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Saha S, Mishra A. Rutin-loaded polymeric nanorods alleviate nephrolithiasis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Food Funct 2022; 13:3632-3648. [PMID: 35262112 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycrystalline aggregates formed in the glomerulus or other components of the urinary system represent the most critical step in kidney stone formation. The most common form of these crystals is calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC2O4·H2O). Rutin is a potent antioxidant phytochemical, however, hydrophobicity and limited bioavailability restrain it from clinical applications. We developed a biocompatible amphiphilic triblock copolymer, PLGA-PEG-PLGA-loaded rutin nanorods, by simple and efficient self-assembly. Incorporation of polymer changed the topology of crystalline rutin into nanorods with non-Fickian sustained drug release kinetics by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and thermodynamically non-spontaneous release of rutin. Rutin nanorods changed the growth and morphology of CaC2O4 crystals from the monohydrate to dihydrate form by increased adsorption and specific surface area from 0.8027 to 5.4233 m2 g-1, respectively. Rutin nanorods restored cell viability and oxidative stress in MDCK cells by modulating OPN expression and counteracts the proinflammatory signaling in THP-1 macrophages triggered by CaC2O4 crystals (80 μg cm-2). Rutin nanorods resulted in significant protection in serum and urinary biochemistry with reduced calcifications and increased tissue viability of kidneys without any toxicity and achieved high bioavailability. Our data provide a facile strategy for the use of rutin nanorods as a targeted drug system to treat and prevent renal stone formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, India.
| | - Abhijit Mishra
- Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, India.
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2
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Zhao JJ, Zhang YF, Zhao TL, Li H, Yao QZ, Fu SQ, Zhou GT. Abiotic Formation of Calcium Oxalate under UV Irradiation and Implications for Biomarker Detection on Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:35-48. [PMID: 35020413 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A major objective in the exploration of Mars is to test the hypothesis that the planet has ever hosted life. Biogenic compounds, especially biominerals, are believed to serve as biomarkers in Raman-assisted remote sensing missions. However, the prerequisite for the development of these minerals as biomarkers is the uniqueness of their biogenesis. Herein, tetragonal bipyramidal weddellite, a type of calcium oxalate, is successfully achieved by UV-photolyzing pyruvic acid (PA). The as-prepared products are identified and characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Persistent mineralization of weddellite is observed with altering key experimental parameters, including pH, Ca2+ and PA concentrations. In particular, the initial concentration of PA can significantly influence the morphology of weddellite crystal. Oxalate acid is commonly of biological origin; thus calcium oxalate is considered to be a biomarker. However, our results reveal that calcium oxalate can be harvested by a UV photolysis pathway. Moreover, prebiotic sources of organics (e.g., PA, glycine, alanine, and aspartic acid) have been proven to be available through abiotic pathways. Therefore, our results may provide a new abiotic pathway of calcium oxalate formation. Considering that calcium oxalate minerals have been taken as biosignatures for the origin and early evolution of life on Earth and astrobiological investigations, its formation and accumulation by the photolysis of abiological organic compounds should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Han Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Tao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
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3
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Chmiel JA, Stuivenberg GA, Alathel A, Gorla J, Grohe B, Razvi H, Burton JP, Bjazevic J. High-Throughput in vitro Gel-Based Plate Assay to Screen for Calcium Oxalate Stone Inhibitors. Urol Int 2021; 106:616-622. [PMID: 34883484 DOI: 10.1159/000519842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kidney stones are a common medical condition that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. Approximately, ∼80% of urinary calculi are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx). There is a growing interest toward identifying therapeutic compounds that can inhibit the formation of CaOx crystals. However, some chemicals (e.g., antibiotics and bacterial metabolites) may directly promote crystallization. Current knowledge is limited regarding crystal promoters and inhibitors. Thus, we have developed an in vitro gel-based diffusion model to screen for substances that directly influence CaOx crystal formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used double diffusion of sodium oxalate and calcium chloride-loaded paper disks along an agar medium to facilitate the controlled formation of monohydrate and dihydrate CaOx crystals. A third disk was used for the perpendicular diffusion of a test substance to assess its influence on CaOx crystal formation. RESULTS We confirmed that citrates and magnesium are effective inhibitors of CaOx crystals. We also demonstrated that 2 strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli are able to promote crystal formation. While the other tested uropathogens and most antibiotics did not change crystal formation, ampicillin was able to reduce crystallization. CONCLUSION We have developed an inexpensive and high-throughput model to evaluate substances that influence CaOx crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerrit A Stuivenberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdulaziz Alathel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaswanth Gorla
- Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernd Grohe
- Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bjazevic
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Vincent KM, Azzopardi PV, Mittler S, Grohe B. The solubility of calcium oxalates explains some aspects of their underrepresentation in the oral cavity. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104965. [PMID: 33157495 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clarifying the discrepancy between frequently high oxalate concentrations present in saliva, but negligible amounts of calcium oxalate deposits found on oral surfaces. METHODS Studying the calcium oxalate concentration range that can lead to heterogeneous crystallization in the oral cavity. a) Minimum: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) seed crystals were pre-grown ([Ca2+] = [C2O42-] = 1 mM, 30 min, 37 °C), and then re-immersed for ≥6 h to find the solubility equilibrium concentration (no growth, no dissolution). The concentrations tested were [Ca2+]/[C2O42-] : 0.055/0.050, 0.060/0.055, 0.070/0.065 and 0.080/0.075 mM. Supersaturations were calculated via the Debye-Hückel-theory and COM morphologies examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). b) Maximum (at the heterogeneous/homogeneous crystallization equilibrium): hydroxyapatite (HA) seed crystals were used to heterogeneously crystallize COM (37 °C, 24 h), using oxalate concentrations between 0.2 and 0.5 mM and calcium concentrations of 0.5 mM. COM-forming oxalate consumption was spectroscopically examined; COM precipitates were investigated by SEM; and HA identity was confirmed by X-ray analysis. RESULTS Within the concentration range of [Ca2+]/[C2O42-]:0.060/0.055 mM (minimum) and [Ca2+]/[C2O42-]:0.50/0.25 mM (maximum) COM precipitates heterogeneously. In terms of mass, this corresponds to a range of 8.04-36.53 mg/l (daily) or an average of 14.32 mg COM (mimicking e.g. plaque mineralization). Higher concentrations react homogeneously (mimicking precipitation within saliva). CONCLUSION In vivo, only ∼0.05 % oxalate present in saliva reacts with oral surfaces daily, corresponding to ∼0.0665 μmol/l or ∼9.72 μg COM per day. Calcium-consuming calcium phosphate formation and phosphoproteins such as statherin obviously hinder intraoral COM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Vincent
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Paul V Azzopardi
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Silvia Mittler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Bernd Grohe
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada.
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Montoya G, Lopez K, Arenas J, Zamora C, Hoz L, Romo E, Jiménez K, Arzate H. Nucleation and growth inhibition of biological minerals by cementum attachment protein-derived peptide (CAP-pi). J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3282. [PMID: 32840040 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is a highly regulated process where proteins/peptides-crystal interactions contribute to the shaping, phasing and aggregation of minerals. We have identified and synthesized a cementum attachment protein-derived peptide (CAP-pi), which corresponds to amino acids 40-53 of the N-terminal CAP domain (MASSDEDGTNGGAS) and its phosphorylated variant (MASpSpDEDGTNGGASp) (CAP-pip). The peptide is composed of polar and negatively charged amino acids, which are disordered, according to in silico analysis. Our results show that CAP-pi inhibits hydroxyapatite (HA) formation and growth. However, it possesses low capacity to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal growth. CAP-pip showed a stronger inhibitory effect on the formation and growth of HA. As well as a high capacity to inhibit calcium oxalate monohydrate growth, mainly due to adsorption on specific growth faces. Small peptides have many advantages over the full-size protein, including low-cost production and modulation characteristics that allow for structural changes. Our findings suggest that CAP-pip-derived peptide could possess therapeutic potential to prevent or treat pathological calcifications such as renal stones and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Montoya
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kevin Lopez
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Arenas
- Institute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Zamora
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lía Hoz
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Romo
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Jiménez
- Faculty of Chemistry, USAII, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Higinio Arzate
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang X, Liu Q, Chen W, Liu L. FGF adsorbed mesoporous bioactive glass with larger pores in enhancing bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:48. [PMID: 30982116 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is performed as a bone tissue engineering material because of its good bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoinducion characteristics. Here, we propose MBG with larger pores (MBG-L) adsorbed fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to facilitate osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Specifically, we observed that MBG-L promotes calcium deposit precipitation in vitro. In addition, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization were promoted after osteoblast cultured on MBG-L/FGF. Interestingly, we found that the transcriptional activity of the critical transcription factor Runx2 was increased through MAPK pathway after osteoblast cultured on MBG-L/FGF. Support for this result, we found that the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, Osteocalcin (Ocn), Osteopontin (Opn), and Runx2 were increased. Thus, our findings provided that MBG-L/FGF could be a promising new material in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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7
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Incorporation of osteopontin peptide into kidney stone-related calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals: a quantitative study. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:425-440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-01105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Sivaguru M, Saw JJ, Williams JC, Lieske JC, Krambeck AE, Romero MF, Chia N, Schwaderer AL, Alcalde RE, Bruce WJ, Wildman DE, Fried GA, Werth CJ, Reeder RJ, Yau PM, Sanford RA, Fouke BW. Geobiology reveals how human kidney stones dissolve in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13731. [PMID: 30213974 PMCID: PMC6137216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 10% of the global human population is now afflicted with kidney stones, which are commonly associated with other significant health problems including diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Nearly 70% of these stones are primarily composed of calcium oxalate, a mineral previously assumed to be effectively insoluble within the kidney. This has limited currently available treatment options to painful passage and/or invasive surgical procedures. We analyze kidney stone thin sections with a combination of optical techniques, which include bright field, polarization, confocal and super-resolution nanometer-scale auto-fluorescence microscopy. Here we demonstrate using interdisciplinary geology and biology (geobiology) approaches that calcium oxalate stones undergo multiple events of dissolution as they crystallize and grow within the kidney. These observations open a fundamentally new paradigm for clinical approaches that include in vivo stone dissolution and identify high-frequency layering of organic matter and minerals as a template for biomineralization in natural and engineered settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayandi Sivaguru
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl Zeiss Labs@Location Partner, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Jessica J Saw
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - James C Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amy E Krambeck
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael F Romero
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas Chia
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew L Schwaderer
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reinaldo E Alcalde
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - William J Bruce
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Glenn A Fried
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl Zeiss Labs@Location Partner, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Charles J Werth
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Richard J Reeder
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Peter M Yau
- Protein Sciences, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Sanford
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bruce W Fouke
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl Zeiss Labs@Location Partner, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Chien YC, Mansouri A, Jiang W, Khan SR, Gray JJ, McKee MD. Modulation of calcium oxalate dihydrate growth by phosphorylated osteopontin peptides. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:131-144. [PMID: 30016645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a significant component of kidney stone matrix and a key modulator of stone formation. Here, we investigated the effects of different phosphorylated states of a synthesized peptide of OPN (the ASARM peptide; acidic, serine- and aspartate-rich motif) on calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals, a major mineral phase of kidney stones. In vitro, phosphorylated OPN-ASARM peptides strongly inhibited COD crystal growth in solution as compared to the nonphosphorylated state, with increasing inhibitory potency correlating with the degree of peptide phosphorylation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the inhibition from the phosphopeptides resulted in distinctive, rosette-like crystal aggregates called spherulites. The OPN-ASARM peptides preferentially bound and specifically inhibited the {1 1 0} crystallographic faces of COD, as identified by combining atomic force microscopy and computational simulation approaches. These {1 1 0} surfaces of COD have high lattice calcium occupancy (exposure), providing preferential binding sites for the highly acidic peptides; binding and inhibition by OPN-ASARM peptides at the {1 1 0} faces led to crystal aggregation and intergrowth. The crystal spherulite formations obtained in vitro when using the most phosphorylated form of OPN-ASARM peptide at a high concentration, resembled crystal morphologies observed in vivo in a rat model of urolithiasis, in which crystal deposits in the kidney contain abundant OPN as revealed by immunogold labeling. A mechanistic model for spherulite formation is proposed based on the symmetry and crystallographic structure of COD, where the phosphate groups of OPN-ASARM bind to calcium atoms at [1 1 1] step risers on the COD {1 1 0} surface, inducing the periodic emergence of new COD crystals to form spherulites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Mansouri
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wenge Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Saeed R Khan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Grohe B. RETRACTED: Synthetic peptides derived from salivary proteins and the control of surface charge densities of dental surfaces improve the inhibition of dental calculus formation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Hoac B, Nelea V, Jiang W, Kaartinen MT, McKee MD. Mineralization-inhibiting effects of transglutaminase-crosslinked polymeric osteopontin. Bone 2017; 101:37-48. [PMID: 28428079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) belongs to the SIBLING family (Small, Integrin-Binding LIgand N-linked Glycoproteins) of mineral-binding matrix proteins found in bones and teeth. OPN is a well-known inhibitor of matrix mineralization, and enzymatic modification of OPN can affect this inhibitory function. In bone, OPN exists both as a monomer and as a high-molecular-weight polymer - the latter is formed by transglutaminase-mediated crosslinking of glutamine and lysine residues in OPN to create homotypic protein assemblies. OPN can be covalently crosslinked by transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and Factor XIII-A. Polymeric OPN has increased binding to collagen and promotes osteoblast adhesion, but despite these initial observations, its role in mineralization is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of polymerized OPN on mineralization using a hydroxyapatite crystal growth assay and mineralizing MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures. In the cultures, endogenous polymeric OPN was detected after mineralization occurred. In cell-free conditions, TG2 was used to crosslink bovine OPN into its polymeric form, and atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering revealed variably-sized, large branched aggregates ranging across hundreds of nanometers. These OPN polymers inhibited the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals in solution at concentrations similar to monomeric OPN, although the crosslinking slightly reduced its inhibitory potency. When added to MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures, this exogenous polymeric OPN essentially did not inhibit mineralization when given during the later mineralization stages of culture; however, cultures treated early and then continuously with polymeric OPN throughout both the matrix assembly and mineral deposition stages showed reduced mineralization. Immunoblotting of protein extracts from these continuously treated cultures revealed exogenous OPN polymers incorporated into mature matrix that had not yet mineralized. These results suggest that in bone, the increased size and branched structure of crosslinked inhibitory polymeric OPN near the mineralization front could hinder it from accessing focal mineralization sites in the dense collagen-rich matrix, suggesting that OPN-crosslinking into polymers may represent a way to fine-tune the inhibitory potency of OPN on bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Hoac
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valentin Nelea
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wenge Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Bazin D, Leroy C, Tielens F, Bonhomme C, Bonhomme-Coury L, Damay F, Le Denmat D, Sadoine J, Rode J, Frochot V, Letavernier E, Haymann JP, Daudon M. Hyperoxaluria is related to whewellite and hypercalciuria to weddellite: What happens when crystalline conversion occurs? CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Langdon A, Grohe B. The osteopontin-controlled switching of calcium oxalate monohydrate morphologies in artificial urine provides insights into the formation of papillary kidney stones. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:296-306. [PMID: 27362921 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The protein osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in preventing the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) kidney stones. To gain insight into these mechanisms, crystallization was induced by addition of human kidney OPN to artificial urine (ionic strength comparable to urine; without citrate), and the OPN-COM interaction studied using a combination of scanning electron (SEM) and confocal microscopy. By SEM, we found that increasing OPN concentrations formed large monoclinic penetration twins (no protein added) and, at higher concentrations (1-, 2μg/ml OPN), super and hyper twins with crystal habits not found in previous studies. For instance, the hyper twins indicate well-facetted gearwheel-like habits with "teeth" developed in all crystallographic <h0l> directions. At OPN concentrations ≥2μg/ml, a switching to small dumbbell-shaped COM habits with fine-textured surfaces occurred. Confocal microscopy of these dumbbells indicates protein incorporation in almost the entire crystal structure (in contrast to facetted COM), proposing a threshold concentration of ∼2μg/ml OPN for the facetted to the non-facetted habit transformation. Both the gearwheel-like and the dumbbell-shaped habit are again found side-by-side (presumably triggered by OPN concentration gradients within the sample) in in-vitro formed conglomerates, which resemble cross-sections of papillary kidney stones. The abrupt transformation from facetted to non-facetted habits and the unique compliance of the two in-vitro formed habits with the two main morphologies found in papillary kidney stones propose that OPN is a main effector in direct stone-forming processes. Moreover, stone structures which exhibit these two morphologies side-by-side might serve as a novel indicator for OPN concentrations surrounding those structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Langdon
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada, Canada.
| | - Bernd Grohe
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada, Canada; Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada, Canada.
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14
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Current and potential applications of host-defense peptides and proteins in urology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:189016. [PMID: 25815308 PMCID: PMC4359858 DOI: 10.1155/2015/189016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics has become increasingly disfavored as more multidrug resistant pathogens are on the rise. A promising alternative to the use of these conventional drugs includes antimicrobial peptides or host-defense peptides. These peptides typically consist of short amino acid chains with a net cationic charge and a substantial portion of hydrophobic residues. They mainly target the bacterial cell membrane but are also capable of translocating through the membrane and target intracellular components, making it difficult for bacteria to gain resistance as multiple essential cellular processes are being targeted. The use of these peptides in the field of biomedical therapies has been examined, and the different approaches to using them under various settings are constantly being discovered. In this review, we discuss the current and potential applications of these host-defense peptides in the field of urology. Besides the use of these peptides as antimicrobial agents, the value of these biological molecules has recently been expanded to their use as antitumor and anti-kidney-stone agents.
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15
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Farmanesh S, Ramamoorthy S, Chung J, Asplin JR, Karande P, Rimer JD. Specificity of growth inhibitors and their cooperative effects in calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:367-76. [PMID: 24313314 DOI: 10.1021/ja410623q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular recognition and interactions governing site-specific adsorption of growth inhibitors on crystal surfaces can be tailored in order to control the anisotropic growth rates and physical properties of crystalline materials. Here we examine this phenomenon in calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystallization, a model system of calcification with specific relevance for pathological mineralization. We analyzed the effect of three putative growth inhibitors--chondroitin sulfate, serum albumin, and transferrin--using analytical techniques capable of resolving inhibitor-crystal interactions from interfacial to bulk scales. We observed that each inhibitor alters surface growth by adsorbing on to distinct steps emanating from screw dislocations on COM surfaces. Binding of inhibitors to different crystallographic faces produced morphological modifications that are consistent with classical mechanisms of layer-by-layer crystal growth inhibition. The site-specific adsorption of inhibitors on COM surfaces was confirmed by bulk crystallization, fluorescent confocal microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Kinetic studies of COM growth at varying inhibitor concentrations revealed marked differences in their efficacy and potency. Systematic analysis of inhibitor combinations, quantified via the combination index, identified various binary pairings capable of producing synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects. Collectively, our investigation of physiologically relevant biomolecules suggests potential roles of COM inhibitors in pathological crystallization and provides guiding principles for biomimetic design of molecular modifiers for applications in crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Farmanesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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Goiko M, Dierolf J, Gleberzon JS, Liao Y, Grohe B, Goldberg HA, de Bruyn JR, Hunter GK. Peptides of Matrix Gla protein inhibit nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80344. [PMID: 24265810 PMCID: PMC3827180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a phosphorylated and γ-carboxylated protein that has been shown to prevent the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the walls of blood vessels. MGP is also expressed in kidney and may inhibit the formation of kidney stones, which mainly consist of another crystalline phase, calcium oxalate monohydrate. To determine the mechanism by which MGP prevents soft-tissue calcification, we have synthesized peptides corresponding to the phosphorylated and γ-carboxylated sequences of human MGP in both post-translationally modified and non-modified forms. The effects of these peptides on hydroxyapatite formation and calcium oxalate crystallization were quantified using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Peptides YGlapS (MGP1-14: YγEpSHEpSMEpSYELNP), YEpS (YEpSHEpSMEpSYELNP), YGlaS (YγESHESMESYELNP) and SK-Gla (MGP43-56: SKPVHγELNRγEACDD) inhibited formation of hydroxyapatite in order of potency YGlapS > YEpS > YGlaS > SK-Gla. The effects of YGlapS, YEpS and YGlaS on hydroxyapatite formation were on both crystal nucleation and growth; the effect of SK-Gla was on nucleation. YGlapS and YEpS significantly inhibited the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, while simultaneously promoting the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate. The effects of these phosphopeptides on calcium oxalate monohydrate formation were on growth of crystals rather than nucleation. We have shown that the use of dynamic light scattering allows inhibitors of hydroxyapatite nucleation and growth to be distinguished. We have also demonstrated for the first time that MGP peptides inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate. Based on the latter finding, we propose that MGP function not only to prevent blood-vessel calcification but also to inhibit stone formation in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Goiko
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Joshua Dierolf
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jared S. Gleberzon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Yinyin Liao
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Bernd Grohe
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Harvey A. Goldberg
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - John R. de Bruyn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Graeme K. Hunter
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Abstract
To investigate potential differences in stone composition with regard to the type of Primary Hyperoxaluria (PH), and in relation to the patient’s medical therapy (treatment naïve patients versus those on preventive medication) we examined twelve kidney stones from ten PH I and six stones from four PH III patients. Unfortunately, no PH II stones were available for analysis. The study on this set of stones indicates a more diverse composition of PH stones than previously reported and a potential dynamic response of morphology and composition of calculi to treatment with crystallization inhibitors (citrate, magnesium) in PH I. Stones formed by PH I patients under treatment are more compact and consist predominantly of calcium-oxalate monohydrate (COM, whewellite), while calcium-oxalate dihydrate (COD, weddellite) is only rarely present. In contrast, the single stone available from a treatment naïve PH I patient as well as stones from PH III patients prior to and under treatment with alkali citrate contained a wide size range of aggregated COD crystals. No significant effects of the treatment were noted in PH III stones. In disagreement with findings from previous studies, stones from patients with primary hyperoxaluria did not exclusively consist of COM. Progressive replacement of COD by small COM crystals could be caused by prolonged stone growth and residence times in the urinary tract, eventually resulting in complete replacement of calcium-oxalate dihydrate by the monohydrate form. The noted difference to the naïve PH I stone may reflect a reduced growth rate in response to treatment. This pilot study highlights the importance of detailed stone diagnostics and could be of therapeutic relevance in calcium-oxalates urolithiasis, provided that the effects of treatment can be reproduced in subsequent larger studies.
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