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Chen HM, Tsai YH, Hsu CY, Wang YY, Hsieh CE, Chen JH, Chang YS, Lin CY. Peptide-Coated Bacteriorhodopsin-Based Photoelectric Biosensor for Detecting Rheumatoid Arthritis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:929. [PMID: 37887122 PMCID: PMC10605345 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
An effective early diagnosis is important for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. This study reveals a novel RA detection method using bacteriorhodopsin as a photoelectric transducer, a light-driven proton pump in purple membranes (PMs). It was devised by covalently conjugating a PM monolayer-coated electrode with a citrullinated-inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3)542-556 peptide that recognizes the serum RA-associated autoantibodies. The direct serum coating decreased the photocurrents in the biosensor, with the reduction in the photocurrent caused by coating with an RA-patient serum that is significantly larger than that with a healthy-control serum (38.1% vs. 20.2%). The difference in the reduction in the photocurrent between those two serum groups widened after the serum-coated biosensor was further labeled with gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-conjugated anti-IgA (anti-IgA-AuNP) (53.6% vs. 30.6%). Both atomic force microscopic (AFM) and Raman analyses confirmed the sequential peptide, serum, and anti-IgA-AuNP coatings on the PM-coated substrates. The reductions in the photocurrent measured in both the serum and anti-IgA-AuNPs coating steps correlated well with the results using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Spearman rho = 0.805 and 0.787, respectively), with both a sensitivity and specificity close to 100% in both steps. It was shown that an RA diagnosis can be performed in either a single- or two-step mode using the developed biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Yi Hsu
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Yi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Cheng-En Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-Y.W.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Chen HM, Wang WC, Chen HR. Small-Molecule Analysis Based on DNA Strand Displacement Using a Bacteriorhodopsin Photoelectric Transducer: Taking ATP as an Example. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7453. [PMID: 37687909 PMCID: PMC10490725 DOI: 10.3390/s23177453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A uniformly oriented purple membrane (PM) monolayer containing photoactive bacteriorhodopsin has recently been applied as a sensitive photoelectric transducer to assay color proteins and microbes quantitatively. This study extends its application to detecting small molecules, using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an example. A reverse detection method is used, which employs AuNPs labeling and specific DNA strand displacement. A PM monolayer-coated electrode is first covalently conjugated with an ATP-specific nucleic acid aptamer and then hybridized with another gold nanoparticle-labeled nucleic acid strand with a sequence that is partially complementary to the ATP aptamer, in order to significantly minimize the photocurrent that is generated by the PM. The resulting ATP-sensing chip restores its photocurrent production in the presence of ATP, and the photocurrent recovers more effectively as the ATP concentration increases. Direct and single-step ATP detection is achieved in 15 min, with detection limits of 5 nM and a dynamic range of 5 nM-0.1 mM. The sensing chip exhibits high selectivity against other ATP analogs and is satisfactorily stable in storage. The ATP-sensing chip is used to assay bacterial populations and achieves a detection limit for Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli of 102 and 103 CFU/mL, respectively. The demonstration shows that a variety of small molecules can be simultaneously quantified using PM-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Wang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Direct and Label-Free Determination of Human Glycated Hemoglobin Levels Using Bacteriorhodopsin as the Biosensor Transducer. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20247274. [PMID: 33353006 PMCID: PMC7765918 DOI: 10.3390/s20247274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are an important index for the diagnosis and long-term control of diabetes. This study is the first to use a direct and label-free photoelectric biosensor to determine HbA1c using bacteriorhodopsin-embedded purple membranes (PM) as a transducer. A biotinylated PM (b-PM) coated electrode that is layered with protein A-oriented antibodies against hemoglobin (Hb) readily captures non-glycated Hb (HbA0) and generates less photocurrent. The spectra of bacteriorhodopsin and Hb overlap so the photocurrent is reduced because of the partial absorption of the incident light by the captured Hb molecules. Two HbA0 and HbA1c aptasensors that are prepared by conjugating specific aptamers on b-PM coated electrodes single-step detect HbA0 and HbA1c in 15 min, without cross reactivity, with detection limits of ≤0.1 μg/mL and a dynamic range of 0.1–100 μg/mL. Both aptasensors exhibit high selectivity and long-term stability. For the clinical samples, HbA0 concentrations and HbA1c levels that are measured with aptasensors correlate well with total Hb concentrations and the HbA1c levels that are determined using standard methods (correlation gradient = 0.915 ± 0.004 and 0.981 ± 0.001, respectively). The use of these aptasensors for diabetes care is demonstrated.
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Versatile Protein-A Coated Photoelectric Immunosensors with a Purple-Membrane Monolayer Transducer Fabricated by Affinity-Immobilization on a Graphene-Oxide Complexed Linker and by Shear Flow. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18124493. [PMID: 30567418 PMCID: PMC6308460 DOI: 10.3390/s18124493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriorhodopsin-embedded purple membranes (PM) have been demonstrated to be a sensitive photoelectric transducer for microbial detection. To efficiently prepare versatile BR-based immunosensors with protein A as antibody captures, a large, high-coverage, and uniformly oriented PM monolayer was fabricated on an electrode as an effective foundation for protein A conjugation through bis-NHS esters, by first affinity-coating biotinylated PM on an aminated surface using a complex of oxidized avidin and graphene oxide as the planar linker and then washing the coating with a shear flow. Three different polyclonal antibodies, each against Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Streptococcus mutans, respectively, were individually, effectively and readily adsorbed on the protein A coated electrodes, leading to selective and sensitive quantitative detection of their respective target cells in a single step without any labeling. A single-cell detection limit was achieved for the former two cells. AFM, photocurrent, and Raman analyses all displayed each fabricated layer as well as the captured bacteria, with AFM particularly revealing the formation of a massive continuous PM monolayer on aminated mica. The facile cell-membrane monolayer fabrication and membrane surface conjugation techniques disclosed in this study may be widely applied to the preparation of different biomembrane-based biosensors.
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Chen HM, Jheng KR, Yu AD. Direct, label-free, selective, and sensitive microbial detection using a bacteriorhodopsin-based photoelectric immunosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:24-31. [PMID: 27987407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A photoelectric immunosensor using purple membranes (PM) as the transducer, which contains photoactive bacteriorhodopsin, is here first demonstrated for direct and label-free microbial detection. Biotinylated polyclonal antibodies against Escherichia coli were immobilized on a PM-coated electrode through further surface biotinylation and bridging avidin or NeutrAvidin. The photocurrent generated by the antibody-coated sensor was reduced after incubation with E. coli K-12 cultures, with the reduction level increased with the culture populations. The immunosensor prepared via NeutrAvidin exhibited much better selectivity than the one prepared via avidin, recognizing almost none of the tested Gram-positive bacteria. Cultures with populations ranging from 1 to 107CFU/10mL were detected in a single step without any preprocessing. Both AFM and Raman analysis confirmed the layer-by-layer fabrication of the antibody-coated substrates as well as the binding of microorganisms. By investigating the effect of illumination orientation and simulating the photocurrent responses with an equivalent circuit model containing a chemical capacitance, we suggest that the photocurrent reduction was primarily caused by the light-shielding effect of the captured bacteria. Using the current fabrication technique, versatile bacteriorhodopsin-based photoelectric immunosensors can be readily prepared to detect a wide variety of biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Ru Jheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - An-Dih Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Pourjavadi A, Eskandari M, Hosseini SH, Nazari M. Synthesis of water dispersible reduced graphene oxide via supramolecular complexation with modified β-cyclodextrin. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1201766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eskandari
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Hosseini
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nazari
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Chen HM, Jheng KR, Yu AD, Hsu CC, Lin JH. Intercalating purple membranes into 2D β-alanine crystals to enhance photoelectric and nonlinear optical properties. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Laccase-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Assemblies as Efficient Nanobiocatalysts for Oxidation Reactions. SENSORS 2016; 16:287. [PMID: 26927109 PMCID: PMC4813862 DOI: 10.3390/s16030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multi-layer graphene oxide-enzyme nanoassemblies were prepared through the multi-point covalent immobilization of laccase from Trametes versicolor (TvL) on functionalized graphene oxide (fGO). The catalytic properties of the fGO-TvL nanoassemblies were found to depend on the number of the graphene oxide-enzyme layers present in the nanostructure. The fGO-TvL nanoassemblies exhibit an enhanced thermal stability at 60 °C, as demonstrated by a 4.7-fold higher activity as compared to the free enzyme. The multi-layer graphene oxide-enzyme nanoassemblies can efficiently catalyze the oxidation of anthracene, as well as the decolorization of an industrial dye, pinacyanol chloride. These materials retained almost completely their decolorization activity after five reaction cycles, proving their potential as efficient nano- biocatalysts for various applications.
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Kyzas GZ, Koltsakidou A, Nanaki SG, Bikiaris DN, Lambropoulou DA. Removal of beta-blockers from aqueous media by adsorption onto graphene oxide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:411-20. [PMID: 26282775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is the evaluation of graphene oxide (GhO) as adsorbent material for the removal of beta-blockers (pharmaceutical compounds) in aqueous solutions. The composition and morphology of prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Atenolol (ATL) and propranolol (PRO) were used as model drug molecules and their behavior were investigated in terms of GhO dosage, contact time, temperature and pH. Adsorption mechanisms were proposed and the pH-effect curves after adsorption were discussed. The kinetic behavior of GhO-drugs system was analyzed after fitting to pseudo-first and -second order equations. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir-Freundlich model calculating the maximum adsorption capacity (67 and 116 mg/g for PRO and ATL (25 °C), respectively). The temperature effect on adsorption was tested carrying out the equilibrium adsorption experiments at three different temperatures (25, 45, 65 °C). Then, the thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy, free energy and entropy were calculated. Finally, the desorption of drugs from GhO was evaluated by using both aqueous eluants (pH2-10) and organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Z Kyzas
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Koltsakidou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavroula G Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Wang P, Dimitrijevic NM, Chang AY, Schaller RD, Liu Y, Rajh T, Rozhkova EA. Photoinduced electron transfer pathways in hydrogen-evolving reduced graphene oxide-boosted hybrid nano-bio catalyst. ACS NANO 2014; 8:7995-8002. [PMID: 25050831 DOI: 10.1021/nn502011p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic production of clean hydrogen fuels using water and sunlight has attracted remarkable attention due to the increasing global energy demand. Natural and synthetic dyes can be utilized to sensitize semiconductors for solar energy transformation using visible light. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR) were employed as building modules to harness visible light by a Pt/TiO2 nanocatalyst. Introduction of the rGO boosts the nano-bio catalyst performance that results in hydrogen production rates of approximately 11.24 mmol of H2 (μmol protein)(-1) h(-1). Photoelectrochemical measurements show a 9-fold increase in photocurrent density when TiO2 electrodes were modified with rGO and bR. Electron paramagnetic resonance and transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrate an interfacial charge transfer from the photoexcited rGO to the semiconductor under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Graphene-based nanobiocatalytic systems: recent advances and future prospects. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:312-20. [PMID: 24794165 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials are particularly useful nanostructured materials that show great promise in biotechnology and biomedicine. Owing to their unique structural features, exceptional chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties, and their ability to affect the microenvironment of biomolecules, graphene-based nanomaterials are suitable for use in various applications, such as immobilization of enzymes. We present the current advances in research on graphene-based nanomaterials used as novel scaffolds to build robust nanobiocatalytic systems. Their catalytic behavior is affected by the nature of enzyme-nanomaterial interactions and, thus, the availability of methods to couple enzymes with nanomaterials is an important issue. We discuss the implications of such interactions along with future prospects and possible challenges in this rapidly developing area.
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