing hydrogels generally have problems of weak tensile capacity, insufficient durability, and being easy to freeze at low temperatures, which greatly affect their application in the field of wearable devices. In this paper, glycerol was partially replaced by water as the solvent, agar was thermally dissolved to initiate acrylamide polymerization, and MXene was used as a conductive filler and initiator promoter to form the double network MXene-PAM/Agar organic hydrogel. The presence of MXene makes the hydrogel produce more conductive paths and enforces the hydrogel's higher conductivity (1.02 S·m-1). The mechanical properties of hydrogels were enhanced by the double network structure, and the hydrogel had high stretchability (1300%). In addition, the hydrogel-based wearable strain sensor exhibited good sensitivity over a wide strain range (GF = 2.99, 0-200% strain). The strain sensor based on MXene-PAM/Agar hydrogel was capable of real-time monitoring of human movement signals such as fingers, wrists, arms, etc. and could maintain good working conditions even in cold environments (-26 °C). Hence, we are of the opinion that delving into this hydrogel holds the potential to broaden the scope of utilizing conductive hydrogels as flexible and wearable strain sensors, especially in chilly environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Wenzhong Lai
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Wangchuan Xiao
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Lumin Li
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Shijun Huang
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Xiufeng Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Zarepour A, Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Zarrabi A, Iravani S. Self-Healing MXene- and Graphene-Based Composites: Properties and Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:100. [PMID: 37052734 PMCID: PMC10102289 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Today, self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications. Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites with enhanced sensitivity, stretchability, and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity, healing efficacy, mechanical properties, and energy conversion efficacy. These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors, supercapacitors, anticorrosive coatings, electromagnetic interference shielding, electronic-skin, soft robotics, etc. However, it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability, suitable adhesiveness, ideal durability, high stretchability, immediate self-healing responsibility, and outstanding electromagnetic features. Besides, optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated. MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area, which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications. However, flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications. Herein, the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites are deliberated, focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahān, 81746-73461, Iran.
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Tian Z, Qin W, Wang Y, Li X, Gu C, Chen J, Yang M, Feng L, Chen J, Qiao H, Yin S. Ultra-stable strain/ humidity dual-functional flexible wearable sensor based on brush-like AgNPs@CNTs@TPU heterogeneous structure. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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11
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Li W, Fan Q, Chai C, Chu Y, Hao J. Ti3C2-MXene Ionogel with Long-Term Stability and High Sensitivity for Wearable Piezoresistive Sensors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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12
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Amara U, Hussain I, Ahmad M, Mahmood K, Zhang K. 2D MXene-Based Biosensing: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205249. [PMID: 36412074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MXene emerged as decent 2D material and has been exploited for numerous applications in the last decade. The remunerations of the ideal metallic conductivity, optical absorbance, mechanical stability, higher heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and good redox capability have made MXene a potential candidate for biosensing applications. The hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, antifouling, and anti-toxicity properties have opened avenues for MXene to perform in vitro and in vivo analysis. In this review, the concept, operating principle, detailed mechanism, and characteristic properties are comprehensively assessed and compiled along with breakthroughs in MXene fabrication and conjugation strategies for the development of unique electrochemical and optical biosensors. Further, the current challenges are summarized and suggested future aspects. This review article is believed to shed some light on the development of MXene for biosensing and will open new opportunities for the future advanced translational application of MXene bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umay Amara
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Muhmmad Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Hou N, Zhao Y, Jiang R, Nie L, Yang J, Wang Y, Li L, Li X, Zhang W. Flexible piezoresistive sensor based on surface modified dishcloth fibers for wearable electronics device. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Koyappayil A, Chavan SG, Roh YG, Lee MH. Advances of MXenes; Perspectives on Biomedical Research. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070454. [PMID: 35884257 PMCID: PMC9313156 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The last decade witnessed the emergence of a new family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides named MXenes, which quickly gained momentum due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, optical, and tunable functionalities. These outstanding properties also rendered them attractive materials for biomedical and biosensing applications, including drug delivery systems, antimicrobial applications, tissue engineering, sensor probes, auxiliary agents for photothermal therapy and hyperthermia applications, etc. The hydrophilic nature of MXenes with rich surface functional groups is advantageous for biomedical applications over hydrophobic nanoparticles that may require complicated surface modifications. As an emerging 2D material with numerous phases and endless possible combinations with other 2D materials, 1D materials, nanoparticles, macromolecules, polymers, etc., MXenes opened a vast terra incognita for diverse biomedical applications. Recently, MXene research picked up the pace and resulted in a flood of literature reports with significant advancements in the biomedical field. In this context, this review will discuss the recent advancements, design principles, and working mechanisms of some interesting MXene-based biomedical applications. It also includes major progress, as well as key challenges of various types of MXenes and functional MXenes in conjugation with drug molecules, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric substrates, and other macromolecules. Finally, the future possibilities and challenges of this magnificent material are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Koyappayil
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (A.K.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Sachin Ganpat Chavan
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (A.K.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Yun-Gil Roh
- Department of Convergence in Health and Biomedicine, Chungbuk University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (A.K.); (S.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5503; Fax: +82-2-814-2651
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Shak Sadi M, Kumpikaitė E. Advances in the Robustness of Wearable Electronic Textiles: Strategies, Stability, Washability and Perspective. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122039. [PMID: 35745378 PMCID: PMC9229712 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronic textiles are the future of wearable technology with a diverse application potential inspired by the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve all aspects of wearer life by replacing traditional bulky, rigid, and uncomfortable wearable electronics. The inherently prominent characteristics exhibited by textile substrates make them ideal candidates for designing user-friendly wearable electronic textiles for high-end variant applications. Textile substrates (fiber, yarn, fabric, and garment) combined with nanostructured electroactive materials provide a universal pathway for the researcher to construct advanced wearable electronics compatible with the human body and other circumstances. However, e-textiles are found to be vulnerable to physical deformation induced during repeated wash and wear. Thus, e-textiles need to be robust enough to withstand such challenges involved in designing a reliable product and require more attention for substantial advancement in stability and washability. As a step toward reliable devices, we present this comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art advances in substrate geometries, modification, fabrication, and standardized washing strategies to predict a roadmap toward sustainability. Furthermore, current challenges, opportunities, and future aspects of durable e-textiles development are envisioned to provide a conclusive pathway for researchers to conduct advanced studies.
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