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Salerno S, De Santo MP, Drioli E, De Bartolo L. Nano- and Micro-Porous Chitosan Membranes for Human Epidermal Stratification and Differentiation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060394. [PMID: 34071873 PMCID: PMC8227018 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The creation of partial or complete human epidermis represents a critical aspect and the major challenge of skin tissue engineering. This work was aimed at investigating the effect of nano- and micro-structured CHT membranes on human keratinocyte stratification and differentiation. To this end, nanoporous and microporous membranes of chitosan (CHT) were prepared by phase inversion technique tailoring the operational parameters in order to obtain nano- and micro-structured flat membranes with specific surface properties. Microporous structures with different mean pore diameters were created by adding and dissolving, in the polymeric solution, polyethylene glycol (PEG Mw 10,000 Da) as porogen, with a different CHT/PEG ratio. The developed membranes were characterized and assessed for epidermal construction by culturing human keratinocytes on them for up to 21 days. The overall results demonstrated that the membrane surface properties strongly affect the stratification and terminal differentiation of human keratinocytes. In particular, human keratinocytes adhered on nanoporous CHT membranes, developing the structure of the corneum epidermal top layer, characterized by low thickness and low cell proliferation. On the microporous CHT membrane, keratinocytes formed an epidermal basal lamina, with high proliferating cells that stratified and differentiated over time, migrating along the z axis and forming a multilayered epidermis. This strategy represents an attractive tissue engineering approach for the creation of specific human epidermal strata for testing the effects and toxicity of drugs, cosmetics and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Salerno
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (L.D.B.); Tel.: +39-09-8449-2034 (S.S.); +39-09-8449-2036 (L.D.B.)
| | - Maria Penelope De Santo
- Department of Physics and CNR-Nanotec, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, cubo 31/C, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Loredana De Bartolo
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (L.D.B.); Tel.: +39-09-8449-2034 (S.S.); +39-09-8449-2036 (L.D.B.)
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Amaral HR, Wilson JA, do Amaral RJ, Pasçu I, de Oliveira FC, Kearney CJ, Freitas JC, Heise A. Synthesis of bilayer films from regenerated cellulose nanofibers and poly(globalide) for skin tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II expression and its potential role in skin aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:1619-1632. [PMID: 30888968 PMCID: PMC6461173 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is an intricate biological process consisting of intrinsic and extrinsic alterations of epidermal and dermal structures. Retinoids play an important role in epidermal cell growth and differentiation and are beneficial to counteract skin aging. Cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II (CRABP-II) selectively binds all trans-retinoic acid, the most active retinoid metabolite, contributing to regulate intracytoplasmic retinoid trafficking and keratinocyte differentiation. Immunohistochemistry revealed a reduced epidermal and dermal CRABP-II expression in aged human and mouse skin. To better clarify the role of CRABP-II, we investigated age-related skin changes in CRABP-II knock-out mice. We documented an early reduction of keratinocyte layers, proliferation and differentiation rate, dermal and hypodermal thickness, pilosebaceous units and dermal vascularity in CRABP-II knock-out compared with wild-type mice. Ultrastructural investigation documented reduced number and secretion of epidermal lamellar bodies in CRABP-II knock-out compared with wild-type mice. Cultured CRABP-II knock-out-derived dermal fibroblasts proliferated less and showed reduced levels of TGF-β signal-related genes, Col1A1, Col1A2, and increased MMP2 transcripts compared with those from wild-type. Our data strongly support the hypothesis that a reduction of CRABP-II expression accelerates and promotes skin aging, and suggest CRABP-II as a novel target to improve the efficacy of retinoid-mediated anti-aging therapies.
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Das P, Salerno S, Remigy JC, Lahitte JF, Bacchin P, De Bartolo L. Double porous poly (Ɛ-caprolactone)/chitosan membrane scaffolds as niches for human mesenchymal stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110493. [PMID: 31525601 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we developed membrane scaffolds to mimic the biochemical and biophysical properties of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) niches to help direct self-renewal and proliferation providing to cells all necessary chemical, mechanical and topographical cues. The strategy was to create three-dimensional membrane scaffolds with double porosity, able to promote the mass transfer of nutrients and to entrap cells. We developed poly (Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/chitosan (CHT) blend membranes consisting of double porous morphology: (i) surface macrovoids (big pores) which could be easily accessible for hMSCs invasion and proliferation; (ii) interconnected microporous network to transfer essential nutrients, oxygen, growth factors between the macrovoids and throughout the scaffolds. We varied the mean macrovoid size, effective surface area and surface morphology by varying the PCL/CHT blend composition (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30). Membranes exhibited macrovoids connected with each other through a microporous network; macrovoids size increased by increasing the CHT wt%. Cells adhered on the surfaces of PCL/CHT 100/0 and PCL/CHT 90/10 membranes, that are characterized by a high effective surface area and small macrovoids while PCL/CHT 80/20 and PCL/CHT 70/30 membranes with large macrovoids and low effective surface area entrapped cells inside macrovoids. The scaffolds were able to create a permissive environment for hMSC adhesion and invasion promoting viability and metabolism, which are important for the maintenance of cell integrity. We found a relationship between hMSCs proliferation and oxygen uptake rate with surface mean macrovoid size and effective surface area. The macrovoids enabled the cell invasion into the membrane and the microporosity ensured an adequate diffusive mass transfer of nutrients and metabolites, which are essential for the long-term maintenance of cell viability and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Das
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5503, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Simona Salerno
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Remigy
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5503, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Lahitte
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5503, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Bacchin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5503, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Loredana De Bartolo
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy.
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Galiano F, Briceño K, Marino T, Molino A, Christensen KV, Figoli A. Advances in biopolymer-based membrane preparation and applications. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dermal-epidermal membrane systems by using human keratinocytes and mesenchymal stem cells isolated from dermis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 71:943-953. [PMID: 27987793 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dermal-epidermal membrane systems were developed by co-culturing human keratinocytes with Skin derived Stem Cells (SSCs), which are Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) isolated from dermis, on biodegradable membranes of chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and a polymeric blend of CHT and PCL. The membranes display physico-chemical, morphological, mechanical and biodegradation properties that could satisfy and fulfil specific requirements in skin tissue engineering. CHT membrane exhibits an optimal biodegradation rate for acute wounds; CHT-PCL for the chronic ones. On the other hand, PCL membrane in spite of its very slow biodegradation rate exhibits mechanical properties similar to in vivo dermis, a lower hydrophilic character, and a surface roughness, all properties that make it able to sustain cell adhesion and proliferation for in vitro skin models. Both CHT-PCL and PCL membranes guided epidermal and dermal differentiation of SSCs as pointed out by the expression of cytokeratins and the deposition of the ECM protein fibronectin, respectively. In the dermal-epidermal membrane systems, a more suitable microenvironment for the SSCs differentiation was promoted by the interactions and the mutual interplay with keratinocytes. Being skin tissue-biased stem cells committed to their specific final dermal and/or epidermal cell differentiation, SSCs are more suitable for skin tissue engineering than other adult MSCs with different origin. For this reason, they represent a useful autologous cell source for engineering skin substitutes for both in vivo and in vitro applications.
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