1
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Han SF, Jin W, Qu F, Hanelt D, Abomohra A. Integrated municipal wastewater treatment and lipid accumulation by a self-flocculating/floating microalga Limnothrix sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130165. [PMID: 38072079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the growth, self-flocculation, lipid content, and pollutants removal by Limnothrix sp. BASMWW-9 isolated from municipal wastewater treatment system and cultivated in municipal wastewater. The biomass yield and lipid content after 6 days of cultivation were 1.07 g dw/L and 27.34 %dw, respectively. In addition, its self-flocculating ability reached up to 90 % after harvesting time of 180 min. Moreover, COD,NH3-N, TN, and TP removalefficiencies were 71.65 %, 81.89 %, 74.64 %, and 80.16 %, respectively. The self-flocculation performance of Limnothrix sp. was greatly associated to its morphology and production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), with significant positive impact of the high calcium and magnesium content in municipal wastewater. Interestingly, blue light irradiation during harvest enhanced the aggregation and floc formation as a floating biomat, which was attributed to enhanced polysaccharides production. This study provides innovative harvest method for Limnothrix sp. BASMWW-9 cultivated in wastewater using blue light for enhanced lipid recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Fang Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fanqi Qu
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dieter Hanelt
- Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - Abdelfatah Abomohra
- Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22609, Germany.
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2
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Qin W, Qian K, Liu X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Wang M, Jia Y, Ma Z. Investigation of the flocculating activity of oyster shell powders on Microcystis aeruginosa with varying particle size and mechanical conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44353-44366. [PMID: 36692721 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms have been a serious environmental problem. The flocculation of Microcystis aeruginosa by oyster shell powders prepared by aerobic calcination (CO), anaerobic calcination (CN), acidification anaerobic calcination (CAN), and deacetylation anaerobic calcination (CHN) was studied. The CO800 (100 mesh) and CN800 (160 mesh) presented the highest flocculation rate of 89.46% and 77.39% when they were stirred for 1 min with speed of 750 r/min and 250 r/min, respectively. The photosynthesis and viability of the algae cells flocculated by CO800 with particle size of 100 mesh were not significantly damaged. The phosphorus nutrient could be removed by CO800 and CN800 effectively due to the presence of Ca2+, which also limited Microcystis aeruginosa growth. The study showed that the processing of oyster shell powder could be used as an effective flocculating material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Qin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Kairong Qian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xueya Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zefei Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Min Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yang Jia
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zengling Ma
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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3
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Kuzhiumparambil U, Labeeuw L, Commault A, Vu HP, Nguyen LN, Ralph PJ, Nghiem LD. Effects of harvesting on morphological and biochemical characteristics of microalgal biomass harvested by polyacrylamide addition, pH-induced flocculation, and centrifugation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127433. [PMID: 35680089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microalgae harvesting methods on microalgal biomass quality were evaluated using three species namely the freshwater green alga Chlorella vulgaris, marine red alga Porphyridium purpureum and marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Harvesting efficiencies of polyacrylamide addition, alkaline addition, and centrifugation ranged from 85 to 95, 59-92 and 100%, respectively, across these species. Morphology of the harvested cells (i.e. compromised cell walls) was significantly impacted by alkaline pH-induced flocculation for all three species. Over 50% of C. vulgaris cells were compromised with alkaline pH compared to < 10% with polyacrylamide and centrifugation. The metabolic profiles varied depending on harvesting methods. Species-specific decrease of certain metabolites was observed. These results suggest that the method of harvest can alter the metabolic profile of the biomass amongst the three harvesting methods, polyacrylamide addition showed higher harvesting efficiency with less compromised cells and higher retention of industry important biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leen Labeeuw
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Audrey Commault
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hang P Vu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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4
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Xia Y, Kishi M, Sugai Y, Toda T. Microalgal flocculation and sedimentation: spatiotemporal evaluation of the effects of the pH and calcium concentration. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1489-1498. [PMID: 35918488 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The high cost of harvesting microalgae is a major hurdle for the microalgae industry, and an efficient pre-concentration method is required. In this study, the effects of using different pH values (between pH 3 and 11) and calcium (Ca2+) concentrations (between 0 and 5 mM) on Chlorella vulgaris sedimentation were investigated by evaluating the spacio-temporal distributions of microalgae cells. Fast and efficient sedimentation occurred (within 10 min) at a high Ca2+ concentration (5 mM) at pH 9 and 11. However, the sediment volume was lower at a Ca2+ concentration of 3 mM than at a Ca2+ concentration of 5 mM. This indicated that the Ca2+ concentration strongly affected the sediment volume. Fast sedimentation and a low sediment volume were found at pH 7 and a Ca2+ concentration of 5 mM, probably because of the neutral charge in the system (adhesion to calcium precipitates would have occurred at a high pH). The highest Ca2+ recovery (82%) was achieved when sediment produced at pH 11 and a Ca2+ concentration of 5 mM was acidified to pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Xia
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji City, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Kishi
- Institute of Plankton Eco-Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji City, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan
| | - Youta Sugai
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Toda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji City, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan
- Institute of Plankton Eco-Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji City, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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5
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Leite LDS, Ogura AP, Dos Santos DV, Espíndola ELG, Daniel LA. Acute toxicity of disinfection by-products from chlorination of algal organic matter to the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis: influence of bromide and quenching agent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35800-35810. [PMID: 35061173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM) in water reservoirs is a worldwide concern for drinking water treatment; once it is one of the main precursors for disinfection by-products formation (DBPs). In this context, this study investigated the ecotoxicity of DBPs from chlorination of AOM to Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis (Crustacea, Cladocera). The bioassays evaluated three scenarios, including the AOM extracted from Chlorella sorokiniana, the quenching condition used in the tests, and the DBPs formed after the chlorination of the two test waters with AOM (with and without bromide presence). The results showed that AOM has no toxic effects for the tested species under typical environmental concentration (5 mg∙L-1). However, since AOM is a potential precursor of DBPs, the toxicity of two test waters (TW-1 and TW-2) after the chlorination process (25 mg Cl2·L-1, for 7 days, at 20 °C) was tested. The sample with higher toxicity to the tested species was TW-1, in which chloroform and chloral hydrate were quantified (615 and 267 µg∙L-1, respectively). However, TW-2 showed lower concentration of chloroform and chloral hydrate (260 and 157 µg∙L-1, respectively), although bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform were also detected (464, 366, and 141 µg∙L-1, respectively). Although free chlorine is highly toxic to the tested species, the quenching conditions also affected the organisms' survival due to the use of ascorbic acid and the presence of reaction intermediates. Nonetheless, both species were more affected by TW-1 and TW-2 than the quenching condition. These results endorse the importance of removing the AOM before the disinfection process to avoid the formation of DBPs. In addition, ecotoxicological analyses could provide a more comprehensive assessment of water quality, especially considering the challenges of quantifying DBPs and other emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan de Souza Leite
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, , São Paulo, 13566-59, Brazil.
| | - Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Daniel
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, , São Paulo, 13566-59, Brazil
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6
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Singh HM, Tyagi VV, Kothari R, Azam R, Khare P, Sari A. Novel approach for harvesting of microalgal biomass using electric geyser waste material deposit as flocculant in coupling with poultry excreta leachate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125646. [PMID: 34418844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the flocculation efficiency of algal biomass (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) in coupling with waste materials i.e. poultry excreta leachate by using other waste material which was obtained from deposition of scaling in electric geyser. Utilization of electric geyser waste material deposit (EGWMD) for flocculation is a novel approach because of various elements which are replica of chemical flocculants responsible for flocculation mechanism in culture medium. Flocculation process was optimized by response surface methodology and 98.21% flocculation efficiency was achieved with designed process parameters as temperature 32.5 °C, flocculant dose 275 mgL-1, pH 5 and time 30 min. The reusability of spent medium was also analyzed at 70.2% and 32.5% flocculation efficiency with two successive steps. The cellular morphology of pre-harvested and post-harvested Chlorella pyrenoidosa was also observed. EGWMD is abundant and freely available that has no application till now and can alternate of chemical flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Har Mohan Singh
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India.
| | - Rifat Azam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P., 226025, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Crop Production and Protection Division, CIMAP, Lucknow, U.P., 226015, India
| | - Ahmet Sari
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Centers of Research Excellence, Renewable Energy Research Institute, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Avila R, Carrero E, Vicent T, Blánquez P. Integration of enzymatic pretreatment and sludge co-digestion in biogas production from microalgae. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:254-263. [PMID: 33639410 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integration of microalgae-based systems with conventional wastewater treatment plants provides an effective alternative to waste stream management. In this work, alkaline and enzymatic pretreatments of a microalgal culture mainly constituted by Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. and cultivated in wastewater from an industrial winery wastewater treatment plant were assessed. Microalgal enzymatic pretreatments were expected to overcome algal recalcitrancy before anaerobic digestion. pH-induced flocculation at pH 10 and 11 did not enhance microalgal harvesting and solubilisation, achieving a performance similar to that of natural sedimentation. Enzymatic hydrolysis of algal biomass was carried out using three commercial enzymatic cocktails (A, B and C) at two enzymatic doses (1% and 2% (v/v)) over 3 h of exposure time at 37 °C. Since pretreatments at a 1% dose for 0.5 h and 2% dose for 2 h achieved higher solubilisation, they were selected to evaluate the influence of the pretreatment on microalgal anaerobic digestibility. Biochemical methane potential tests showed that the pretreatments increased the methane production of the raw algal biomass 3.6- to 5.3-fold. The methane yield was 9-27% higher at the lower enzyme dose. Hence, microalgae pretreated with enzymes B and C at a 1% dose were co-digested with waste activated sludge (WAS). Even when the enzyme increased the methane yield of the inoculum and the WAS, the methane yield of the raw microalgae and WAS mixture was not significantly different from that obtained when algae were enzymatically pretreated. Nonetheless, co-digestion may achieve the goals of a waste recycled bio-circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Avila
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Carrero
- Miguel Torres S.A., Miquel Torres i Carbó 6, 08720, Villafranca del Penedès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vicent
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paqui Blánquez
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Lucakova S, Branyikova I, Kovacikova S, Pivokonsky M, Filipenska M, Branyik T, Ruzicka MC. Electrocoagulation reduces harvesting costs for microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124606. [PMID: 33385625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugation is the most commonly used method for harvesting autotrophically produced microalgae, but it is expensive due to high energy demands. With the aim of reducing these costs, we tested electrocoagulation with iron electrodes for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris. During extensive lab-scale experiments, the following factors were studied to achieve a high harvesting efficiency and a low iron content in the harvested biomass: electric charge, initial biomass concentration, pH, temperature, agitation intensity, residual salt content and electrolysis time. A harvesting efficiency greater than 95% was achieved over a broad range of conditions and the residual iron content in the biomass complied with legislative requirements for food. Using electrocoagulation as the pre-concentration step prior to centrifugation, total energy costs were reduced to 0.136 kWh/kg of dry biomass, which is less than 14% of that for centrifugation alone. Our data show that electrocoagulation is a suitable and cost-effective method for harvesting microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Lucakova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 135/1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic; Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Branyikova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 135/1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic.
| | - Sara Kovacikova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 135/1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, Prague 6 166 12, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Filipenska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, Prague 6 166 12, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Branyik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marek C Ruzicka
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 135/1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic
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9
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Taghavijeloudar M, Kebria DY, Yaqoubnejad P. Simultaneous harvesting and extracellular polymeric substances extrusion of microalgae using surfactant: Promoting surfactant-assisted flocculation through pH adjustment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124224. [PMID: 33254453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the use of four different types of surfactants on biomass harvesting and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extrusion of Chlorella sorokiniana sp was investigated. The synergy between cationic surfactants and pH was tested to improve flocculation efficiency through the combined mechanism of charge neutralization, bridging and sweeping. Zeta potential and microscopic images were used to gain mechanistic understanding. The harvesting efficacy correlated positively with the biomass zeta potential and the surfactants alkyl-chain length; i.e., CTAB (88%) > DTAB (66%) > triton X-100 (41%) > SDS (11%). When the pH increased from 8 to 12, the harvesting efficiency was improved 12% and 39% for CTAB and DTAB, respectively. More interestingly, pH adjustment dramatically reduced the optimal dosages of CTAB and DTAB from 400 to 50 and 1000 to 300 mg/L, respectively. All selected surfactants could successfully release high value components of EPS such as protein and polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Iran.
| | - Daryoush Yousefi Kebria
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Iran
| | - Poone Yaqoubnejad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Iran
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10
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Oladoja NA, Ali J, Lei W, Yudong N, Pan G. Tapping into the ballast potential of sparingly soluble salts for enhanced floc physiognomies in algae biomass harvesting. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Kaarmukhilnilavan RS, Selvam A, Wong JW, Murugesan K. Ca2+ dependent flocculation efficiency of avian egg protein revealed unique surface specific interaction with kaolin particles: A new perception in bioflocculant research. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Potocar T, Leite LDS, Daniel LA, Pivokonsky M, Matoulkova D, Branyik T. Cooking oil-surfactant emulsion in water for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris by sedimentation or flotation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123508. [PMID: 32416494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel harvesting emulsion (HEM) consisting of cooking oil in an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was tested for the harvesting of a technologically important microalga, Chlorella vulgaris. The influence of HEM dose, biomass and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (model interferer compound) on harvesting efficiency (E) were studied. The HEM E was over 90% at pH 10 (0.33% (v/v) cooking oil, 6.7 mg/L of CTAB) and 12 (0.13% (v/v) cooking oil, 2.7 mg/L of CTAB). Harvesting efficiencies at pH 4 and 7 were < 73.5% due to the absence of precipitate formation. Bovine serum albumin (10 mg/L) increased the HEM dose necessary to achieve E ˃ 90% by 1.2 (pH 10), and 3 fold (pH 12). By manipulating the dose of HEM and pH, the method of harvesting (flocculation/sedimentation or flotation) was adjustable depending on the technological requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Potocar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luan de Souza Leite
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Daniel
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Matoulkova
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lipova 15, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Branyik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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Oladoja NA, Ali J, Lei W, Yudong N, Pan G. Coagulant derived from waste biogenic material for sustainable algae biomass harvesting. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Wu M, Li J, Qin H, Lei A, Zhu H, Hu Z, Wang J. Pre-concentration of microalga Euglena gracilis by alkalescent pH treatment and flocculation mechanism of Ca 3(PO 4) 2, Mg 3(PO 4) 2, and derivatives. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:98. [PMID: 32514310 PMCID: PMC7260821 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are widely be used in carbon sequestration, food supplements, natural pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, biofuel applications, and wastewater treatment. However, the difficulties incurred in algae cell separation and harvesting, and the exorbitant cost required to overcome these challenges, are the primary limitations to large-scale industrial application of microalgae technology. RESULTS Herein, we explore the potential of inducing flocculation by adjusting the pH for pre-concentrating Euglena gracilis. Our results demonstrate that flocculation can be induced by increasing the medium pH to 8.5; however, most of the algae cells were broken by increasing the pH > 10. Magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate, and their derivatives precipitation jointly led to flocculation, although calcium phosphate and its derivatives precipitation had a greater effect. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that pH treatment-induced flocculation is efficient and feasible for the pre-concentration of E. gracilis under a pilot-scale culture system. Moreover, it also maintained the microalgae cells' integrity, chlorophyll production, and increased paramylon production. These findings provide a theoretical basis for reducing the cost of large-scale E. gracilis harvesting; as well as provide a reference for harvesting other microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041 China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Huan Qin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Anping Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041 China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
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15
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Leite LDS, Dos Santos PR, Daniel LA. Microalgae harvesting from wastewater by pH modulation and flotation: Assessing and optimizing operational parameters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109825. [PMID: 31733467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae harvesting is one of the major bottlenecks for the production of high-value microalgal products on a large scale, which encourages investigations of harvesting methods with better cost-benefits. Among these harvesting techniques, flotation stands out as a promising method, however it is still minimally explored when compared to the sedimentation method. In this study, the pH modulation followed by dissolved air flotation (DAF) was tested as a harvesting method for Chlorella sorokiniana cultivated in wastewater. The main aims of this study were to optimize the operational parameters of coagulation (pH, velocity gradient, and mixing time) and flotation (recirculation rate), check their reproducibility and resilience with the variability of wastewater characteristics, and evaluate the final wastewater quality after treatment using an optimized harvesting method. Parameter optimization was carried out using the one-factor-at-a-time method. The optimal parameters were a velocity gradient of 500 s-1, mixing time of 30 s, pH 12, and 20% of recirculation rate. High efficiencies were obtained for C. sorokiniana removal (96.5-97.9%), making it a successful process. Moreover, the photobioreactor effluent quality was also improved significantly after microalgae harvesting, with high nutrient removal (88.6-95.1% of total Kjeldahl nitrogen and 91.8-98.3% of total phosphorus) and organic matter removal (80.5-86.8% of chemical oxygen demand). The results showed the pH modulation and DAF as an effective process for wastewater treatment and biomass harvesting. This study also indicated the importance of operational optimization, not studied until now, in which the achieved results could be potentially applied as practical guidelines for microalgae harvesting on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan de Souza Leite
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Daniel
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Leite LDS, Daniel LA, Pivokonsky M, Novotna K, Branyikova I, Branyik T. Interference of model wastewater components with flocculation of Chlorella sorokiniana induced by calcium phosphate precipitates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121352. [PMID: 31030067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Amongst harvesting processes, alkaline flocculation stands out as a technically feasible and low cost method. The interference of model wastewater components with alkaline flocculation of Chlorella sorokiniana (pH 8-12), induced by calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitates, was evaluated. Between the compounds tested, inorganic nitrogen, sodium alginate, salinity and algal organic matter had no effect on flocculation efficiency (FE). The negative effect of humic acids, sodium dodecyl sulphate and alkalinity on FE was partial. Bovine serum albumin and bacterial organic matter (BOM) of Escherichia coli showed the strongest disruption of FE. The impact of BOM can be explained by the high protein content (65% of total organic carbon). Proteins, negatively charged at alkaline pH, interrupt microalgae flocculation by preferentially interacting with positively charged CaP precipitates. The simultaneous effects of multiple substances were tested to simulate real wastewater. The results confirm the need to investigate the composition of wastewater prior to alkaline flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan de Souza Leite
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luiz Antonio Daniel
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Novotna
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Branyikova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 2/135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Branyik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Microalgae have been considered as one of the most promising biomass feedstocks for various industrial applications such as biofuels, animal/aquaculture feeds, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Several biotechnological challenges associated with algae cultivation, including the small size and negative surface charge of algal cells as well as the dilution of its cultures, need to be circumvented, which increases the cost and labor. Therefore, efficient biomass recovery or harvesting of diverse algal species represents a critical bottleneck for large-scale algal biorefinery process. Among different algae harvesting techniques (e.g., centrifugation, gravity sedimentation, screening, filtration, and air flotation), the flocculation-based processes have acquired much attention due to their promising efficiency and scalability. This review covers the basics and recent research trends of various flocculation techniques, such as auto-flocculation, bio-flocculation, chemical flocculation, particle-based flocculation, and electrochemical flocculation, and also discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The challenges and prospects for the development of eco-friendly and economical algae harvesting processes have also been outlined here.
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18
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Besson A, Formosa-Dague C, Guiraud P. Flocculation-flotation harvesting mechanism of Dunaliella salina: From nanoscale interpretation to industrial optimization. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 155:352-361. [PMID: 30856519 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is a green microalgae species industrially exploited for its capacity to produce important amounts of carotenoid pigments. However in low nitrogen conditions in which they produce these pigments, their concentration is low, which results in harvesting difficulties and high costs. In this work, we propose a new solution to efficiently harvest D. salina at the pre-industrial scale, using flocculation/flotation harvesting induced by NaOH addition in the medium. We first show, using numerical simulations and nanoscale atomic force spectroscopy experiments, that sweeping mechanism in formed magnesium hydroxide precipitate is only responsible for D. salina flocculation in hypersaline culture medium upon NaOH addition. Based on this understanding of the flocculation mechanism, we then evaluate the influence of several parameters related to NaOH mixing and magnesium hydroxide precipitation and show that NaOH concentration, mixing, and salinity of the medium can be optimized to achieve high flocculation/flotation harvesting efficiencies in laboratory-scale experiments. We finally successfully scale-up the data obtained at lab-scale to a continuous pre-industrial flotation pilot, and achieve up to 80% of cell recovery. This interdisciplinary study thus provides original results, from the nano to the pre-industrial scale, which allow the successful development of an efficient large-scale D. salina harvesting process. We thus anticipate our results to be the starting point for further optimization and industrial use of this flocculation/flotation harvesting technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Besson
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRA, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Formosa-Dague
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRA, CNRS, Toulouse, France; LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France; FERMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, INSA, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Guiraud
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRA, CNRS, Toulouse, France; FERMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, INSA, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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19
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Abstract
Due to increasing demands for microalgal biomass and products originating from microalgae, large-scale production systems are necessary. However, current microalgal production technologies are not cost-effective and are hindered by various bottlenecks, one of which is the harvesting of microalgal biomass. Cell separation is difficult because of the low sedimentation velocity of microalgae, their colloidal character with repelling negative surface charges, and low biomass concentrations in culture broths; therefore, large volumes need to be processed in order to concentrate the cells. Flocculation is considered to be one of the most suitable methods for harvesting microalgal biomass. This article provides an overview of flocculation methods suitable for microalgal harvesting, their mechanisms, advantages and drawbacks. Special attention is paid to the role of surface charge in the mechanism of flocculation. The novelty of the review lies in the interconnection between the context of technological applications and physico-chemical surface phenomena.
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