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Zheng M, Pan M, Zhang W, Lin H, Wu S, Lu C, Tang S, Liu D, Cai J. Poly(α-l-lysine)-based nanomaterials for versatile biomedical applications: Current advances and perspectives. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1878-1909. [PMID: 33364529 PMCID: PMC7744653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(α-l-lysine) (PLL) is a class of water-soluble, cationic biopolymer composed of α-l-lysine structural units. The previous decade witnessed tremendous progress in the synthesis and biomedical applications of PLL and its composites. PLL-based polymers and copolymers, till date, have been extensively explored in the contexts such as antibacterial agents, gene/drug/protein delivery systems, bio-sensing, bio-imaging, and tissue engineering. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in PLL-based nanomaterials in these biomedical fields over the last decade. The review first describes the synthesis of PLL and its derivatives, followed by the main text of their recent biomedical applications and translational studies. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of PLL-based nanomaterials in biomedical fields are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Zheng
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Miao Pan
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wancong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Huanchang Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Shenlang Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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Lu C, Jiang L, Xu W, Yu F, Xia W, Pan M, Zhou W, Pan X, Wu C, Liu D. Poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked multi-armed poly(ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine)s as super-amphiphiles: Synthesis, self-assembly, and evaluation as efficient delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110384. [PMID: 31357126 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles with high thermodynamic stability and loading capacity are of tremendous significance for their potential applications in drug delivery. In the present study, super-amphiphiles in the form of poly(ethylene glycol)-crosslinked multi-armed polyethylenimine-g-poly(ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine)s (PEZ-alt-PEG) were designed, synthesized, and optimized as nanocarriers for hydrophobic drugs. In an aqueous solution, the copolymer PEZ-alt-PEG self-assembled into sub-100-nm spherical shell crosslinked micelles with low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. The crosslinked super-amphiphilic structure of PEZ-alt-PEG could not only enhance the thermodynamic stability of polymeric micelles, but it could also significantly improve the loading capacity of hydrophobic drugs, such as curcumin (CUR). CUR-loaded PEZ-alt-PEG micelles could mediate effective drug delivery with sustained and complete CUR release. The use of PEZ-alt-PEG micellar nanocarriers remarkably improved the cellular uptake of CUR and therefore exhibited effective inhibitory activity on the growth of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Compared to free CUR, CUR-loaded polymeric micelles significantly accelerated the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells. Therefore, PEZ-alt-PEG polymeric micelles, with their high thermodynamic stability, high drug-loading capacity, enhanced drug uptake and improved pharmacodynamic effects, could serve as efficient and promising nanocarriers for poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Feiyuan Yu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wenquan Xia
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Miao Pan
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China.
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Polypeptides Micelles Composed of Methoxy-Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Poly(l-Glutamic Acid)-Poly(l-Phenylalanine) Triblock Polymer for Sustained Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040230. [PMID: 30428623 PMCID: PMC6321009 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-glutamic acid)-poly(l-phenylalanine) triblock polymers with different architecture were synthesized as drug carrier to obtain sustained and controlled release by tuning the composition. These triblock polymers were prepared by ring opening polymerization and poly(ethylene glycol) was used as an initiator. Polymerization was confirmed by 1H NMR, FT-IR and gel penetration chromatography. The polymers can self-assemble to form micelles in aqueous medium and their critical micelle concentrations values were examined. The micelles were spherical shape with size of 50–100 nm and especially can arranged in a regular manner. Sorafenib was selected as the model drug and the drug loading performance was dependent on the composition of the block copolymer. In vitro drug release indicated that the polymers can realize controlled and sustained drug release. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that the polymers were biocompatible and the drug-loaded micelles can increase toxicity towards tumor cells. Confocal fluorescence microscopy assays illustrated that the micelles can be uptaken quickly and release drug persistently to inhibit tumor cell growth.
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Zhang P, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Rui L, Gao Y, Zhang W. Unimolecular micelles from POSS-based star-shaped block copolymers for photodynamic therapy. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ren JM, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Xu J, An Z, Shanmugam S, Davis TP, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Star Polymers. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6743-836. [PMID: 27299693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in controlled/living polymerization techniques and highly efficient coupling chemistries have enabled the facile synthesis of complex polymer architectures with controlled dimensions and functionality. As an example, star polymers consist of many linear polymers fused at a central point with a large number of chain end functionalities. Owing to this exclusive structure, star polymers exhibit some remarkable characteristics and properties unattainable by simple linear polymers. Hence, they constitute a unique class of technologically important nanomaterials that have been utilized or are currently under audition for many applications in life sciences and nanotechnologies. This article first provides a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies towards star polymers, then reviews the latest developments in the synthesis and characterization methods of star macromolecules, and lastly outlines emerging applications and current commercial use of star-shaped polymers. The aim of this work is to promote star polymer research, generate new avenues of scientific investigation, and provide contemporary perspectives on chemical innovation that may expedite the commercialization of new star nanomaterials. We envision in the not-too-distant future star polymers will play an increasingly important role in materials science and nanotechnology in both academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing M Ren
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 2000444, People's Republic of China
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Huang J, Liang H, Cheng D, Lu J. Polypeptide–poly(ethylene glycol) miktoarm star copolymers with a fluorescently labeled core: synthesis, delivery and imaging of siRNA. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01656h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide–PEG miktoarm star copolymers with a fluorescently labeled core have been synthesized and exhibit dual functions of gene delivery and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Hui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Du Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Jiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
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Zhang L, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Cao L, Luan Y. Doxorubicin-loaded polypeptide nanorods based on electrostatic interactions for cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 464:126-36. [PMID: 26609932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic anionic polypeptide, methoxypolyethylene glycol-poly (glutamic acid) (mPEG-PGA), was synthesized, characterized and evaluated as a nanocarrier for the cationic anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl). The complex self-assembled into nanorods in aqueous solutions via electrostatic interactions and exhibited a superior drug loading content (50.8%) and drug loading efficiency (90.2%). The average major axis of the drug-loaded nanorods was approximately 300nm, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. An in vitro release assay showed that drug-loaded nanorods exhibited pH-sensitivity and sustained release. Haemolysis assays demonstrated that the polypeptide was haemocompatible, and the polypeptide drug carrier significantly reduced the haemolysis ratio of DOX·HCl. The pharmacokinetics study showed that DOX-loaded nanorods significantly prolonged the resident time in blood. An in vitro cytotoxicity study and cellular uptake assays demonstrated that the DOX-loaded nanorods resulted in higher cell proliferation inhibition and a higher level of tumour cell uptake in A549 cells than with free DOX·HCl. The prolonged circulation and enhanced antitumor efficacy of DOX-loaded nanorods shows promise for efficient cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Center for Pharmaceutical Research & Drug Delivery Systems, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Center for Pharmaceutical Research & Drug Delivery Systems, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China.
| | - Qingyun Zhao
- Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jimo, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Center for Pharmaceutical Research & Drug Delivery Systems, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China.
| | - Longqiao Cao
- Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Yuxia Luan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Center for Pharmaceutical Research & Drug Delivery Systems, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China.
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Whitton G, Gauthier M. Arborescent micelles: Dendritic poly(γ-benzyll-glutamate) cores grafted with hydrophilic chain segments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Whitton
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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Zhan C, Li S, Cui J, Chen Y. Multiarm star poly(ɛ-caprolactone) with hyperbranched polyamidoamine as core capable of selective accommodating cationic or anionic guests. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guo J, Hong H, Chen G, Shi S, Nayak T, Theuer CP, Barnhart TE, Cai W, Gong S. Theranostic unimolecular micelles based on brush-shaped amphiphilic block copolymers for tumor-targeted drug delivery and positron emission tomography imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21769-79. [PMID: 24628452 PMCID: PMC4163544 DOI: 10.1021/am5002585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Brush-shaped amphiphilic block copolymers were conjugated with a monoclonal antibody against CD105 (i.e., TRC105) and a macrocyclic chelator for (64)Cu-labeling to generate multifunctional theranostic unimolecular micelles. The backbone of the brush-shaped amphiphilic block copolymer was poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and the side chains were poly(L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLLA-PEG). The doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded unimolecular micelles showed a pH-dependent drug release profile and a uniform size distribution. A significantly higher cellular uptake of TRC105-conjugated micelles was observed in CD105-positive human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) than nontargeted micelles due to CD105-mediated endocytosis. In contrast, similar and extremely low cellular uptake of both targeted and nontargeted micelles was observed in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (CD105-negative). The difference between the in vivo tumor accumulation of (64)Cu-labeled TRC105-conjugated micelles and that of nontargeted micelles was studied in 4T1 murine breast tumor-bearing mice, by serial positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and validated by biodistribution studies. These multifunctional unimolecular micelles offer pH-responsive drug release, noninvasive PET imaging capability, together with both passive and active tumor-targeting abilities, thus making them a desirable nanoplatform for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Guo
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin
Institutes for Discovery, University of
Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Hao Hong
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Guojun Chen
- Wisconsin
Institutes for Discovery, University of
Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Materials
Science Program, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Materials
Science Program, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Tapas
R. Nayak
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | | | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Materials
Science Program, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin
Institutes for Discovery, University of
Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Materials
Science Program, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
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Nigam S, Chandra S, Newgreen DF, Bahadur D, Chen Q. Poly(ethylene glycol)-modified PAMAM-Fe3O4-doxorubicin triads with the potential for improved therapeutic efficacy: generation-dependent increased drug loading and retention at neutral pH and increased release at acidic pH. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1004-1011. [PMID: 24446987 DOI: 10.1021/la404246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-coated magnetic nanoparticles are a promising drug-delivery system that can enhance the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), with minimized side effects. This work explores the optimization of the potential therapeutic efficiency of PAMAM-Fe3O4-DOX triads. Different generations (G3, G5, and G6) of PAMAMs were synthesized and modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and then used to encapsulate glutamic acid-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Fe3O4-dendrimer carriers (Fe3O4-DGx where x = the generation 3, 5, or 6 of dendrimers) were electrostatically conjugated with drug DOX. The loading and releasing efficiencies of DOX increased with the PAMAM generation from 3 to 6. The loading efficiencies of DOX molecules were 87, 93, and 96% for generations 3, 5, and 6, respectively. At pH 5, the DOX release efficiencies within 24 h were approximately 60, 68, and 80% for generations 3, 5, and 6, respectively. At pH 7.4, the DOX releasing efficiency was as low as ∼ 15%. Compared to the negative control, the PAMAM-Fe3O4-DOX triads showed only mild toxicity against human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa at pH 7.4, which indicated that DOX can be fairly benignly carried and sparingly released until PAMAM-Fe3O4-DOX is taken up into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Nigam
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay , Mumbai 400076, India
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