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Idumah CI. Recently emerging advancements in polymeric cryogel nanostructures and biomedical applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2097678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Awka, Nigeria
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2
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Xue A, Fan S. Matrices and Affinity Ligands for Antibody Purification and Corresponding Applications in Radiotherapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060821. [PMID: 35740946 PMCID: PMC9221399 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have become an important class of biological products in cancer treatments such as radiotherapy. The growing therapeutic applications have driven a demand for high-purity antibodies. Affinity chromatography with a high affinity and specificity has always been utilized to separate antibodies from complex mixtures. Quality chromatographic components (matrices and affinity ligands) have either been found or generated to increase the purity and yield of antibodies. More importantly, some matrices (mainly particles) and affinity ligands (including design protocols) for antibody purification can act as radiosensitizers or carriers for therapeutic radionuclides (or for radiosensitizers) either directly or indirectly to improve the therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy. This paper provides a brief overview on the matrices and ligands used in affinity chromatography that are involved in antibody purification and emphasizes their applications in radiotherapy to enrich potential approaches for improving the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Diken Gür S, Bakhshpour M, Bereli N, Denizli A. Antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria via lysozyme imprinted cryogel membranes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:1024-1039. [PMID: 33704023 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1892472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel biocompatible and cost effective cryogel membrane which shows enhanced antimicrobial properties in order to use for several approaches such as wound dressing, scaffold or food packaging was aimed in this study. A super macro porous lysozyme imprinted cryogel membranes showing antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were prepared by using molecular imprinting technique. N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine methyl ester (MAH) was used as the pseudo specific ligand and complexed with Cu++ in order to provide metal ion coordination between MAH and template molecule (lysozyme). Comparing the antibacterial activity of different lysozyme concentrations, cryogel membranes were prepared in three different concentrations. To synthesize Poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine methylester) P(HEMA-MAH) cryogel membrane, free radical polymerization initiated by N, N, N', N'-tetramethylene diamine (TEMED) and ammonium persulfate (APS) was carried out at -12 °C. The characterization of the lysozyme imprinted cryogel membrane was accomplished by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling degree measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity test of produced membrane was performed by using mouse fibroblast cell line L929. The antibacterial activity of P(HEMA-MAH) lysozyme molecular imprinted [P(HEMA-MAH) Lyz-MIP] cryogel membranes against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were determined by Kirby-Bauer membranes diffusion and viable cell counting methods. When the antibacterial effect of P(HEMA-MAH) Lyz-MIP cryogel membranes were evaluated, it was found that P(HEMA-MAH) Lyz-MIP cryogel membranes had stronger antibacterial effects against Gram-negative E. coli bacteria even in low lysozyme concentrations. In addition, 100% bacterial inhibition was detected for both of two bacteria at increasing lysozyme concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Performance of phospho-L-tyrosine immobilized onto alginate/polyacrylamide-based cryogels: Effect of ligand coupling on human IgG adsorption and Fab fragments separation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1165:122530. [PMID: 33486219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ortho-phospho-tyrosine (P-Tyr) pseudoaffinity ligand was immobilized via ether linkage onto polyacrylamide-alginate (PAAm-Alg)-epoxy cryogels prepared according to two different approaches in order to explore their performance in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) purification from human serum. In the first approach, the P-Tyr was attached to cryogel prepared by cryocopolymerization of acrylamide and alginate with allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) as functional comonomer, and methylenebisacrylamide and Ca(II) as crosslinkers, obtaining the PAAm-Alg-AGE-P-Tyr. In the second approach, the PAAm-Alg was synthesized under the same conditions, but without AGE, and the P-Tyr was coupled to epichlorohydrin (ECH)-activated cryogel, obtaining the PAAm-Alg-ECH-P-Tyr. Both pseudoaffinity cryogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, swelling tests, porosity, ligand density, and flow dynamics. The human IgG differently interacted with the PAAm-Alg-ECH-P-Tyr and PAAm-Alg-AGE-P-Tyr cryogels, depending on the pH and adsorption buffer system used. The selectivity analyzed by electrophoretic profiles was similar for both cryogels, but PAAm-Alg-ECH-P-Tyr achieved higher IgG adsorption capacity (dynamic capacity of 12.62 mg of IgG/mL of cryogel). The IgG purity assayed by ELISA was 95%. The maximum IgG adsorption capacity and dissociation constant of the PAAm-Alg-ECH-P-Tyr, determined by Langmuir isotherm, were found to be 91.75 mg IgG/g of dry cryogel and 4.60 × 10-6 mol/L at pH 6.0 from aqueous solutions. The PAAm-Alg-AGE-P-Tyr showed potential to purify the Fab fragments from papain-digested human IgG solution at pH 7.0. Fab fragments were separated from Fc fragments (but with uncleaved IgG) in eluted fractions (analyzed by the Western blot technique), with yield of 82% and purity of 95% (determined by radial immunodiffusion).
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Sümbelli Y, Keçili R, Hür D, Ersöz A, Say R. Molecularly imprinted polymer embedded-cryogels as selective genotoxic impurity scavengers. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1869259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiğitcan Sümbelli
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Rüstem Keçili
- Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services, Pharmacy Services Programme, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Hür
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ersöz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Bionkit Co. Ltd, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Bakhshpour M, Topcu AA, Bereli N, Alkan H, Denizli A. Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Immunoaffinity Cryogel Column for the Purification of Human Immunoglobulin M. Gels 2020; 6:E4. [PMID: 32013072 PMCID: PMC7151037 DOI: 10.3390/gels6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin M (hIgM) antibodies are considered as hopeful tools for diseases therapy. Therefore, chromatography approaches are used to purify hIgM with a single step. In this study, we prepared a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) based immunoaffinity p(HEMA-I) cryogel column by using cyanamide to immobilize antihuman immunoglobulin on the p(HEMA) cryogel for purification of hIgM in aqueous solution and artificial human plasma. The characterization of the p(HEMA) cryogel column was performed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), micro-computerized tomography (µ-CT), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), swelling degree and macro-porosity. Further, the optimizations of various parameters were performed such as, pH, ionic strength, temperature and concentration of hIgM in aqueous solutions. In addition, the Langmuir adsorption model was supported by experimental results. Maximum adsorbed amount of hIgM corresponded to 11.1 mg/g at pH 5.75 [morpholino ethanesulfonic acid (MES buffer)]. Our results indicated that the p(HEMA-I) cryogel column can be reused at least 10 times without significant loss in adsorption capacity. As a natural source, artificial human plasma was selected for hIgM adsorption and the purity of hIgM was evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Bakhshpour
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Aykut Arif Topcu
- Department of Chemistry, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey;
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Huseyin Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey;
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.B.); (N.B.)
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Mourão CA, Marcuz C, Haupt K, Bueno SMA. Polyacrylamide-alginate (PAAm-Alg) and phospho-L-tyrosine-linked PAAm-Alg monolithic cryogels: Purification of IgG from human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1129:121783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Çetin K, Denizli A. Immunoaffinity microcryogels for purification of transferrin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1114-1115:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
The application of interconnected supermacroporous cryogels as support matrices for the purification, separation and immobilization of whole cells and different biological macromolecules has been well reported in literature. Cryogels have advantages over traditional gel carriers in the field of biochromatography and related biomedical applications. These matrices nearly mimic the three-dimensional structure of native tissue extracellular matrix. In addition, mechanical, osmotic and chemical stability of cryogels make them attractive polymeric materials for the construction of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications and in vitro cell culture, separation materials for many different processes such as immobilization of biomolecules, capturing of target molecules, and controlled drug delivery. The low mass transfer resistance of cryogel matrices makes them useful in chromatographic applications with the immobilization of different affinity ligands to these materials. Cryogels have been introduced as gel matrices prepared using partially frozen monomer or polymer solutions at temperature below zero. These materials can be produced with different shapes and are of interest in the therapeutic area. This review highlights the recent advances in cryogelation technologies by emphasizing their biomedical applications to supply an overview of their rising stars day to day.
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CHENG F, FENG QC, HE W, ZHAO XM, WANG Q. Preparation and Characterization of PEGylated Thiophilic Nanoparticles for Rapid Antibody Separation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pavan GL, Bresolin ITL, Muzio AFV, Cunha DC, Bueno SMA. Phospho-l
-tyrosine-agarose chromatography: Adsorption of human IgG and its proteolytic fragments. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4397. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Luiza Pavan
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Campinas; Campinas SP Brazil
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Preparation and characterization of large-format macroporous cryogel disks for use in affinity chromatography and biotechnological applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7765-7771. [PMID: 30280230 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared and evaluated larger format phage-bound epoxy-cryogel columns in order to increase the yield of bound target. Freezing thermograms showed that larger column formats (2.5-5 cm diameter) are not usable due to irregular polymerization phenomena. Preparing thin disks of 0.5 cm height with similar diameter proved to be an excellent alternative. Disks could be stacked and run in a chromatographic setup. In this way, we could increase the matrix volume, ligand-binding capacity, and finally the yield of bound target. By increasing the column volume about sevenfold, we observed a 12-fold increase of ligand density and a sevenfold increase in the yield of protein recovery in a column where phages were attached without spacer and a 10- to 34-fold increase in a spacer column, depending on the spacer used.
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Espinoza-Ibarra P, Sánchez-Valdes S, Yáñez-Flores IG, Graciano-Verdugo A, Espinoza-Ibarra D, Fernandez-Tavizon S, Ledezma-Pérez A, Espinoza-Martínez A, Rodríguez-Fernández O, Betancourt-Galindo R, Ortega-Ortiz H, Ramirez-Vargas R, Rodriguez-Gonzalez JA. Preparation and characterization of cotton fibers coated with AA-IA hydrogel containing silver/graphene or graphene oxide nanoparticles. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2018.1520251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.A. Espinoza-Ibarra
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - S. Sánchez-Valdes
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - I. G. Yáñez-Flores
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - A.Z. Graciano-Verdugo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
| | | | - S. Fernandez-Tavizon
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - A.S. Ledezma-Pérez
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - A.B. Espinoza-Martínez
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - O.S. Rodríguez-Fernández
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - R. Betancourt-Galindo
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - H. Ortega-Ortiz
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - R.R. Ramirez-Vargas
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
| | - J. A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, México
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Heinz D, Amado E, Kressler J. Polyphilicity-An Extension of the Concept of Amphiphilicity in Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E960. [PMID: 30960885 PMCID: PMC6403972 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in synthetic pathways as simple reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques and quantitative post-polymerization reactions, most notoriously 'click' reactions, leading to segmented copolymers, have broadened the molecular architectures accessible to polymer chemists as a matter of routine. Segments can be blocks, grafted chains, branchings, telechelic end-groups, covalently attached nanoparticles, nanodomains in networks, even sequences of random copolymers, and so on. In this review, we describe the variety of the segmented synthetic copolymers landscape from the point of view of their chemical affinity, or synonymous philicity, in bulk or with their surroundings, such as solvents, permeant gases, and solid surfaces. We focus on recent contributions, current trends, and perspectives regarding polyphilic copolymers, which have, in addition to hydrophilic and lipophilic segments, other philicities, for example, towards solvents, fluorophilic entities, ions, silicones, metals, nanoparticles, and liquid crystalline moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heinz
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Elkin Amado
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Andaç M, Galaev IY, Denizli A. Affinity based and molecularly imprinted cryogels: Applications in biomacromolecule purification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bakhshpour M, Derazshamshir A, Bereli N, Elkak A, Denizli A. [PHEMA/PEI]–Cu(II) based immobilized metal affinity chromatography cryogels: Application on the separation of IgG from human plasma. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:824-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Xue A, Zhao WW, Liu X(M, Sun Y. Affinity chromatography of human IgG with octapeptide ligands identified from eleven peptide-ligand candidates. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dye affinity cryogels for plasmid DNA purification. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:318-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vlakh EG, Korzhikov VA, Hubina AV, Tennikova TB. Molecular imprinting: a tool of modern chemistry for the preparation of highly selective monolithic sorbents. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chromatographic adsorption of serum albumin and antibody proteins in cryogels with benzyl-quaternary amine ligands. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1381:173-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Du K. Peptide immobilized monolith containing tentacle-type functionalized polymer chains for high-capacity binding of immunoglobulin G. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:164-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Octapeptide-based affinity chromatography of human immunoglobulin G: Comparisons of three different ligands. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:100-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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FYWHCLDE-based affinity chromatography of IgG: Effect of ligand density and purifications of human IgG and monoclonal antibody. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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