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Imuetinyan H, Agi A, Gbadamosi A, Junin R. Extraction, characterization and evaluation of saponin-based natural surfactant for enhanced oil recovery. ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2022; 15:226. [PMCID: PMC8783192 DOI: 10.1007/s12517-021-09275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
To minimize environmental impact and costs, natural surfactants are suggested as an ecologically sustainable replacement for synthetic surfactants. The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of low-cost saponin-based natural surfactant (SBNS) from Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaves for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Furthermore, the study investigated the IFT behaviour of SBNS at oil-water interface and the emulsion behaviour and oil displacement efficiency of SBNS. The SBNS was obtained via ultrasonic extraction of dried VA leaves in a water bath, centrifuging the obtained liquid mixture and freeze drying to evaporate to dryness. Thereafter, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to characterize the extracted SBNS. Moreover, tensiometer (Easy-Dyne KRUSS) was used to study the interfacial tension (IFT) behaviour of the SBNS at oil-water interface. Also, the SBNS ability to form stable emulsion in the presence of crude oil was determined. Finally, oil displacement by SBNS solution was investigated under simulated reservoir conditions (3000 psi and 100 °C) with high-pressure high-temperature (Fars EOR) core flooding equipment. The performance of SBNS was compared to commercial non-ionic surfactant 4-octylphenol polyethoxylated (TX-100). Experimental result indicated that the SBNS reduced the IFT at oil-water interface. The natural surfactant lowered the IFT of the oil-water interface from 18.0 to 0.97 mN/m. Moreover, emulsions formed with SBNS showed good stability characterized by a decrease in the median drop diameter with an increase in SBNS concentration. Finally, oil displacement test shows that oil recovery of TX-100 and SBNS increased by 9% and 15% original-oil-in-place (OOIP), respectively. Hence, SBNS is recommended as an appropriate substitute for conventional surfactant due to its inexpensive raw material, lower toxicity, and higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happiness Imuetinyan
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Augustine Agi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Institute for Oil and Gas (IFOG), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Afeez Gbadamosi
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31262 Saudi Arabia
| | - Radzuan Junin
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Institute for Oil and Gas (IFOG), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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2
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Soy protein isolated-soy hull polysaccharides stabilized O/W emulsion: Effect of polysaccharides concentration on the storage stability and interfacial rheological properties. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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3
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Chu CC, Hasan ZABA, Chua SK, Nyam KL. Formulation and Characterization of Novel Nanostructured Lipid Carriers with Photoprotective Properties Made from Carnauba Wax, Beeswax, Pumpkin Seed Oil, and UV Filters. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Chin Chu
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI University Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia
| | - Zafarizal Aldrin Bin Azizul Hasan
- Consumer Product Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology DivisionMalaysian Palm Oil Board Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang Selangor 43000 Malaysia
| | - Siaw Kim Chua
- Consumer Product Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology DivisionMalaysian Palm Oil Board Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang Selangor 43000 Malaysia
| | - Kar Lin Nyam
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI University Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia
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4
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Treatment for chemical burning using liquid crystalline nanoparticles as an ophthalmic delivery system for pirfenidone. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Lee XY, Chu CC, Hasan ZABA, Chua SK, Nyam KL. Novel Nanostructured Lipid Carriers with Photoprotective Properties Made from Carnauba Wax, Beeswax, and Kenaf Seed Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Lee
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences; UCSI University; 56000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Chee Chin Chu
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences; UCSI University; 56000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Zafarizal Aldrin Bin Azizul Hasan
- Consumer Product Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division; Malaysian Palm Oil Board; Jalan Menara Gading, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang Selangor
| | - Siaw Kim Chua
- Consumer Product Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division; Malaysian Palm Oil Board; Jalan Menara Gading, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang Selangor
| | - Kar Lin Nyam
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences; UCSI University; 56000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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7
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Olejnik A, Glowka A, Nowak I. Release studies of undecylenoyl phenylalanine from topical formulations. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:709-718. [PMID: 29991915 PMCID: PMC6036107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the stability of new vehicles for the undecylenoyl phenylalanine that is used as skin-lightening agent in the melasma treatment. The purpose of this research was also to analyse the release kinetics of phenylalanine derivative from topical preparations through different synthetic membranes. Topical formulations such as two different macroemulsions, hydrogels (based on carbomer and hydroxyethylcellulose) and microemulsions were characterized in terms of stability by laser diffraction method. Additionally, multiple light scattering assessed the stability of macroemulsions. The release rates of active substance through different membranes (such as Cuprophan, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate and Strat-M) were determined using enhancer cell. In order to explain the mechanism of release process the results were fitted with different kinetic models. New stable vehicles for Ude-Phe were successfully obtained. The results proved that the membrane structure had the influence on the release rate of undecylenoyl phenylalanine. The slowest release rate of Ude-Phe was observed when Strat-M membrane was applied. The highest amount of active substance was released from the hydrogel based on carbomer. The release of undecylenoyl phenylalanine from both macroemulsions and hydrogel based on hydroxyethylcellulose followed the Higuchi model. Whereas the release results of Ude-Phe from both microemulsion-based hydrogels and carbomer hydrogel can be described by using Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Hydrogels and microemulsion-based hydrogels could be recommended as proper vehicles for the derivative of phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejnik
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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8
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Santos J, Calero N, Trujillo-Cayado LA, Alfaro MC, Muñoz J. The Role of Processing Temperature in Flocculated Emulsions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Santos
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides,
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - N. Calero
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides,
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - L. A. Trujillo-Cayado
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides,
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. C. Alfaro
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides,
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J. Muñoz
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides,
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012, Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Zheng L, Cao C, Li RY, Cao LD, Zhou ZL, Li M, Huang QL. Preparation and characterization of water-in-oil emulsions of isoprothiolane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Ríos F, Fernández-Arteaga A, Lechuga M, Fernández-Serrano M. Ecotoxicological characterization of polyoxyethylene glycerol ester non-ionic surfactants and their mixtures with anionic and non-ionic surfactants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10121-10130. [PMID: 28258428 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a study that investigated the aquatic toxicity of new non-ionic surfactants derived from renewable raw materials, polyoxyethylene glycerol ester (PGE), and their binary mixtures with anionic and non-ionic surfactants. Toxicity of pure PGEs was determined using representative organisms from different trophic levels: luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), and freshwater crustaceans (Daphnia magna). Relationships between toxicity and the structural parameters such as unit of ethylene oxide (EO) and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) were evaluated. Critical micellar concentration (CMC) in the conditions of the toxicity test was also determined. It was found that the toxicity of the aqueous solutions of PGE decreased when the number of EO units in the molecule, HLB, and CMC increased. PGEs showed lower CMC in marine medium, and the toxicity to V. ficheri is lower when the CMC was higher. Given their non-polar nature, narcosis was expected to be the primary mode of toxic action of PGEs. For the mixture of surfactants, we observed that the mixtures with PGE that had the higher numbers of EO units were more toxic than the aqueous solutions of pure surfactants. Moreover, we found that concentration addition was the type of action more likely to occur for mixtures of PGE with lower numbers of EO units with non-ionic surfactants (alkylpolyglucoside and fatty alcohol ethoxylate), whereas for the mixture of PGE with lower EO units and anionic surfactant (ether carboxylic derivative), the most common response type was response addition. In case of mixtures involving amphoteric surfactants and PGEs with the higher numbers of EO units, no clear pattern with regard to the mixture toxicity response type could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ríos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuela Lechuga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernández-Serrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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11
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Trujillo-Cayado LA, Alfaro MC, García M, Muñoz J. Comparison of homogenization processes for the development of green O/W emulsions formulated with N,N-dimethyldecanamide. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Trujillo-Cayado LA, Alfaro MC, García MC, Muñoz J. Physical stability of N,N-dimethyldecanamide/α-pinene-in-water emulsions as influenced by surfactant concentration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 149:154-161. [PMID: 27756011 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interest in submicron emulsions has increased due to their high stability and potential applications in the encapsulation and release of active ingredients in many industrial fields, such as the food industry, pharmaceuticals or agrochemicals. Furthermore, the social demand for eco-friendly solutions to replace hazardous solvents in many dispersion formulations has steadily risen. In this study, the influence of surfactant concentration on the formation and physical stability of submicron oil-in-water emulsions using a high-pressure dual-channel homogenizer (microfluidizer) has been investigated. The formulation involved the use of a blend of two green solvents (N,N-dimethyldecanamide and α-pinene) as dispersed phase and a nonionic polyoxyethylene glycerol ester derived from coconut oil as emulsifier (Levenol® C-201), which enjoys a European eco-label. Therefore, these emulsions may find applications as matrices for agrochemicals. Physical stability and rheological properties of the emulsions studied showed an important dependence on the eco-friendly surfactant concentration. The lowest surfactant concentration (1wt%) yielded the onset of a creaming process after a short aging time and was not enough to avoid recoalescence during emulsification. On the other hand, the higher surfactant concentrations (4-5wt%) resulted in depletion flocculation, which in turn triggered emulsion destabilization by coalescence. The optimum physical stability was exhibited by emulsions containing intermediate surfactant concentrations (2-3wt%) since coalescence was hardly significant and the onset of a weak creaming destabilization process was substantially delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Trujillo-Cayado
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P. García González, 1, E41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M C Alfaro
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P. García González, 1, E41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - M C García
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P. García González, 1, E41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Muñoz
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P. García González, 1, E41012, Sevilla, Spain
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13
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Trujillo-Cayado L, Alfaro M, Raymundo A, Sousa I, Muñoz J. Rheological behavior of aqueous dispersions containing blends of rhamsan and welan polysaccharides with an eco-friendly surfactant. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:430-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Trujillo-Cayado LA, Santos J, Alfaro MC, Calero N, Muñoz J. A Further Step in the Development of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Formulated with a Mixture of Green Solvents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Trujillo-Cayado
- Reología
Aplicada.
Tecnología de Coloides. Departamento de Ingeniería Química.
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/P. García
González, 1, E41012, Sevilla Spain
| | - Jenifer Santos
- Reología
Aplicada.
Tecnología de Coloides. Departamento de Ingeniería Química.
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/P. García
González, 1, E41012, Sevilla Spain
| | - M Carmen Alfaro
- Reología
Aplicada.
Tecnología de Coloides. Departamento de Ingeniería Química.
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/P. García
González, 1, E41012, Sevilla Spain
| | - Nuria Calero
- Reología
Aplicada.
Tecnología de Coloides. Departamento de Ingeniería Química.
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/P. García
González, 1, E41012, Sevilla Spain
| | - José Muñoz
- Reología
Aplicada.
Tecnología de Coloides. Departamento de Ingeniería Química.
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/P. García
González, 1, E41012, Sevilla Spain
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15
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Trujillo-Cayado LA, García MC, Muñoz J, Alfaro MC. Development, rheological properties, and physical stability ofd-limonene-in-water emulsions formulated with copolymers as emulsifiers. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Trujillo-Cayado
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología De Coloides, Departamento De Ingeniería Química, Facultad De Química; Universidad De Sevilla C/P. García González; Sevilla E41012 Spain
| | - M. Carmen García
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología De Coloides, Departamento De Ingeniería Química, Facultad De Química; Universidad De Sevilla C/P. García González; Sevilla E41012 Spain
| | - José Muñoz
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología De Coloides, Departamento De Ingeniería Química, Facultad De Química; Universidad De Sevilla C/P. García González; Sevilla E41012 Spain
| | - M. Carmen Alfaro
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología De Coloides, Departamento De Ingeniería Química, Facultad De Química; Universidad De Sevilla C/P. García González; Sevilla E41012 Spain
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16
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Trujillo-Cayado L, Alfaro M, Muñoz J, Raymundo A, Sousa I. Development and rheological properties of ecological emulsions formulated with a biosolvent and two microbial polysaccharides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Santos J, Trujillo-Cayado L, Calero N, Alfaro M, Muñoz J. Development of eco-friendly emulsions produced by microfluidization technique. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Santos J, Calero N, Muñoz J. Optimization of a green emulsion stability by tuning homogenization rate. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10207g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study has been focused on the development of stable emulsions using ecofriendly ingredients and taking into account that energy requirements should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Santos
- Reología Aplicada
- Tecnología de Coloides
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - Nuria Calero
- Reología Aplicada
- Tecnología de Coloides
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - José Muñoz
- Reología Aplicada
- Tecnología de Coloides
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
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19
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Olejnik A, Schroeder G, Nowak I. The tetrapeptide N -acetyl-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Leu in skin care formulations—Physicochemical and release studies. Int J Pharm 2015; 492:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Santos J, Calero N, Muñoz J. Influence of the concentration of a polyoxyethylene glycerol ester on the physical stability of submicron emulsions. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Santos J, Vladisavljević GT, Holdich RG, Dragosavac MM, Muñoz J. Controlled production of eco-friendly emulsions using direct and premix membrane emulsification. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Pérez-Mosqueda LM, Trujillo-Cayado LA, Carrillo F, Ramírez P, Muñoz J. Formulation and optimization by experimental design of eco-friendly emulsions based on d-limonene. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:127-131. [PMID: 25734966 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
d-Limonene is a natural occurring solvent that can replace more pollutant chemicals in agrochemical formulations. In the present work, a comprehensive study of the influence of dispersed phase mass fraction, ϕ, and of the surfactant/oil ratio, R, on the emulsion stability and droplet size distribution of d-limonene-in-water emulsions stabilized by a non-ionic triblock copolymer surfactant has been carried out. An experimental full factorial design 3(2) was conducted in order to optimize the emulsion formulation. The independent variables, ϕ and R were studied in the range 10-50 wt% and 0.02-0.1, respectively. The emulsions studied were mainly destabilized by both creaming and Ostwald ripening. Therefore, initial droplet size and an overall destabilization parameter, the so-called turbiscan stability index, were used as dependent variables. The optimal formulation, comprising minimum droplet size and maximum stability was achieved at ϕ=50 wt%; R=0.062. Furthermore, the surface response methodology allowed us to obtain the formulation yielding sub-micron emulsions by using a single step rotor/stator homogenizer process instead of most commonly used two-step emulsification methods. In addition, the optimal formulation was further improved against Ostwald ripening by adding silicone oil to the dispersed phase. The combination of these experimental findings allowed us to gain a deeper insight into the stability of these emulsions, which can be applied to the rational development of new formulations with potential application in agrochemical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Pérez-Mosqueda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, P. García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis A Trujillo-Cayado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, P. García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Carrillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, P. García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, P. García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, P. García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Pérez-Mosqueda LM, Ramírez P, Trujillo-Cayado LA, Santos J, Muñoz J. Development of eco-friendly submicron emulsions stabilized by a bio-derived gum. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:797-802. [PMID: 25454661 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many traditional organic solvents are being gradually replaced by ecofriendly alternatives. D-Limonene is a terpenic (bio)-solvent that fulfils the requirements to be considered a green solvent. D-Limonene sub-micron emulsions suffer from Ostwald ripening destabilization. In this study, we examined the influence of the addition of a natural gum (rosin gum) to D-limonene in order to prevent Ostwald ripening. This contribution deals with the study of emulsions formulated with a mixture of D-limonene and rosin gum as dispersed phase and Pluronic PE9400 as emulsifier. The procedure followed for the development of these formulations was based on the application of product design principles. This led to the optimum ratio rosin gum/D-limonene and subsequently to the optimum surfactant concentration. The combination of different techniques (rheology, laser diffraction and multiple light scattering) was demonstrated to be a powerful tool to assist in the prediction of the emulsions destabilization process. Not only did the addition of rosin gum highly increase the stability of these emulsions by inhibiting the Ostwald ripening, but it also reduced the emulsions droplet size. Thus, we found that stable sub-micron D-limonene-in-water emulsions have been obtained in the range 3-6 wt% Pluronic PE-9400 by means of a single-step rotor/stator homogenizing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis María Pérez-Mosqueda
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Luis Alfonso Trujillo-Cayado
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jenifer Santos
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Muñoz
- Reología Aplicada, Tecnología de Coloides, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P, García González, 1, E41012 Sevilla, Spain
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