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Casula L, Zidar A, Kristl J, Jeras M, Kralj S, Fadda AM, Zupančič Š. Development of Nanofibers with Embedded Liposomes Containing an Immunomodulatory Drug Using Green Electrospinning. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041245. [PMID: 37111731 PMCID: PMC10143873 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional treatments for chronic wounds are often ineffective, thus new therapeutic approaches are needed, such as the delivery of immunomodulatory drugs that can reduce inflammation, restore immune cell function, and facilitate tissue regeneration. A potential drug for such an approach is simvastatin, which has major drawbacks including poor solubility and chemical instability. With the aim of developing a dressing for wound healing, simvastatin and an antioxidant were incorporated into alginate/poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers by green electrospinning without the use of organic solvents, thanks to their prior encapsulation into liposomes. The composite liposome-nanofiber formulations exhibited fibrillar morphology (160-312 nm) and unprecedentedly high phospholipid and drug content (76%). Transmission electron microscopy revealed dried liposomes as bright ellipsoidal spots homogeneously distributed over the nanofibers. After nanofiber hydration, the liposomes reconstituted in two size populations (~140 and ~435 nm), as revealed by cutting-edge MADLS® analysis. Lastly, in vitro assays demonstrated that composite liposome-nanofiber formulations are superior to liposomal formulations due to a better safety profile in keratinocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, both formulations exhibited similarly advantageous immunomodulatory effects, measured as decreased inflammation in vitro. A synergistic combination of the two nanodelivery systems shows promise for the development of efficient dressings for chronic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Casula
- Unit of Drug Sciences, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anže Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julijana Kristl
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Jeras
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Nanos SCI, Nanos Scientificae d.o.o., Teslova Ulica 30, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anna Maria Fadda
- Unit of Drug Sciences, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Špela Zupančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Development of Enriched Oil with Polyphenols Extracted from Olive Mill Wastewater. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030497. [PMID: 36766026 PMCID: PMC9913962 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraction of olive oil produces significant residual olive-mill wastewater (OMW). The composition of OMW varies according to the type of olive, the fruit's ripeness level, and the extraction method (traditional one-pressing system or continuous systems based on centrifugation of the olive pulp). In olive-producing countries, OMW is important for the environment and the economy and is also a low-cost source of polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant properties. Olive oil's properties, such as its anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and immunological modulator effects, have been attributed to its polyphenols. In this study, the cloud point extraction (CPE) method was used to recover polyphenolic compounds from OMW. The total micellar phase of the three recoveries was 24.2% and the total polyphenols (after sonication) was 504 mg GAE/Kg. Furthermore, the addition of polyphenols recovered from OMW enhanced the olive oil and extended its shelf life without changing its organoleptic properties. There was a 42.2% change in polyphenols after 0.5% enrichment of micellar dispersions. Thus, it is suggested that the CPE method could lead to better waste management in the olive oil industry and improve the nutritional quality of food products.
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Chang Y, Shi X, He F, Wu T, Jiang L, Normakhamatov N, Sharipov A, Wang T, Wen M, Aisa HA. Valorization of Food Processing Waste to Produce Valuable Polyphenolics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8855-8870. [PMID: 35833703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional incineration and landfill of food processing waste (FPW) have polluted the environment and underutilized valuable bioactive compounds, including polyphenols in food waste. As one of the most widely occurring compounds in the FPW, polyphenols possess high utilization value in many fields such as human health, energy, and environmental protection. Extracting polyphenols directly from FPW can maximize the value of polyphenols and avoid waste of resources. However, traditional polyphenol extraction methods mostly use the Soxhlet extraction, infiltration, and impregnation method, consuming a large amount of organic solvent and suffering from long extraction time and low extraction efficiency. Emerging green extraction methods such as supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and other methods can shorten the extraction time and improve the solvent extraction efficacy, resulting in the green and safe recovery of polyphenols from FPW. In this paper, the traditional treatment methods of FPW waste and the application of polyphenols in FPW are briefly reviewed, and the traditional extraction methods and emerging green extraction methods of polyphenols in FPW are compared to obtain insight into the start-of-the-art extraction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Chang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Fei He
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nodirali Normakhamatov
- Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Ministry of the Health of Uzbekistan, Aybek Strasse 45, Tashkent 100015, Uzbekistan
| | - Avez Sharipov
- Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Ministry of the Health of Uzbekistan, Aybek Strasse 45, Tashkent 100015, Uzbekistan
| | - Tianfu Wang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhang Wen
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
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Nanomicellar Extraction of Polyphenols-Methodology and Applications Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111392. [PMID: 34768823 PMCID: PMC8584012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of the appropriate extraction method is crucial, especially for the receiving of active substances from plant material. The extraction using supercritical liquids and micellar-mediated extraction (MME) is the most advantageous among the alternative methods to classical solid-liquid extraction. However, the latter seems to be the best solution when the desired actives are polar. The following article presents a comprehensive review of the micellar-mediated extraction method in the last decade. The theoretical principle of the process was also refreshed and the current state of knowledge on the applications for analytical and manufacturing purposes was summarized.
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The Accumulated Effect of the Number of Ethylene Oxide Units and/or Carbon Chain Length in Surfactants Structure on the Nano-Micellar Extraction of Flavonoids. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030057. [PMID: 32784561 PMCID: PMC7563964 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical extraction methods used for isolation of active substances from plant material are expensive, complicated and often environmentally unfriendly. The ultrasonic assistance micelle-mediated extraction method (UAMME), based on green chemistry principles, seems to be an interesting alternative. This work aimed to find a connection between the chemical structure of non-ionic surfactants and the efficiency of the extraction process. The effect of hydrophobic chain length and number of ethoxy groups on the quality of Bidens tripartite extracts was investigated. Several ethoxylated fatty alcohols were used: Ceteareth-20, Steareth-20, Oleth-20, Oleth-10, Oleth-5, C12-C13 Pareth-12, C12-C15 Pareth-12 and Ceteareth-12. The bioflavonoid compositions with the HPLC method was determined. The hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) of studied surfactants, as well as the surface tension of surfactant solutions, were compared, to determine the explanation for the obtained differences in bioflavonoids concentration. The structural changes influenced by polyphenol extraction were monitored using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements. In this work, probably for the first time, the connection between the chemical structure of non-ionic surfactants and the efficiency of the extraction process was found. The experimental and theoretical approach rationalized the choice of an appropriate eluent. We propose some structurally dependent factors, whose optimal value gave a high efficiency to the UAMME.
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Influence of Terpene Type on the Release from an O/W Nanoemulsion: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122747. [PMID: 32545817 PMCID: PMC7356279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between a drug molecule and its carrier’s components is an important factor which influences the drug release profile. For this purpose, molecular dynamics (MD) may be the in silico tool which can help to understand the mechanism of drug loading/release. The aim of this work is to explain the effect of interactions between different types of terpenes, namely perillyl alcohol, forskolin, ursolic acid, and the nanoemulsion droplet core, on the release by means of experimental and theoretical studies. The basic nanoemulsion was composed of caprylic/capric triglyceride as the oil phase, polysorbate 80 as the emulsifier, and water. The in vitro release tests from a terpene-loaded nanoemulsion were carried out to determine the release profiles. The behavior of terpenoids in the nanoemulsion was also theoretically investigated using the molecular dynamics method. The forskolin-loaded nanoemulsion showed the highest percentage of drug release (almost 80% w/w) in contrast to ursolic acid and perillyl alcohol-loaded nanoemulsions (about 53% w/w and 19% w/w, respectively). The results confirmed that the kinetic model of release was terpene-type dependent. The zero-order model was the best to describe the ursolic acid release profile, while the forskolin and the perillyl alcohol followed a first-order and Higuchi model, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations, especially energetical analysis, confirmed that the driving force of terpenes diffusion from nanoemulsion interior was their interaction energy with a surfactant.
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