1
|
Chen M, Li H, Xue X, Tan F, Ye L. Signal amplification in molecular sensing by imprinted polymers. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:574. [PMID: 39230601 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
In the field of sensing, the development of sensors with high sensitivity, accuracy, selectivity, sustainability, simplicity, and low cost remains a key focus. Over the past decades, optical and electrochemical sensors based on molecular imprinting techniques have garnered significant attention due to the above advantages. Molecular imprinting technology utilizes molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to mimic the specific recognition capabilities of enzymes or antibodies for target molecules. Recently, MIP-based sensors rooting in signal amplification techniques have been employed to enhance molecular detection level and the quantitative ability for environmental pollutants, biomolecules, therapeutic compounds, bacteria, and viruses. The signal amplification techniques involved in MIP-based sensors mainly cover nucleic acid chain amplification, enzyme-catalyzed cascade, introduction of high-performance nanomaterials, and rapid chemical reactions. The amplified analytical signals are centered around electrochemical, fluorescence, colorimetric, and surface-enhanced Raman techniques, which can effectively realize the determination of some low-abundance targets in biological samples. This review highlights the recent advancements of electrochemical/optical sensors based on molecular imprinting integrated with various signal amplification strategies and their dedication to the study of trace biomolecules. Finally, future research directions on developing multidimensional output signals of MIP-based sensors and introducing multiple signal amplification strategies are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, BOX 332, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, P.R. China.
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Haiyan Li
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, BOX 332, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Xue
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fang Tan
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan X, Wei F, Gou J, Ji M, Hamouda HI, Xue C, Zheng H. Cryogel with Modular and Clickable Building Blocks: Toward the Ultimate Ideal Macroporous Medium for Bacterial Separation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15959-15970. [PMID: 38954479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The lack of practical platforms for bacterial separation remains a hindrance to the detection of bacteria in complex samples. Herein, a composite cryogel was synthesized by using clickable building blocks and boronic acid for bacterial separation. Macroporous cryogels were synthesized by cryo-gelation polymerization using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and allyl glycidyl ether. The interconnected macroporous architecture enabled high interfering substance tolerance. Nanohybrid nanoparticles were prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and immobilized onto cryogel by click reaction. Alkyne-tagged boronic acid was conjugated to the composite for specific bacteria binding. The physical and chemical characteristics of the composite cryogel were analyzed systematically. Benefitting from the synergistic, multiple binding sites provided by the silica-assisted polymer, the composite cryogel exhibited excellent affinity toward S. aureus and Salmonella spp. with capacities of 91.6 × 107 CFU/g and 241.3 × 107 CFU/g in 0.01 M PBS (pH 8.0), respectively. Bacterial binding can be tuned by variations in pH and temperature and the addition of monosaccharides. The composite was employed to separate S. aureus and Salmonella spp. from spiked tap water, 40% cow milk, and sea cucumber enzymatic hydrolysate, which resulted in high bacteria separation and demonstrated remarkable potential in bacteria separation from food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266500, PR China
| | - Fayi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266500, PR China
| | - Jinpeng Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266500, PR China
| | - Mingbo Ji
- Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Hamed I Hamouda
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266500, PR China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266500, PR China
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition and Health Innovation, Qingdao 266100, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266500, PR China
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition and Health Innovation, Qingdao 266100, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei F, Zheng H, Gao C, Tian J, Gou J, Hamouda HI, Xue C. In Situ Preparation of Star-Shaped Protein-"Smart" Polymer Conjugates with pH and Thermo-Dual Responsibility for Bacterial Separation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38817042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
To achieve effective separation and enrichment of bacteria, a novel synthetic scheme was developed to synthesize star-style boronate-functionalized copolymers with excellent hydrophilicity and temperature and pH responsiveness. A hydrophilic copolymer brush was synthesized by combining surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization with amide reaction using bovine serum albumin as the core. The copolymer brush was further modified by introducing and immobilizing fluorophenylboronic acids through an amide reaction, resulting in the formation of boronate affinity material BSA@poly(NIPAm-co-AGE)@DFFPBA. The morphology and organic content of BSA@poly(NIPAm-co-AGE)@DFFPBA were systematically characterized. The BSA-derived composites demonstrated a strong binding capacity to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The binding capabilities of the affinity composite to Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. were 195.8 × 1010 CFU/g and 79.2 × 1010 CFU/g, respectively, which indicates that the novel composite exhibits a high binding capability to bacteria and shows a particularly more significant binding capacity toward Gram-positive bacteria. The bacterial binding of BSA@poly(NIPAm-co-AGE)@DFFPBA can be effectively altered by adjusting the pH and temperature. This study demonstrated that the star-shaped affinity composite had the potential to serve as an affinity material for the rapid separation and enrichment of bacteria in complex samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jinpeng Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Hamed I Hamouda
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Colilla M, Vallet-Regí M. Organically Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles against Bacterial Resistance. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:8788-8805. [PMID: 38027542 PMCID: PMC10653088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance is posed to become a major hazard to global health in the 21st century. An aggravating issue is the stalled antibiotic research pipeline, which requires the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. Nanotechnology has entered into this scenario bringing up the opportunity to use nanocarriers capable of transporting and delivering antimicrobials to the target site, overcoming bacterial resistant barriers. Among them, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are receiving growing attention due to their unique features, including large drug loading capacity, biocompatibility, tunable pore sizes and volumes, and functionalizable silanol-rich surface. This perspective article outlines the recent research advances in the design and development of organically modified MSNs to fight bacterial infections. First, a brief introduction to the different mechanisms of bacterial resistance is presented. Then, we review the recent scientific approaches to engineer multifunctional MSNs conceived as an assembly of inorganic and organic building blocks, against bacterial resistance. These elements include specific ligands to target planktonic bacteria, intracellular bacteria, or bacterial biofilm; stimuli-responsive entities to prevent antimicrobial cargo release before arriving at the target; imaging agents for diagnosis; additional constituents for synergistic combination antimicrobial therapies; and aims to improve the therapeutic outcomes. Finally, this manuscript addresses the current challenges and future perspectives on this hot research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Colilla
- Departamento
de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería,
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento
de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería,
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu Y, Zheng H, Sui J, Lin H, Cao L. Rapid and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Based on Polyethyleneimine-Enhanced Boronate Affinity Isolation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071366. [PMID: 37048187 PMCID: PMC10093574 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There are increasing demands for fast and simple detection of pathogens in foodstuffs. Fluorescence analysis has demonstrated significant advantages for easy operation and high sensitivity, although it is usually hindered by a complex matrix, low bacterial abundance, and long-term bacterial enrichment. Effective enrichment procedures are required to meet the requirements for food detection. Here, boronate-functionalized cellulose filter paper and specific fluorescent probes were combined. An integrated approach for the enrichment of detection of Staphylococcus aureus was proposed. The modification of polyethyleneimine demonstrated a significant effect in enhancing the bacterial enrichment, and the boronate affinity efficiency of the paper was increased by about 51~132%. With optimized conditions, the adsorption efficiency for S. aureus was evaluated as 1.87 × 108 CFU/cm2, the linear range of the fluorescent analysis was 104 CFU/mL~108 CFU/mL (R2 = 0.9835), and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as 2.24 × 102 CFU/mL. Such efficiency was validated with milk and yogurt samples. These results indicated that the material had a high enrichment capacity, simple operation, and high substrate tolerance, which had the promising potential to be the established method for the fast detection of food pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xu
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Limin Cao
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stimuli-responsive molecularly imprinted polymers as adsorbents of analytes in complex matrices. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
7
|
Preparation of nickel-chelated iminodiacetate-functionalized macroporous agarose monolith using modular and clickable building blocks for affinity separation of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463509. [PMID: 36155074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Selective separation and purification of protein from complex medium is required to completely investigate the structure and function of the target protein. In this study, a composite macroporous agarose monolith containing iminodiacetate-chelated Ni2+ ligands was synthesized for selective separation and purification of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins. The large and interconnected pores in the monolith enabled fast binding of proteins with high matrix tolerance in treating complex mediums. To realize the selective protein binding, the iminodiacetate was directly conjugated to epoxy-functionalized agarose monolith via simple chemical reactions between epoxy and imino groups. After chelated Ni2+, the composite monolith could bind histidine-tagged recombinant proteins through the coordination interaction between transition metal ions and the imidazole ring of histidine. To further increase the binding capacities of the monolith, a hydrophilic intermediate polymer chain containing multiple iminodiacetate immobilization sites was conjugated to the azide-functionalized agarose monolith via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The morphology and chemical composition of the composite agarose monolith were characterized systematically. The protein binding capacities of the obtained composite agarose monolith were subsequently investigated. The binding capacities of the composite agarose monolith towards the model proteins Gp10 and Lys84 were 0.93 and 0.51 mg/mL, respectively. The protein binding of the composite agarose monolith could be manipulated by adjusting the temperature and concentrations of imidazole. These results demonstrate that the composite agarose monolith could be used as an affinity medium for rapid separation and purification of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins from biological samples.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xue X, Zhang M, Gong H, Ye L. Recyclable nanoparticles based on a boronic acid-diol complex for the real-time monitoring of imprinting, molecular recognition and copper ion detection. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:6698-6706. [PMID: 34807213 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have now become one of the most remarkable materials in the field of molecular recognition. Although many efforts have been made to study the process and mechanism of molecular imprinting, it has not been possible to monitor the interactions between the template and the growing polymer chains under real-time experimental conditions. The behavior of the template-monomer complex during the whole polymerization process has remained largely unknown. In this work, we introduce a fluorescence technique that allows monitoring of the template-functional monomer complex during an actual imprinting process, as well as the real-time signaling of template binding and dissociation from the imprinted polymer. For the first proof-of-principle, we select Alizarin Red S (ARS) and 4-vinylphenylboronic acid as the template and functional monomer, respectively, to synthesize MIP particles via precipitation polymerization. As the formation of the template-functional monomer complex leads to strong fluorescence emission, it allows the status of the template binding to be monitored throughout the whole reaction process in real time. Using the same fluorescence technique, the kinetics of template binding and dissociation can be studied directly without particle separation. The hydrophilic MIP particles can be used as a scavenger to remove ARS from water. In addition, the MIP particles can be used as a recyclable sensor to detect Cu ions. As the Cu ion forms a stable complex with ARS, it causes ARS to dissociate from the MIP nanoparticles, leading to effective fluorescence quenching. The non-separation analytical method based on fluorescence measurement provides a convenient means to study molecular imprinting reactions and the kinetics of molecular recognition using imprinted polymers. The recyclable nanoparticle sensor allows toxic Cu ions to be detected directly in water in the range of 0.1-100 μM with a recovery of 84-95%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xue
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Man Zhang
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Haiyue Gong
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Şen Karaman D, Pamukçu A, Karakaplan MB, Kocaoglu O, Rosenholm JM. Recent Advances in the Use of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6575-6591. [PMID: 34602819 PMCID: PMC8478671 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s273062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Public awareness of infectious diseases has increased in recent months, not only due to the current COVID-19 outbreak but also because of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) being declared a top-10 global health threat by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. These global issues have spiked the realization that new and more efficient methods and approaches are urgently required to efficiently combat and overcome the failures in the diagnosis and therapy of infectious disease. This holds true not only for current diseases, but we should also have enough readiness to fight the unforeseen diseases so as to avoid future pandemics. A paradigm shift is needed, not only in infection treatment, but also diagnostic practices, to overcome the potential failures associated with early diagnosis stages, leading to unnecessary and inefficient treatments, while simultaneously promoting AMR. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials fabricated as multifunctional nano-platforms for antibacterial therapeutics, diagnostics, or both (known as "theranostics") have attracted increasing attention. In the research field of nanomedicine, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with a tailored structure, large surface area, high loading capacity, abundant chemical versatility, and acceptable biocompatibility, have shown great potential to integrate the desired functions for diagnosis of bacterial infections. The focus of this review is to present the advances in mesoporous materials in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) or composites that can easily and flexibly accommodate dual or multifunctional capabilities of separation, identification and tracking performed during the diagnosis of infectious diseases together with the inspiring NP designs in diagnosis of bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Şen Karaman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, 35620, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Pamukçu
- İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Technologies, İzmir, Turkey
| | - M Baran Karakaplan
- İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Kocaoglu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, 35620, Turkey
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng H, Lin H, Chen X, Sui J, Ullah Khan M, Ramesh Pavase T, Han X, Cao L. Tailor-made magnetic nanocomposite with pH and thermo-dual responsive copolymer brush for bacterial separation. Food Chem 2021; 358:129907. [PMID: 33930712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria particularly in food samples demands efficient separation and enrichment strategies. Here, hydrophilic temperature-responsive boronate affinity magnetic nanocomposites were established for selective enrichment of bacteria. The thermo-responsive polymer brushes were developed by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), followed by a reaction of epoxy groups, and incorporation of fluorophenylboronic acid. The physical and chemical characteristics of the magnetic nanocomposites were analyzed systematically. After optimization, S. aureus and Salmonella spp. showed high binding capacities of 32.14 × 106 CFU/mg and 50.98 × 106 CFU/mg in 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) without bacteria death. Bacterial bindings can be controlled by altering temperature and the application of competing monosaccharides. The nanocomposite was then utilized to enrich S. aureus and Salmonella spp. from the spiked tap water, 25% milk, and turbot extraction samples followed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), which resulted in high bacteria enrichment, and demonstrated great potential in separation of bacteria from food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zheng
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Mati Ullah Khan
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Tushar Ramesh Pavase
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiangning Han
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Limin Cao
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|