1
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Kakadia PG, Conway BR. Design and development of essential oil based nanoemulsion for topical application of triclosan for effective skin antisepsis. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:554-564. [PMID: 35666086 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2087085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The skin acts as physical barrier to protect the body from external physical and chemical environment. When skin is infected, the outer epidermal barrier is compromised and colonized with microbial growth. Wound infection presents an immense burden in healthcare costs and decreased quality of life for patients. Topical application of nanoemulsions (NE) at pathological sites offers the potential advantage of direct drug delivery to the skin including potential for follicular targeting. This may have application in the improvement of skin antisepsis. In this study, NEs of triclosan (TSN) were prepared using hot high shear homogenization followed by ultrasonication. The oil phases comprised eucalyptus oil (EO) and olive oil (OO) and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams used to select optimum concentrations of surfactant. EO-based NEs had smaller droplet size and higher entrapment efficiency compared to OO-based NEs. Skin permeation was higher for EO-containing formulations, likely due to higher solubility of TSN in EO, smaller droplet size, low viscosity, and permeation enhancement effects of EO. Significantly, TSN was retained within the skin, demonstrating the potential of NEs for targeting hair follicular delivery within the skin, which may help improve the success of topical antisepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha G Kakadia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Barbara R Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.,Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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2
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Punicalagin and Ketogenic Amino Acids Loaded Organic Lipid Carriers Enhance the Bioavailability, Mitochondrial β-Oxidation, and Ketogenesis in Maturing Adipocytes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030368. [PMID: 35159714 PMCID: PMC8839784 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The identification of lipolytic bioactive compounds via the functional stimulation of carbohydrate response element-binding protein-1 (CREBp-1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is most warranted. Nano lipid carriers (NLCs) are currently being considered within drug delivery development as they facilitate controlled drug release and have intracellular bioavailability after encapsulating the active principles with lipid matrix. The present study has been designed to synthesize punicalagin, and ketogenic amino acids (KAA) loaded with organic lipid carriers to optimize the liposome-assisted intracellular delivery’s bioavailability. Punicalagin (PUNI) and KAA (tryptophan, methionine, threonine, lysine, and leucine) were encapsulated with chia seed phospholipids by homogenization, emulsification, and cold ultra-sonication method to obtain nano lipid carriers (NLC). The physicochemical characterization of NLCs has been carried out using Zetasizer, FT-IR, and TEM analysis. Punicalagin and ketogenic amino acid-loaded NLCs (NLC-PUNI-KAA) were identified with an average diameter of 240 to 800 nm. The biosafety of NLC-PUNI-KAA has been evaluated in human mesenchymal stem cells. PI staining confirmed that a 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6μg/dL dose of NLC-PUNI-KAA potentially maintains nuclear integration. NLC-PUNI-KAA treated with maturing adipocytes decreased lipid accumulation and significantly increased the gene expression levels of fatty acid beta-oxidation (PPARγC1α, UCP-1 and PRDM-16) pathways when compared to free PUNI (5 μg/dL) treatment. The lipolytic potential has been confirmed by the functional activation of AMPK and CREBp-1 protein levels. In conclusion, NLC-PUNI-KAA treatment effectively increased mitochondrial efficiency more than free punicalagin or orlistat treated maturing adipocyte. Enhanced lipolysis and decreased hypertrophic adipocyte resulted in decreased adipokine secretion, which has been associated with the suppression of obesity-associated comorbidities and vascular cell inflammation. The bioefficacy and lipolytic potential of water-soluble punicalagin have been improved after functional modification into NLCs.
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3
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de Souza Guedes L, Martinez RM, Bou-Chacra NA, Velasco MVR, Rosado C, Baby AR. An Overview on Topical Administration of Carotenoids and Coenzyme Q10 Loaded in Lipid Nanoparticles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1034. [PMID: 34206935 PMCID: PMC8300771 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and coenzyme Q10 are naturally occurring antioxidant compounds that are also found in human skin. These bioactive compounds have been the focus of considerable research due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and photoprotective properties. In this review, the current state of the art in the encapsulation of carotenoids and coenzyme Q10 in lipid nanoparticles to improve their bioavailability, chemical stability, and skin absorption is discussed. Additionally, the main findings are highlighted on the cytotoxic and photoprotective effects of these systems in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana de Souza Guedes
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
| | - Renata Miliani Martinez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
| | - Nádia A. Bou-Chacra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
| | - Maria Valéria Robles Velasco
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
| | - Catarina Rosado
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
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4
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Maretti E, Leo E, Rustichelli C, Truzzi E, Siligardi C, Iannuccelli V. In vivo β-carotene skin permeation modulated by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120322. [PMID: 33549810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) were investigated with the purpose of promoting skin permeation of the highly lipophilic β-carotene (BC) across the stratum corneum (SC) barrier so that it may perform its antioxidant properties in photo-aging and epithelial skin cancer prevention. Two differently sized NLC samples were developed using stearic acid and squalene as lipid matrix and evaluated in comparison with Microstructured Lipid Carriers (MLC). The carriers were characterized for morphology, size, Z-potential, BC loading and release as well as physical state by means of DSC and XRPD analyses. In vivo penetration of the carriers was assessed on humans by determining BC concentrations within the SC stratum disjunctum and stratum compactum layers removed by means of the tape stripping test in comparison with pure BC. Unlike MLC and pure BC that were mostly retained within the outermost layers of the SC, the NLC sample having the smallest size (about 200 nm) has proved to penetrate more deeply into the SC barrier. Accordingly, the goal of providing β-carotene actions against oxidative damages within the looser skin viable tissues could be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Eliana Leo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Rustichelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Cristina Siligardi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Valentina Iannuccelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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5
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Maghsoudi S, Taghavi Shahraki B, Rabiee N, Fatahi Y, Bagherzadeh M, Dinarvand R, Ahmadi S, Rabiee M, Tahriri M, Hamblin MR, Tayebi L, Webster TJ. The colorful world of carotenoids: a profound insight on therapeutics and recent trends in nano delivery systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3658-3697. [PMID: 33399020 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of carotenoids as dietary supplements to control or even treat some specific diseases including diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular diseases, bacterial infections, as well as breast, prostate, and skin cancer are discussed in this review and also thoughts on future research for their widespread use are emphasized. From the stability standpoint, carotenoids have low bioavailability and bioaccessibility owing to their poor water solubility, deterioration in the presence of environmental stresses such as oxygen, light, and high heat as well as rapid degradation during digestion. Nanoencapsulation technologies as wall or encapsulation materials have been increasingly used for improving food product functionality. Nanoencapsulation is a versatile process employed for the protection, entrapment, and the delivery of food bioactive products including carotenoids from diverse environmental conditions for extended shelf lives and for providing controlled release. Therefore, we present here, recent (mostly during the last five years) nanoencapsulation methods of carotenoids with various nanocarriers. To us, this review can be considered as the first highlighting not only the potential therapeutic effects of carotenoids on various diseases but also their most effective nanodelivery systems.HighlightsBioactive compounds are of deep interest to improve food properties.Carotenoids (such as β-carotene and xanthophylls) play indispensable roles in maintaining human health and well-being.A substantial research effort has been carried out on developing beneficial nanodelivery systems for various carotenoids.Nanoencapsulation of carotenoids can enhance their functional properties.Stable nanoencapsulated carotenoids could be utilized in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Maghsoudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Garg NK, Tandel N, Bhadada SK, Tyagi RK. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Aceclofenac Hydrogel Present an Effective Therapeutic Approach for Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713616. [PMID: 34616297 PMCID: PMC8488093 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aceclofenac (ACE), a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, is the derivative of the diclofenac group that has been in use for the symptomatic treatment of systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Partial solubility, high lipophilic nature, and stability challenge its use in developing topical formulations. Hence, we developed and characterized nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based ACE (ACE-NLC) hydrogel for an efficient transdermal delivery. NLC microemulsion was prepared using different lipids by various methods and was characterized with respect to particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology, and drug encapsulation efficiency. The optimized NLC formulation was incorporated into Carbopol® 940 gel, and this arrangement was characterized and compared with the existing marketed gel (Mkt-gel) formulation to assess in vitro drug release, rheology, texture profile, in vivo skin retention and permeation, and stability. Furthermore, prepared and characterized ACE-loaded NLC formulation was evaluated for skin integrity and fitted in a dermatokinetic model. The results of this study confirmed the spherical shape; smooth morphology and nanometric size attested by Zetasizer and scanning and transmission electron microcopy; and stability of the ACE-NLC formulation. The ACE-NLC-gel formulation showed good rheological and texture characteristics, and better skin distribution in the epidermis and dermis. Moreover, ACE-NLC permeated deeper in the skin layers and kept the skin integrity intact. Overall, NLC-based gel formulation of ACE might be a promising nanoscale lipid carrier for topical application when compared with the conventional Mkt-gel formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K. Garg
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Tyagi, ,
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7
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Yang C, Yan H, Jiang X, Xu H, Tsao R, Zhang L. Preparation of 9 Z-β-Carotene and 9 Z-β-Carotene High-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Characterization and Storage Stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13844-13853. [PMID: 33164495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cis (Z)-β-carotenes with 25.3% 9Z-β-carotene were prepared for nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The optimal conditions for NLC preparation using an orthogonal experimental method were as follows: the total lipid concentration was 9% (w/v), the surfactant concentration was 1.4% (w/v), the solid to liquid lipid ratio was 3:1 (w/w), and the homogenization pressure was set at 500 bar for three cycles. Under these conditions, the encapsulation efficiency (%) of the NLC was 95.64%, and the total β-carotene in NLCs was 2.9 mg/mL, which was significantly higher than those reported by others. The proportion of total Z-β-carotenes was as high as 53.3%, the particle size was 191 ± 6.46 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.2 ± 0.03. Storage stability results indicated that the β-carotene-loaded NLC stabilizes both 9Z-β-carotene and total β-carotene from leakage and degradation during 21 days of storage at pH 3.5-7.5 at low temperatures (4 °C), especially for the more bioactive 9Z-β-carotene. The technique with an improved ratio of 9Z-β-carotene, loading capacity, water solubility, and bioaccessibility of the β-carotene NLC provides an effective strategy for β-carotene applications in functional foods or beverages and in nutraceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongxiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Huaneng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Lianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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8
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Oliveira DRB, Furtado GDF, Cunha RL. Solid lipid nanoparticles stabilized by sodium caseinate and lactoferrin. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Production and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles containing lycopene for food fortification. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 55:287-298. [PMID: 29358821 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lycopene, was loaded on nanostructured lipid carrier and solid lipid nanoparticles using combination of high shear homogenization and ultrasonication method. Effect of applied lipids types, nanocarrier's type and lycopene loading on physicochemical properties of developed nanocarriers were studied. Particle sizes of developed nanocarriers were between 74.93 and 183.40 nm. Encapsulation efficiency of nanostructured lipid carrier was significantly higher than solid lipid nanoparticles. Morphological study of developed nanocarriers using scanning electron microscopy showed spherical nanoparticles with smooth surface. Lycopene was entrapped in nanocarriers without any chemical interaction with coating material according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum and differential scanning calorimetry thermogram. Glycerol monostearate containing nanoparticles showed phase separation after 30 days in 6 and 25 °C, whereas this event was not observed in nanosuspensions that produced by glycerol distearate. Lycopene release in gastrointestinal condition was studied by the dialysis bag method. To evaluate nanocarrier's potential for food fortification, developed lycopene-loaded nanocarriers were added to orange drink. Results of sensory analysis indicated that nanoencapsulation could obviate the poor solubility and tomato after taste of lycopene. Fortified sample with lycopene nanocarriers didn't show significant difference with blank orange drink sample except in orange odor.
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10
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Michelon M, Oliveira DRB, de Figueiredo Furtado G, Gaziola de la Torre L, Cunha RL. High-throughput continuous production of liposomes using hydrodynamic flow-focusing microfluidic devices. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 156:349-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Soukoulis C, Bohn T. A comprehensive overview on the micro- and nano-technological encapsulation advances for enhancing the chemical stability and bioavailability of carotenoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1-36. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.971353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Soukoulis
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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12
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Bhise K, Kashaw SK, Sau S, Iyer AK. Nanostructured lipid carriers employing polyphenols as promising anticancer agents: Quality by design (QbD) approach. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:506-515. [PMID: 28502895 PMCID: PMC5577003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are several hurdles in cancer therapy because of side-effects which limits its usage. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been tested against cancer in a range of scientific studies. In the recent years, advanced research on Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) has garnered considerable attention owing to the advantages over their first-generation counterparts, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN). NLCs facilitate efficient loading of poorly water soluble drugs with simple methods of drug loading. Recently, there is an increased interest in polyphenols because of the evidence of their promising role in prevention of cancer. Polyphenols are produced as secondary metabolites by plants. Their role in prevention of development of tumors through variety of mechanisms and reduction of tumor cell mass has been reported. This article aims to review the science behind development of NLCs and role of polyphenols as promising anticancer agents. Principles of Quality by Design (QbD) have also been explained which are used in formulation-development of many nanoparticles, including NLCs, as reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Bhise
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Kashaw
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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13
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Li Q, Cai T, Huang Y, Xia X, Cole SPC, Cai Y. A Review of the Structure, Preparation, and Application of NLCs, PNPs, and PLNs. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7060122. [PMID: 28554993 PMCID: PMC5485769 DOI: 10.3390/nano7060122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) that retain the characteristics of the SLN, improve drug stability and loading capacity, and prevent drug leakage. Polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) are an important component of drug delivery. These nanoparticles can effectively direct drug delivery to specific targets and improve drug stability and controlled drug release. Lipid–polymer nanoparticles (PLNs), a new type of carrier that combines liposomes and polymers, have been employed in recent years. These nanoparticles possess the complementary advantages of PNPs and liposomes. A PLN is composed of a core–shell structure; the polymer core provides a stable structure, and the phospholipid shell offers good biocompatibility. As such, the two components increase the drug encapsulation efficiency rate, facilitate surface modification, and prevent leakage of water-soluble drugs. Hence, we have reviewed the current state of development for the NLCs’, PNPs’, and PLNs’ structures, preparation, and applications over the past five years, to provide the basis for further study on a controlled release drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tiange Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Yinghong Huang
- GuangzhouGuoyu Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xi Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Susan P C Cole
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Cancer Research Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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14
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Mohammadi M, Pezeshki A, Mesgari Abbasi M, Ghanbarzadeh B, Hamishehkar H. Vitamin D 3-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as a Potential Approach for Fortifying Food Beverages; in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:61-71. [PMID: 28507938 PMCID: PMC5426735 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) composed of solid lipid and oil are a new generation of lipid nanoparticles which have exhibited some merits over traditional used lipid nanoparticles in fortifying food and beverages and nutraceuticals delivery systems such as liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. Methods: In this study, Precirol and Compritol as solid lipids, Miglyol and Octyloctanoat as liquid lipids, Tween80, Tween20 and Poloxamer407 as surfactants were used to prepare vitamin D3-loaded NLC dispersion using hot homogenization method. The particle size and size distribution for all formulations were evaluated by immediately after production and during a storage period of 60 days. Results: The Precirol-based NLC showed superiority over Compritol-based NLC in the point of physical stability. Results clearly suggested that an optimum concentration of 3% of Poloxamer407 or 2% of Tween20 was sufficient to cover the surface of nanoparticles effectively and prevent agglomeration during the homogenization process. Octyloctanoat was introduced for the first time as a good substituent for Miglyol in the preparation of NLC formulations. The vitamin D3 Intestinal absorption enhanced by the incorporating in NLCs. Conclusion: It was concluded that NLC showed a promising approach for fortifying beverages by lipophilic nutraceuticals such as vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohammadi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akram Pezeshki
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Babak Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Oliveira DRB, Michelon M, de Figueiredo Furtado G, Sinigaglia-Coimbra R, Cunha RL. β-Carotene-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers produced by solvent displacement method. Food Res Int 2016; 90:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Khan S, Shaharyar M, Fazil M, Baboota S, Ali J. Tacrolimus-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for oral delivery – Optimization of production and characterization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 108:277-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Michelon M, Mantovani RA, Sinigaglia-Coimbra R, de la Torre LG, Cunha RL. Structural characterization of β-carotene-incorporated nanovesicles produced with non-purified phospholipids. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Garg NK, Sharma G, Singh B, Nirbhavane P, Katare OP. Quality by Design (QbD)-Based Development and Optimization of a Simple, Robust RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Methotrexate. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1087409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K. Garg
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Formulation Research, Ipca Laboratories Limited, Kandivli Industrial Estate Ltd., Kandivli (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradip Nirbhavane
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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19
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20
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Modulating effect of lipid bilayer-carotenoid interactions on the property of liposome encapsulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:172-180. [PMID: 25747311 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have become an attractive alternative to encapsulate carotenoids to improve their solubility, stability and bioavailability. The interaction mechanism of carotenoid with lipid bilayer is one of the major concerns in improving the delivery efficiency of liposomes. In this study, the microstructure and carotenoid encapsulation efficiency of liposomes composed of native phospholipid (egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, EYPC) and nonionic surfactant Tween 80 were investigated by atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of carotenoid incorporation on the physical properties of liposomal membrane were performed by Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence polarization, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Results showed that the incorporation of carotenoids affected the liposomes morphology, size and size distribution to various extents. Analysis on the Raman characteristic peaks of carotenoids revealed that lutein exhibited the strongest incorporating ability into liposomes, followed by β-carotene, lycopene, and canthaxanthin. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that carotenoids modulated the dynamics, structure and hydrophobicity of liposomal membrane, highly depending on their molecular structures and incorporated concentration. These modulations were closely correlated with the stabilization of liposomes, including mediating particle aggregation and fusion. These findings should guide the rationale designing for liposomal encapsulation technology to efficiently deliver carotenoids in pharmaceutics, nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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21
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Kyadarkunte AY, Patole MS, Pokharkar VB. Cellular interactions and photoprotective effects of idebenone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers stabilized using PEG-free surfactant. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Modulation of the carotenoid bioaccessibility through liposomal encapsulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:692-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Cortés-Rojas DF, Souza CR, Oliveira WP. Encapsulation of eugenol rich clove extract in solid lipid carriers. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Gutiérrez FJ, Albillos SM, Casas-Sanz E, Cruz Z, García-Estrada C, García-Guerra A, García-Reverter J, García-Suárez M, Gatón P, González-Ferrero C, Olabarrieta I, Olasagasti M, Rainieri S, Rivera-Patiño D, Rojo R, Romo-Hualde A, Sáiz-Abajo MJ, Mussons ML. Methods for the nanoencapsulation of β-carotene in the food sector. Trends Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Tamjidi F, Shahedi M, Varshosaz J, Nasirpour A. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC): A potential delivery system for bioactive food molecules. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Loo C, Basri M, Ismail R, Lau H, Tejo B, Kanthimathi M, Hassan H, Choo Y. Effect of compositions in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) on skin hydration and occlusion. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 8:13-22. [PMID: 23293516 PMCID: PMC3534299 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s35648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the effects of varying lipid concentrations, lipid and oil ratio, and the addition of propylene glycol and lecithin on the long-term physical stability of nanostructured lipid nanocarriers (NLC), skin hydration, and transepidermal water loss. Methods The various NLC formulations (A1–A5) were prepared and their particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, and stability were analyzed. The formulations were applied on the forearms of the 20 female volunteers (one forearm of each volunteer was left untreated as a control). The subjects stayed for 30 minutes in a conditioned room with their forearms uncovered to let the skin adapt to the temperature (22°C ± 2°C) and humidity (50% ± 2%) of the room. Skin hydration and skin occlusion were recorded at day one (before treatment) and day seven (after treatment). Three measurements for skin hydration and skin occlusion were performed in each testing area. Results NLC formulations with the highest lipid concentration, highest solid lipid concentration, and additional propylene glycol (formulations A1, A2, and A5) showed higher physical stability than other formulations. The addition of propylene glycol into an NLC system helped to reduce the particle size of the NLC and enhanced its long-term physical stability. All the NLC formulations were found to significantly increase skin hydration compared to the untreated controls within 7 days. All NLC formulations exhibited occlusive properties as they reduced the transepidermal water loss within 7 days. This effect was more pronounced with the addition of propylene glycol or lecithin into an NLC formulation, whereby at least 60% reduction in transepidermal water loss was observed. Conclusion NLCs with high lipid content, solid lipid content, phospholipid, and lecithin are a highly effective cosmetic delivery system for cosmetic topical applications that are designed to boost skin hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Loo
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Serdang, Malaysia
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27
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Iqbal MA, Md S, Sahni JK, Baboota S, Dang S, Ali J. Nanostructured lipid carriers system: recent advances in drug delivery. J Drug Target 2012; 20:813-30. [PMID: 22931500 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.716845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) is second generation smarter drug carrier system having solid matrix at room temperature. This carrier system is made up of physiological, biodegradable and biocompatible lipid materials and surfactants and is accepted by regulatory authorities for application in different drug delivery systems. The availability of many products in the market in short span of time reveals the success story of this delivery system. Since the introduction of the first product, around 30 NLC preparations are commercially available. NLC exhibit superior advantages over other colloidal carriers viz., nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, SLN etc. and thus, have been explored to more extent in pharmaceutical technology. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes NLC versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The present review gives insights on the definitions and characterization of NLC as colloidal carriers including the production techniques and suitable formulations. This review paper also highlights the importance of NLC in pharmaceutical applications for the various routes of drug delivery viz., topical, oral, pulmonary, ocular and parenteral administration and its future perspective as a pharmaceutical carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asif Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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28
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Yusuf M, Khan RA, Khan M, Ahmed B. Plausible antioxidant biomechanics and anticonvulsant pharmacological activity of brain-targeted β-carotene nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4311-21. [PMID: 22915852 PMCID: PMC3419510 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene has been established as a known free radical scavenger with chain-breaking antioxidant properties. It has been documented for the treatment of epileptic convulsions at a 200 mg/kg body weight dose. The reported pathogenesis for epileptic convulsions is oxidative stress. Hence, experimental epileptic convulsions via oxidative stress was induced in albino mice epileptic models (maximal electroshock seizure and pentylenetetrazole [PTZ]). A dose concentration equivalent to 2 mg/kg was efficaciously administered in the form of brain-targeted polysorbate-80-coated poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and further characterized for their physical parameters, in-vitro release kinetics, and in-vivo brain release via various standard methods. Normal β-carotene nanoparticles (BCNP) and polysorbate-80-coated β-carotene nanoparticles (P-80-BCNP) of 169.8 ± 4.8 nm and 176.3 ± 3.2 nm in size, respectively, were formulated and characterized. Their zeta potential and polydispersity index were subsequently evaluated after 5 months of storage to confirm stability. In vivo activity results showed that a 2 mg unformulated β-carotene dose was ineffective as an anticonvulsant. However, salutary response was reported from BCNP at the same dose, as the hind limb duration decreased significantly in maximal electroshock seizure to 9.30 ± 0.86 seconds, which further decreased with polysorbate-80 coating to 2.10 ± 1.16 seconds as compared to normal control (15.8 ± 1.49 seconds) and placebo control (16.50 ± 1.43 seconds). In the PTZ model, the duration of general tonic-clonic seizures reduced significantly to 2.90 ± 0.98 seconds by the use of BCNP and was further reduced on P-80-BCNP to 1.20 ± 0.20 seconds as compared to PTZ control and PTZ-placebo control (8.09 ± 0.26 seconds). General tonic-clonic seizures latency was increased significantly to 191.0 ± 9.80 seconds in BCNP and was further increased in P-80-BCNP to 231.0 ± 16.30 seconds, as compared to PTZ (120.10 ± 4.50 seconds) and placebo control (120.30 ± 7.4 seconds). The results of this study demonstrate a plausible novel anticonvulsant activity of β-carotene at a low dose of 2 mg/kg, with brain-targeted nanodelivery, thus increasing its bioavailability and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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