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Costa W, Félix Farias AF, Silva-Filho EC, Osajima JA, Medina-Carrasco S, Del Mar Orta M, Fonseca MG. Polysaccharide Hydroxyapatite (Nano)composites and Their Biomedical Applications: An Overview of Recent Years. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30035-30070. [PMID: 39035931 PMCID: PMC11256335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite can combine with polysaccharide originating biomaterials with special applications in the biomedical field. In this review, the synthesis of (nano)composites is discussed, focusing on natural polysaccharides such as alginate, chitosan, and pectin. In this way, advances in recent years in the development of preparing materials are revised and discussed. Therefore, an overview of the recent synthesis and applications of polyssacharides@hydroxyapatites is presented. Several studies based on chitosan@hydroxyapatite combined with other inorganic matrices are highlighted, while pectin@hydroxyapatite is present in a smaller number of reports. Biomedical applications as drug carriers, adsorbents, and bone implants are discussed, combining their dependence with the nature of interactions on the molecular scale and the type of polysaccharides used, which is a relevant aspect to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson
Barros Costa
- Fuel and
Materials Laboratory − NPE-LACOM, UFPB, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Ana F. Félix Farias
- Fuel and
Materials Laboratory − NPE-LACOM, UFPB, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Josy A. Osajima
- Interdisciplinary
Laboratory for Advanced Materials − LIMAV, UFPI, 64049-550, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Santiago Medina-Carrasco
- SGI Laboratorio
de Rayos X - Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación de la Universidad de Sevilla
(CITIUS), 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Orta
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García, González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria G. Fonseca
- Fuel and
Materials Laboratory − NPE-LACOM, UFPB, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
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Goldberg MA, Antonova OS, Donskaya NO, Fomin AS, Murzakhanov FF, Gafurov MR, Konovalov AA, Kotyakov AA, Leonov AV, Smirnov SV, Obolkina TO, Kudryavtsev EA, Barinov SM, Komlev VS. Effects of Various Ripening Media on the Mesoporous Structure and Morphology of Hydroxyapatite Powders. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:418. [PMID: 36770379 PMCID: PMC9919035 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HA) materials demonstrate advantages as catalysts and as support systems for catalysis, as adsorbent materials for removing contamination from soil and water, and as nanocarriers of functional agents for bone-related therapies. The present research demonstrates the possibility of the enlargement of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area (SSA), pore volume, and average pore diameter via changing the synthesis medium and ripening the material in the mother solution after the precipitation processes have been completed. HA powders were investigated via chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Their SSA, pore volume, and pore-size distributions were determined via low-temperature nitrogen adsorption measurements, the zeta potential was established, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was performed. When the materials were synthesized in water-ethanol and water-acetone media, the SSA and total pore volume were 52.1 m2g-1 and 116.4 m2g-1, and 0.231 and 0.286 cm3g-1, respectively. After ripening for 21 days, the particle morphology changed, the length/width aspect ratio decreased, and looser and smaller powder agglomerates were obtained. These changes in their characteristics led to an increase in SSA for the water and water-ethanol samples, while pore volume demonstrated a multiplied increase for all samples, reaching 0.593 cm3g-1 for the water-acetone sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A. Goldberg
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Olga S. Antonova
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Nadezhda O. Donskaya
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Fomin
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Fadis F. Murzakhanov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Marat R. Gafurov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Anatoliy A. Konovalov
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Artem A. Kotyakov
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Leonov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Smirnov
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Tatiana O. Obolkina
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Egor A. Kudryavtsev
- Joint Research Center of Belgorod State National Research University «Technology and Materials», Belgorod State National Research University, Pobedy Str., 85, Belgorod 308015, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Barinov
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Komlev
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
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An W, Ma J, Xu Q, Zhang H, Wei L, Kim KH, Xu Y. 3-D Flower-like Templated LDH-rGO as Coating Additive for Flame Retardant Products. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 631:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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4
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Vakh C, Malkova K, Syukkalova E, Bobrysheva N, Voznesenskiy M, Bulatov A, Osmolovskaya O. Chemical and computational strategy for design of "switchable" sorbent based on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of tetracyclines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126504. [PMID: 34323728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A challenging task in analytical chemistry is an application of renewable and natural materials for isolation of hazardous substances such as antimicrobial drugs from environmental samples. The energy-efficient scalable hydrothermal procedure to fabricate the eco-friendly "switchable" sorbent based on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with in situ modified surface using a small amount of capping agents was developed. Sorbents characterization including the surface composition investigation via quantum-chemical calculation based on the original approach was provided. The sorbents demonstrated well expressed controllable surface switching and high values of the sorption and elution efficiency for tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline achieved by simple change of the medium pH. These processes were thoroughly discussed based on the results of chemical and computational experiments. A simple and universal strategy for choosing a suitable sorbent for solid phase extraction of target analytes was proposed for the first time. It was shown that the developed eco-friendly sample preparation procedure with use of biocompatible sorbents could be applied both for removal of target analytes from sample matrix (water samples) as well as for the quantitative analytes determination after elution step. It is believed that the presented research is significant for the determination of different amphoteric analytes in wide variety of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vakh
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Ksenia Malkova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Syukkalova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Natalia Bobrysheva
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail Voznesenskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Andrey Bulatov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Olga Osmolovskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Pure hydroxyapatite synthesis originating from amorphous calcium carbonate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11546. [PMID: 34078994 PMCID: PMC8173018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a synthesis strategy for pure hydroxyapatite (HAp) using an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) colloid as the starting source. Room-temperature phosphorylation and subsequent calcination produce pure HAp via intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). The pre-calcined sample undergoes a competitive transformation from ACC to ACP and crystalline calcium carbonate. The water content, ACC concentration, Ca/P molar ratio, and pH during the phosphorylation reaction play crucial roles in the final phase of the crystalline phosphate compound. Pure HAp is formed after ACP is transformed from ACC at a low concentration (1 wt%) of ACC colloid (1.71 < Ca/P < 1.88), whereas Ca/P = 1.51 leads to pure β-tricalcium phosphate. The ACP phases are precursors for calcium phosphate compounds and may determine the final crystalline phase.
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Goldberg MA, Gafurov MR, Murzakhanov FF, Fomin AS, Antonova OS, Khairutdinova DR, Pyataev AV, Makshakova ON, Konovalov AA, Leonov AV, Akhmedova SA, Sviridova IK, Sergeeva NS, Barinov SM, Komlev VS. Mesoporous Iron(III)-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders Obtained via Iron Oxalate. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030811. [PMID: 33809993 PMCID: PMC8005114 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HA) and iron(III)-doped HA (Fe-HA) are attractive materials for biomedical, catalytic, and environmental applications. In the present study, the nanopowders of HA and Fe-HA with a specific surface area up to 194.5 m2/g were synthesized by a simple precipitation route using iron oxalate as a source of Fe3+ cations. The influence of Fe3+ amount on the phase composition, powders morphology, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area (S), and pore size distribution were investigated, as well as electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis were performed. According to obtained data, the Fe3+ ions were incorporated in the HA lattice, and also amorphous Fe oxides were formed contributed to the gradual increase in the S and pore volume of the powders. The Density Functional Theory calculations supported these findings and revealed Fe3+ inclusion in the crystalline region with the hybridization among Fe-3d and O-2p orbitals and a partly covalent bond formation, whilst the inclusion of Fe oxides assumed crystallinity damage and rather occurred in amorphous regions of HA nanomaterial. In vitro tests based on the MG-63 cell line demonstrated that the introduction of Fe3+ does not cause cytotoxicity and led to the enhanced cytocompatibility of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A. Goldberg
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (A.S.F.); (O.S.A.); (D.R.K.); (A.A.K.); (S.M.B.); (V.S.K.)
- Correspondence: or (M.A.G.); (M.R.G.); Tel.: +7-9296516331 (M.A.G.); +7-8432337638 (M.R.G.)
| | - Marat R. Gafurov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia; (F.F.M.); (A.V.P.)
- Correspondence: or (M.A.G.); (M.R.G.); Tel.: +7-9296516331 (M.A.G.); +7-8432337638 (M.R.G.)
| | - Fadis F. Murzakhanov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia; (F.F.M.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Alexander S. Fomin
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (A.S.F.); (O.S.A.); (D.R.K.); (A.A.K.); (S.M.B.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Olga S. Antonova
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (A.S.F.); (O.S.A.); (D.R.K.); (A.A.K.); (S.M.B.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Dinara R. Khairutdinova
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (A.S.F.); (O.S.A.); (D.R.K.); (A.A.K.); (S.M.B.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Andrew V. Pyataev
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia; (F.F.M.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olga N. Makshakova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan 420111, Russia;
| | - Anatoliy A. Konovalov
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (A.S.F.); (O.S.A.); (D.R.K.); (A.A.K.); (S.M.B.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Leonov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Suraya A. Akhmedova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia; (S.A.A.); (I.K.S.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Irina K. Sviridova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia; (S.A.A.); (I.K.S.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Natalia S. Sergeeva
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia; (S.A.A.); (I.K.S.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Sergey M. Barinov
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (A.S.F.); (O.S.A.); (D.R.K.); (A.A.K.); (S.M.B.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Vladimir S. Komlev
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (A.S.F.); (O.S.A.); (D.R.K.); (A.A.K.); (S.M.B.); (V.S.K.)
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7
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Development of Mesopore Structure of Mixed Metal Oxide through Albumin-Templated Coprecipitation and Reconstruction of Layered Double Hydroxide. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030620. [PMID: 33801502 PMCID: PMC7999424 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mixed metal oxide (MMO) with relatively homogeneous mesopores was successfully obtained by calcination and reconstruction of albumin-templated layered double hydroxide (LDH). The aggregation degree of albumin-template was controlled by adjusting two different synthesis routes, coprecipitation and reconstruction. X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopic images indicated that crystal growth of LDH was fairly limited during albumin-templated coprecipitation due to the aggregation. On the hand, crystal growth along the lateral direction was facilitated in albumin-templated reconstruction due to the homogeneous distribution of proteins moiety. Different state of albumin during LDH synthesis influenced the local disorder and porous structure of calcination product, MMO. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms demonstrated that calcination on reconstructed LDH produced MMO with large specific surface area and narrow distribution of mesopores compared with calcination of coprecipitated LDH.
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Oliveira C, de Oliveira ALM, Chantelle L, Landers R, Medina-Carrasco S, Del Mar Orta M, Silva Filho EC, Fonseca MG. Zinc (II) modified hydroxyapatites for tetracycline removal: Zn (II) doping or ZnO deposition and their influence in the adsorption. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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de Lima CO, de Oliveira ALM, Chantelle L, Silva Filho EC, Jaber M, Fonseca MG. Zn-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatites and their antimicrobial properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 198:111471. [PMID: 33257159 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, zinc-based materials have gained immense attention as antimicrobial agents. In this study, zinc-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatites (HAps) with various Zn contents were prepared by co-precipitation using a phosphoprotein as the porous template. The use of the phosphoprotein as the porous template resulted in the formation of zinc-doped mesoporous HAps (mHAps) with large pores and specific surface area (182 m2 g-1), as indicated by the nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. The formation of the zinc-doped HAps was confirmed by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The biomaterials prepared in this study were used as antimicrobial agents against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The Zn2%-mHAp sample showed the maximum bacterial inhibitory concentrations of 50 ± 5% and 77 ± 5% for the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the mHAp samples depended strongly on their Zn2+ content. Thus, the use of a biotemplate and Zn2+ ions is an efficient approach for the formation of novel HAp-based biomaterials with promising antibacterial properties. This synthesis approach will pave a new pathway for the functionalization of other materials for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleibson Oliveira de Lima
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão LACOM, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - André L Menezes de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão LACOM, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Laís Chantelle
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão LACOM, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Edson C Silva Filho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials-LIMAV, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, 64049- 11 550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Maguy Jaber
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), CNRS UMR 8220, UPMC - Tour 23, 3ème étage, couloir 23-33, BP 225, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maria Gardênia Fonseca
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão LACOM, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Amino hydroxyapatite/chitosan hybrids reticulated with glutaraldehyde at different pH values and their use for diclofenac removal. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Hövelmann J, Stawski TM, Besselink R, Freeman HM, Dietmann KM, Mayanna S, Pauw BR, Benning LG. A template-free and low temperature method for the synthesis of mesoporous magnesium phosphate with uniform pore structure and high surface area. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6939-6951. [PMID: 30916071 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous phosphates are a group of nanostructured materials with promising applications, particularly in biomedicine and catalysis. However, their controlled synthesis via conventional template-based routes presents a number of challenges and limitations. Here, we show how to synthesize a mesoporous magnesium phosphate with a high surface area and a well-defined pore structure through thermal decomposition of a crystalline struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) precursor. In a first step, struvite crystals with various morphologies and sizes, ranging from a few micrometers to several millimeters, had been synthesized from supersaturated aqueous solutions (saturation index (SI) between 0.5 and 4) at ambient pressure and temperature conditions. Afterwards, the crystals were thermally treated at 70-250 °C leading to the release of structurally bound water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3). By combining thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), N2 sorption analyses and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) we show that this decomposition process results in a pseudomorphic transformation of the original struvite into an amorphous Mg-phosphate. Of particular importance is the fact that the final material is characterized by a very uniform mesoporous structure with 2-5 nm wide pore channels, a large specific surface area of up to 300 m2 g-1 and a total pore volume of up to 0.28 cm3 g-1. Our struvite decomposition method is well controllable and reproducible and can be easily extended to the synthesis of other mesoporous phosphates. In addition, the so produced mesoporous material is a prime candidate for use in biomedical applications considering that magnesium phosphate is a widely used, non-toxic substance that has already shown excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Hövelmann
- German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Interface Geochemistry, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
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