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Alsharedeh RH, Rezigue M, Bashatwah RM, Amawi H, Aljabali AAA, Obeid MA, Tambuwala MM. Nanomaterials as a Potential Target for Infectious Parasitic Agents. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:828-851. [PMID: 36815647 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230223085403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the technological advancement in the era of personalized medicine and therapeutics development, infectious parasitic causative agents remain one of the most challenging areas of research and development. The disadvantages of conventional parasitic prevention and control are the emergence of multiple drug resistance as well as the non-specific targeting of intracellular parasites, which results in high dose concentration needs and subsequently intolerable cytotoxicity. Nanotechnology has attracted extensive interest to reduce medication therapy adverse effects including poor bioavailability and drug selectivity. Numerous nanomaterials-based delivery systems have previously been shown in animal models to be effective in the treatment of various parasitic infections. This review discusses a variety of nanomaterials-based antiparasitic procedures and techniques as well as the processes that allow them to be targeted to different parasitic infections. This review focuses on the key prerequisites for creating novel nanotechnology-based carriers as a potential option in parasite management, specifically in the context of human-related pathogenic parasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan H Alsharedeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Meriem Rezigue
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Rasha M Bashatwah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Brayford Pool Campus, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
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2
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Das NC, Chakraborty P, Nandy S, Dey A, Malik T, Mukherjee S. Programmed cell death pathways as targets for developing antifilarial drugs: Lessons from the recent findings. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2819-2840. [PMID: 37605891 PMCID: PMC10538269 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
More than half a century has passed since the introduction of the National Filariasis Control Program; however, as of 2023, lymphatic filariasis (LF) still prevails globally, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions, posing a substantial challenge to the objective of worldwide elimination. LF is affecting human beings and its economically important livestock leading to a crucial contributor to morbidities and disabilities. The current scenario has been blowing up alarms of attention to develop potent therapeutics and strategies having efficiency against the adult stage of filarial nematodes. In this context, the exploration of a suitable drug target that ensures lethality to macro and microfilariae is now our first goal to achieve. Apoptosis has been the potential target across all three stages of filarial nematodes viz. oocytes, microfilariae (mf) and adults resulting in filarial death after receiving the signal from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and executed through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Hence, it is considered a leading target for developing antifilarial drugs. Herein, we have shown the efficacy of several natural and synthetic compounds/nanoformulations in triggering the apoptotic death of filarial parasites with little or no toxicity to the host body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chandra Das
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal ScienceKazi Nazrul UniversityAsansolIndia
| | - Pritha Chakraborty
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal ScienceKazi Nazrul UniversityAsansolIndia
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life SciencePresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
- School of PharmacyGraphic Era Hill UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life SciencePresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
| | | | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal ScienceKazi Nazrul UniversityAsansolIndia
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3
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Okeke ES, Nweze EJ, Anaduaka EG, Okoye CO, Anosike CA, Joshua PE, Ezeorba TPC. Plant-derived nanomaterials (PDNM): a review on pharmacological potentials against pathogenic microbes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and some metabolic diseases. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:291. [PMID: 37547919 PMCID: PMC10403488 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived nanomaterials (PDNM) have gained significant attention recently due to their potential pharmacological applications against pathogenic microbes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and certain metabolic diseases. This review introduces the concept of PDNMs and their unique properties, including their small size, high surface area, and ability to penetrate biological barriers. Besides various methods for synthesizing PDNMs, such as green synthesis techniques that utilize plant extracts and natural compounds, the advantages of using plant-derived materials, such as their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity, were elucidated. In addition, it examines the recent and emerging trends in nanomaterials derived from plant approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance and metabolic diseases. The sizes of nanomaterials and their surface areas are vital as they play essential roles in the interactions and relationships between these materials and the biological components or organization. We critically analyze the biomedical applications of nanoparticles which include antibacterial composites for implantable devices and nanosystems to combat antimicrobial resistance, enhance antibiotic delivery, and improve microbial diagnostic/detection systemsIn addition, plant extracts can potentially interfere with metabolic syndrome pathways; hence most nano-formulations can reduce chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and antimicrobial resistance. As a result, these innovative plant-based nanosystems may be a promising contender for various pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Ekene John Nweze
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
| | - Emeka Godwin Anaduaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
| | - Charles Obinwanne Okoye
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chioma Assumpta Anosike
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
| | - Parker Elijah Joshua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu Nigeria
- Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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4
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Hassan Bulbul MR, Uddin Chowdhury MN, Naima TA, Sami SA, Imtiaj MS, Huda N, Uddin MG. A comprehensive review on the diverse pharmacological perspectives of Terminalia chebula Retz. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10220. [PMID: 36051270 PMCID: PMC9424961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz, commonly known as 'Haritaki/Myrobalan,' has been utilised as a traditional medicine for a long time. It has been extensively exercised in various indigenous medicine practices like Unani, Tibb, Ayurveda, and Siddha to remedy human ailments such as bleeding, carminative, dysentery, liver tonic, digestive, antidiarrheal, analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial and helpful in skin disorders. Studies on the pharmacological effects of T. chebula and its phytoconstituents documented between January, 1996 and December, 2021 were explored using various electronic databases. During the time mentioned above, several laboratory approaches revealed the biological properties of T. chebula, including antioxidative, antiproliferative, anti-microbial, proapoptotic, anti-diabetic, anti-ageing, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiepileptic. It is also beneficial in glucose and lipid metabolism and prevents atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. Different parts of T. chebula such as fruits, seeds, galls, barks extracted with various solvent systems (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl-acetate) revealed major bioactive compounds like chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, and chebulaginic acid, which in turn proved to have valuable pharmacological properties through broad scientific investigations. There is a common link between chebulagic acid and chebulanin with its antioxidant property, antiaging activity, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic activity, and cardioprotective activity. The actions may be through neutralizing the free radicals responsible for producing tissue damage alongside interconnecting many other diseases. The current review summarises the scientifically documented literature on pharmacological potentials and chemical compositions of T. chebula, which is expected to investigate further studies on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taslima Anjum Naima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Saad Ahmed Sami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shakil Imtiaj
- Department of Chemistry, Government City College, National University, Gazipur, 1708, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Huda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, 78539, USA
| | - Md. Giash Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
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5
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Zhou B, Guo X, Yang N, Huang Z, Huang L, Fang Z, Zhang C, Li L, Yu C. Surface engineering strategies of gold nanomaterials and their applications in biomedicine and detection. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5583-5598. [PMID: 34161402 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanomaterials have potential applications in biosensors and biomedicine due to their controllable synthesis steps, high biocompatibility, low toxicity and easy surface modification. However, there are still various limitations including low water solubility and stability, which greatly affect their applications. In addition, some synthetic methods are very complicated and costly. Therefore, huge efforts have been made to improve their properties. This review mainly introduces the strategies for surface modification of gold nanomaterials, such as amines, biological small molecules and organic small molecules as well as the biological applications of these functionalized AuNPs. We aim to provide effective ideas for better functionalization of gold nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaolu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhongxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhijie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
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6
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Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) triggers oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in filarial nematode Setaria cervi channelized through ASK-1-p38 mediated caspase activation. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 242:111364. [PMID: 33639230 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of an imperative antioxidant enzyme with subsequent death is a victorious and widely accepted strategy to combat various infectious diseases. Among different antioxidant enzymes, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is an exclusive one. Studies have revealed that direct inhibition of TrxR by different classes of chemical moieties promptly results in the death of an organism. Especially the structural as well as biochemical modifications of the enzyme upon inhibition project serious threat towards the subject organism. Herein, an attempt was made to inhibit TrxR of filarial species by administering Auranofin, 1 chloro 2,4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB), Curcumin, and a novel carbamo dithioperoxo(thioate) derivative (4a). Our study has revealed that inhibition of TrxR resulted in the induction of the classical CED pathway of apoptosis along with the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis (Caspase mediated) routed through the ASK-1/p38 axis. Druggability analysis of filarial TrxR for the selected compounds was performed in silico through molecular docking studies. Therefore, this study attempts to decipher the mechanism of apoptosis induction following TrxR inhibition. The safety of those four compounds in terms of dose and toxicity was taken under consideration. Thitherto, the mechanism of TrxR mediated initiation of cell death in filarial parasite has remained undercover, and therefore, it is a maiden report on the characterization of apoptosis induction upon TrxR inhibition which will eventually help in generating effective antifilarial drugs in the future.
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7
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Shrivastava S, Gupta A, Kaur CD. The Epitome of Novel Techniques and Targeting Approaches in Drug Delivery for Treating Lymphatic Filariasis. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1250-1263. [PMID: 32603280 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200630111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic filariasis is a pervasive and life-threatening disease for human beings. Currently, 893 million people in 49 countries worldwide affected by lymphatic filariasis as per WHO statistics. The concealed aspects of lymphatic diseases such as delayed disease detection, inappropriate disease imaging, the geographical outbreak of infection, and lack of preventive chemotherapy have brought this epidemic to the edge of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Many medications and natural bioactive substances have seen to promote filaricidal activity against the target parasitic species. However, the majority of failures have occurred in pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic issues. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to focus on the challenges and therapeutic issues in the treatment of filariasis. The review brings novel techniques and therapeutic approaches for combating lymphatic filariasis. It also offers significant developments and opportunities for such therapeutic interventions. CONCLUSION Through this review, an attempt has made to critically evaluate the avenues of innovative pharmaceuticals and molecular targeting approaches to bring an integrated solution to combat lymphatic filariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shrivastava
- Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Kumhari, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 490042, India
| | - Anshita Gupta
- Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Kumhari, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 490042, India
| | - Chanchal Deep Kaur
- Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Kumhari, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 490042, India
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8
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Reguera RM, Rojo-Vázquez F, Balaña-Fouce R, Martínez-Valladares M. Drug discovery technologies: Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for anthelmintic therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1715-1753. [PMID: 32166776 DOI: 10.1002/med.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helminthiasis is one of the gravest problems worldwide. There is a growing concern on less available anthelmintics and the emergence of resistance creating a major threat to human and livestock health resources. Novel and broad-spectrum anthelmintics are urgently needed. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans could address this issue through automated high-throughput technologies for the screening of large chemical libraries. This review discusses the strong advantages and limitations for using C elegans as a screening method for anthelmintic drug discovery. C elegans is the best model available for the validation of novel effective drugs in treating most, if not all, helminth infections, and for the elucidation the mode of action of anthelmintic candidates. This review also focuses on available technologies in the discovery of anthelmintics published over the last 15 years with particular attention to high-throughput technologies over conventional screens. On the other hand, this review highlights how combinatorial and nanomedicine strategies could prolong the use of anthelmintics and control resistance problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rosa M Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Rojo-Vázquez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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9
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Myco-engineered gold nanoparticles from Jahnula aquatica coated with ampicillin/amoxicillin and their antibacterial and anticancer activity against cancer cells. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:151-170. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Ramalingam V. Multifunctionality of gold nanoparticles: Plausible and convincing properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 271:101989. [PMID: 31330396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In a couple of decades, nanotechnology has become a trending area in science due to it covers all subject that combines diverse range of fields including but not limited to chemistry, physics and medicine. Various metal and metal oxide nanomaterials have been developed for wide range applications. However, the application of gold nanostructures and nanoparticles has been received more attention in various biomedical applications. The unique property of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is surface plasmon resonance (SPR) that determine the size, shape and stability. The wide surface area of AuNPs eases the proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, and many other compounds to tether and enhance the biological activity of AuNPs. AuNPs have multifunctionality including antimicrobial, anticancer, drug and gene delivery, sensing applications and imaging. This state-of-the-art review is focused on the role of unique properties of AuNPs in multifunctionality and its various applications.
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11
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Influence of autophagy, apoptosis and their interplay in filaricidal activity of C-cinnamoyl glycosides. Parasitology 2019; 146:1451-1461. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present work aims to explore the mechanism of action of C-cinnamoyl glycoside as an antifilarial agent against the bovine filarial nematode Setaria cervi. Both apoptosis and autophagy programmed cell death pathways play a significant role in parasitic death. The generation of reactive oxygen species, alteration of the level of antioxidant components and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential may be the causative factors that drive the parasitic death. Monitoring of autophagic flux via the formation of autophagosome and autophagolysosome was detected via CYTO ID dye. The expression profiling of both apoptotic and autophagic marker proteins strongly support the initial findings of these two cell death processes. The increased interaction of pro-autophagic protein Beclin1 with BCL-2 may promote apoptotic pathway by suppressing anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 from its function. This in turn partially restrains the autophagic pathway by engaging Beclin1 in the complex. But overall positive increment in autophagic flux was observed. Dynamic interaction and regulative balance of these two critical cellular pathways play a decisive role in controlling disease pathogenesis. Therefore, the present experimental work may prosper the chance for C-cinnamoyl glycosides to become a potential antifilarial therapeutic in the upcoming day after detail in vivo study and proper clinical trial.
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12
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Tyagi R, Verma S, Mishra S, Srivastava M, Alam S, Khan F, Srivastava SK. In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives as Anti- Filarial Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1191-1200. [PMID: 31210109 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190618141450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic filariasis is one of the chronic diseases in many parts of the tropics and sub-tropics of the world despite the use of standard drugs diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin because they kill microfilaries and not the adult parasites. Therefore, new leads with activity on adult parasites are highly desirable. OBJECTIVE Anti-filarial lead optimization by semi-synthetic modification of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). METHODS The GA was first converted into 3-O-acyl derivative, which was further converted into 12 amide derivatives. All these derivatives were assessed for their antifilarial potential by parasite motility assay. The binding affinity of active GA derivatives on trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (Bm-TPP) was assessed by molecular docking studies. RESULTS Among 15 GA derivatives, GAD-2, GAD-3, and GAD-4 were found more potent than the GA and standard drug DEC. These derivatives reduced the motility of Brugia malayi adult worms by up to 74% while the GA and DEC reduced only up to 49%. Further, GA and most of its derivatives exhibited two times more reduction in MTT assay when compared to the standard drug DEC. These derivatives also showed 100% reduction of microfilariae and good interactions with Bm-TPP protein. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that 3-O-acyl and linear chain amide derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid may be potent leads against B. malayi microfilariae and adult worms. These results might be helpful in developing QSAR model for optimizing a new class of antifilarial lead from a very common, inexpensive, and non toxic natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Tyagi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Surjeet Verma
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Shikha Mishra
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Mrigank Srivastava
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
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13
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Lohar S, Dhara K, Roy P, Sinha Babu SP, Chattopadhyay P. Highly Sensitive Ratiometric Chemosensor and Biomarker for Cyanide Ions in the Aqueous Medium. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10145-10153. [PMID: 30221241 PMCID: PMC6130900 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A newly designed cyanide-selective chemosensor based on chromone containing benzothiazole groups [3-(2,3-dihydro-benzothiazol-2-yl)-chromen-4-one (DBTC)] was synthesized and structurally characterized by physico-chemical, spectroscopic, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The compound DBTC can detect cyanide anions based on nucleophilic addition as low as 5.76 nM in dimethyl sulfoxide-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-ethanesulfonic acid buffer (20 mM, pH 7.4) (v/v = 1:3). The binding mode between receptor DBTC and cyanide nucleophile has also been demonstrated by experimental studies using various spectroscopic tools and theoretical studies, and the experimental work has also been verified by characterizing one supporting compound of similar probable structure of the final product formed between DBTC and cyanide ion (DBTC-CN compound) by single-crystal X-ray analysis for detailed structural analyses. In theoretical study, density functional theory procedures have been used to calculate the molecular structure and the calculation of the Fukui function for evaluation of the electrophilic properties of each individual acceptor atom. Furthermore, the efficacy of the probe (DBTC) to detect the distribution of CN- ions in living cells has been checked by acquiring the fluorescence image using a confocal microscope. Notably, the paper strips with DBTC were prepared, and these could serve as efficient and suitable CN- test kits successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Lohar
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Dhara
- Department
of Chemistry, Sambhu Nath College, Labpur, Birbhum 731303, West Bengal, India
| | - Priya Roy
- Parasitology
Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Santi P. Sinha Babu
- Parasitology
Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Pabitra Chattopadhyay
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
- E-mail: . Phone: +91-342-2558554 ext. 424. Fax: +91-342-2530452
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Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic agent against Acanthamoeba. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3519-3525. [PMID: 30112674 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae belonging to Acanthamoeba genus are widely distributed protozoans which are able to cause infection in humans and other animals such as keratitis and encephalitis. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a vision-threatening corneal infection with currently no available fully effective treatment. Moreover, the available therapeutic options are insufficient and are very toxic to the eye. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more effective anti-amoebic agents. Nanotechnology approaches have been recently reported to be useful for the elucidation antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antiprotozoal activities and thus, they could be a good approach for the development of anti-Acanthamoeba agents. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the activity and cytotoxicity of tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles, pure silver nanoparticles and pure gold nanoparticles against clinical strains of Acanthamoeba spp. The obtained results showed a significant anti-amoebic effect of the tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles which also presented low cytotoxicity. Moreover, tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles were well absorbed by the trophozoites and did not induce encystation. On the other hand, pure silver nanoparticles were only slightly active against the trophozoite stage and pure gold nanoparticles did not show any activity. In conclusion and based on the observed results, silver nanoparticle conjugation with tannic acid may be considered as potential agent against Acanthamoeba spp.
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Marslin G, Siram K, Maqbool Q, Selvakesavan RK, Kruszka D, Kachlicki P, Franklin G. Secondary Metabolites in the Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E940. [PMID: 29865278 PMCID: PMC6024997 DOI: 10.3390/ma11060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of organisms and organic compounds to reduce metal ions and stabilize them into nanoparticles (NPs) forms the basis of green synthesis. To date, synthesis of NPs from various metal ions using a diverse array of plant extracts has been reported. However, a clear understanding of the mechanism of green synthesis of NPs is lacking. Although most studies have neglected to analyze the green-synthesized NPs (GNPs) for the presence of compounds derived from the extract, several studies have demonstrated the conjugation of sugars, secondary metabolites, and proteins in these biogenic NPs. Despite several reports on the bioactivities (antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, catalytic, etc.) of GNPs, only a handful of studies have compared these activities with their chemically synthesized counterparts. These comparisons have demonstrated that GNPs possess better bioactivities than NPs synthesized by other methods, which might be attributed to the presence of plant-derived compounds in these NPs. The ability of NPs to bind with organic compounds to form a stable complex has huge potential in the harvesting of precious molecules and for drug discovery, if harnessed meticulously. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of green synthesis and high-throughput screening of stabilizing/capping agents on the physico-chemical properties of GNPs is warranted to realize the full potential of green nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Marslin
- Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Nellore 524346, India.
| | - Karthik Siram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore 641004, India.
| | - Qaisar Maqbool
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 60479, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Kruszka
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 60479, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kachlicki
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 60479, Poland.
| | - Gregory Franklin
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 60479, Poland.
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