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Labecka N, Szczepanczyk M, Mojumdar E, Sparr E, Björklund S. Unraveling UVB effects: Catalase activity and molecular alterations in the stratum corneum. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:176-188. [PMID: 38593652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can compromise the functionality of the skin barrier through various mechanisms. We hypothesize that UVB induce photochemical alterations in the components of the outermost layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum (SC), and modulate its antioxidative defense mechanisms. Catalase is a well-known antioxidative enzyme found in the SC where it acts to scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, a detailed characterization of acute UVB exposure on the activity of native catalase in the SC is lacking. Moreover, the effects of UVB irradiation on the molecular dynamics and organization of the SC keratin and lipid components remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this work is to characterize consequences of UVB exposure on the structural and antioxidative properties of catalase, as well as on the molecular and global properties of the SC matrix surrounding the enzyme. EXPERIMENTS The effect of UVB irradiation on the catalase function is investigated by chronoamperometry with a skin covered oxygen electrode, which probes the activity of native catalase in the SC matrix. Circular dichroism is used to explore changes of the catalase secondary structure, and gel electrophoresis is used to detect fragmentation of the enzyme following the UVB exposure. UVB induced alterations of the SC molecular dynamics and structural features of the SC barrier, as well as its water sorption behavior, are investigated by a complementary set of techniques, including natural abundance 13C polarization transfer solid-state NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic vapor sorption microbalance. FINDINGS The findings show that UVB exposure impairs the antioxidative function of catalase by deactivating both native catalase in the SC matrix and lyophilized catalase. However, UVB radiation does not alter the secondary structure of the catalase nor induce any observable enzyme fragmentation, which otherwise could explain deactivation of its function. NMR measurements on SC samples show a subtle increase in the molecular mobility of the terminal segments of the SC lipids, accompanied by a decrease in the mobility of lipid chain trans-gauche conformers after high doses of UVB exposure. At the same time, the NMR data suggest increased rigidity of the polypeptide backbone of the keratin filaments, while the molecular mobility of amino acid residues in random coil domains of keratin remain unaffected by UVB irradiation. The FTIR data show a consistent decrease in absorbance associated with lipid bond vibrations, relative to the main protein bands. Collectively, the NMR and FTIR data suggest a small modification in the composition of fluid and solid phases of the SC lipid and protein components after UVB exposure, unrelated to the hydration capacity of the SC tissue. To conclude, UVB deactivation of catalase is anticipated to elevate oxidative stress of the SC, which, when coupled with subtle changes in the molecular characteristics of the SC, may compromise the overall skin health and elevate the likelihood of developing skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Labecka
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michal Szczepanczyk
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Enamul Mojumdar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; CR Competence AB, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Björklund
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
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de Seixas JRPC, Ribeiro KA, de Souza AA, da Silva CE, Pedra-Fixe MG, Lima-Ribeiro MHM, Silva Neto JDC, Barros W, Martins RD, Coelho LCBB, Correia MTS, Soares PAG, Carneiro-da-Cunha MG. Hydrogels based on galactomannan and κ-carrageenan containing immobilized biomolecules for in vivo thermal-burn wound treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132379. [PMID: 38754680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides have demonstrated efficacy in epithelial recovery from cutaneous burn wounds. Here, we prepared a double-network hydrogel consisting of galactomannan (from Cassia grandis seeds) and κ-carrageenan (commercially sourced), cross-linked with CaCl2, as a matrix for immobilizing lactoferrin and/or Cramoll, aiming at its applicability as dressings for second-degree burn wounds. The formulations obtained [H - hydrogel, HL - hydrogel + lactoferrin, HC - hydrogel + Cramoll and HLC - hydrogel + lactoferrin + Cramoll] were analyzed rheologically as well as in terms of their stability (pH, color, microbial contamination) for 90 days. The burn was created with an aluminum bar (97 ± 3 °C) in the dorsal region of Wistar rats and subsequently treated with hydrogels (H, HL, HC, HLC) and control saline solution (S). The burn was monitored for 3, 7 and 14 days to evaluate the efficacy of the hydrogels in promoting wound healing. The hydrogels did not reveal significant pH or microbiological changes; there was an increase in brightness and a reduction in opacity for H. The rheological analysis confirmed the gel-like viscoelastic signature of the systems without substantial modification of the basic rheological characteristics, however HLC proved to be more rigid, due to rheological synergy when combining protein biomolecules. Macroscopic analyses confirmed centripetal healing with wound contraction: S < H < HC < HL < HLC. Histopathological analyses showed that hydrogel-treated groups reduced inflammation, tissue necrosis and fibrosis, while promoting re-epithelialization with focal acanthosis, especially in HLC due to a positive synergistic effect, indicating its potential as a promising therapy in the repair of burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R P C de Seixas
- Department of Biochemistry, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kátia A Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andrea A de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cecília E da Silva
- Department of Histology and Embryology, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maxwelinne G Pedra-Fixe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria H M Lima-Ribeiro
- Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jacinto da C Silva Neto
- Department of Histology and Embryology, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Wilson Barros
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - René D Martins
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Rua do Alto do Reservatorio, S/N Bela Vista, CEP 55600-000 Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luana C B B Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria T S Correia
- Department of Biochemistry, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Paulo A G Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Maria G Carneiro-da-Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Ruan J, Liu C, Song H, Zhong T, Quan P, Fang L. A skin pharmacokinetics study of permeation enhancers: The root cause of dynamic enhancement effect on in vivo drug permeation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:170-180. [PMID: 36731755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Skin pharmacokinetics (SPK) of permeation enhancers can answer the question of why enhancement effects different at the kinetic level. Herein, SPK of permeation enhancers were classified into two categories, namely, lateral elimination (elimination to surrounding stratum corneum (SC)) and longitudinal elimination (elimination to deep epidermal (EP)). They were evaluated with a specific parameter for permeation enhancers, diffusion ratio (DRSC-EP), according to results of tissue-distribution test, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The linear relationship between ke-enahcer and Δ Cmax-drug (R2 = 0.92), MRTenhancer and Δ Tmax-drug (R2 = 0.97), AUCt-enhancer and Δ AUCt-drug (R2 = 0.90) suggesting that SPK of permeation enhancers precisely controlled dynamic process of drug permeation in vivo. The molecular mechanisms of the dynamic effect of SPK process on drug transdermal behaviors were characterized by modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC), dielectric spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), solid-state NMR. Permeation enhancers with high molecular weight (M.W.) and high polar surface area (P.S.A.) had good compatibility and strong interaction strength with SC, leading their lateral-elimination behavior, causing their low DRSC-EP and resulting in low ke-enhancer, long MRTenhancer, and large AUCt-enhancer. Consequently, skin barrier can be rapidly opened fast and to a great extent. In summary, compared with SPK of permeation enhancers with longitudinal elimination, SPK of permeation enhancers with lateral elimination can enable more sustainable and greater drug permeation. The information about SPK of permeation enhancers offered a criterion to estimate its permeation-enhancement effect on the drug and its subsequent application in transdermal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuheng Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Haoyuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Lu J, Qi Z, Liu J, Liu P, Li T, Duan M, Li A. Nomogram Prediction Model of Serum Chloride and Sodium Ions on the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4785-4798. [PMID: 36045875 PMCID: PMC9420741 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s376168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of serum chloride and sodium ions on AKI occurrence in ICU patients, and further constructs a prediction model containing these factors to explore the predictive value of these ions in AKI. Methods The clinical information of patients admitted to ICU of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University was collected for retrospective analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyzing the influencing factors. A nomogram for predicting AKI risk was constructed with R software and validated by repeated sampling. Afterwards, the effectiveness and accuracy of the model were tested and evaluated. Results A total of 446 cases met the requirements of this study, of which 178 developed AKI during their stay in ICU, with an incidence rate of 39.9%. Hypernatremia, heart failure, sepsis, APACHE II score, and initial creatinine value and BE value at ICU admission before the diagnosis of AKI were identified as independent risk factors for developing AKI during ICU stay. These predictors were incorporated into the nomogram of AKI risk in critically ill patients, which was constructed by using R software. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was further used and showed that the area under the curve of the model was 0.7934 (95% CI 0.742–0.8447), indicating that the model had an ideal value. Finally, further evaluated its clinical effectiveness. The clinical effect curve and decision curve showed that most areas of the decision curve of this model were greater than 0, indicating that this model owned a certain clinical effectiveness. Conclusion The nomogram based on hypernatremia, heart failure, sepsis, APACHE II score, and initial creatinine and BE value in ICU can predict the individualized risk of AKI with satisfactory distinguishability and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Camilion JV, Khanna S, Anasseri S, Laney C, Mayrovitz HN. Physiological, Pathological, and Circadian Factors Impacting Skin Hydration. Cureus 2022; 14:e27666. [PMID: 36072192 PMCID: PMC9440333 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thismanuscript focuses on the physiological, environmental, nutritional, circadian, and aging factors affecting skin tissue water and hydration parameters. The literature findings indicate a multiplicity of interacting processes among these parameters, ultimately impacting skin hydration in normal skin and playing a role in conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The maintenance of adequate skin hydration, aided by the proper functioning of the skin’s protective barrier, is facilitated by stratum corneum integrity with the presence of tight junctions and lipids such as ceramides, each of which is impacted by changes in most of the evaluated parameters. Abnormalities in aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression and associated deficits in skin hydration appear to have a role in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. AQP3 hydration-related aspects are influenced by circadian rhythms via modulations associated with CLOCK genes that alter AQP3 protein expression. Ultraviolet exposure, aging, and low temperatures are among those factors that affect skin ceramide composition, potentially leading to increased transepidermal water loss and negatively impacting skin hydration. Vitamin C, collagen, and probiotics may increase ceramide production and improve skin hydration. The extent to which each of the different evaluated factors affects skin hydration varies but is usually large enough to consider their potential effects when investigating skin in research and clinical settings.
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Bostanudin MF, Arafat M, Tan SF, Sarker MZI. Investigations of pectin nanostructures for enhanced percutaneous delivery of fusidic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F. Bostanudin
- College of Pharmacy Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Suk Fei Tan
- School of Pharmacy Management and Science University Shah Alam Malaysia
| | - Md Zaidul I. Sarker
- Cooperative Research, Extension & Education Northern Marianas College Saipan Northern Mariana Islands USA
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Sonoki Y, Dat Pham Q, Sparr E. Beyond Additivity: A mixture of glucose and NaCl can influence skin hydration more than the individual compounds. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:554-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kis N, Gunnarsson M, Berkó S, Sparr E. The effects of glycols on molecular mobility, structure, and permeability in stratum corneum. J Control Release 2022; 343:755-764. [PMID: 35150813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides an attractive alternative to the conventional drug administration routes. Still, it comes with challenges as the upper layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), provides an efficient barrier against permeation of most compounds. One way to overcome the skin barrier is to apply chemical permeation enhancers, which can modify the SC structure. In this paper, we investigated the molecular effect of three different types of glycols in SC: dipropylene glycol (diPG), propylene glycol (PG), and butylene glycol (BG). The aim is to understand how these molecules influence the molecular mobility and structure of the SC components, and to relate the molecular effects to the efficiency of these molecules as permeation enhancers. We used complementary experimental techniques, including natural abundance 13C NMR spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction to characterize the molecular consequences of these compounds at different doses in SC at 97% RH humidity and 32 °C. In addition, we study the permeation enhancing effects of the same glycols in comparable conditions using Raman spectroscopy. Based on the results from NMR, we conclude that all three glycols cause increased mobility in SC lipids, and that the addition of glycols has an effect on the keratin filaments in similar manner as Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF). The highest mobility of both lipids and amino acids can be reached with BG, which is followed by PG. It is also shown that one reaches an apparent saturation level for all three chemicals in SC, after which increased addition of the compound does not lead to further increase in the mobility of SC lipids or protein components. The examination with Raman mapping show that BG and PG give a significant permeation enhancement as compared to SC without any added glycol at corresponding conditions. Finally, we observe a non-monotonic response in permeation enhancement with respect to the concentration of glycols, where the highest concentration does not give the highest permeation. This is explained by the dehydration effects at highest glycol concentrations. In summary, we find a good correlation between the molecular effects of glycols on the SC lipid and protein mobility, and macroscopic permeation enhances of the same molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Kis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Maria Gunnarsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Liu J, Sun Y, Yuan H, Li Y, Feng J, Gao Y, Tang Y, Zhang S, Wang H, Zheng F. Mechanism of improving skin barrier function in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis using Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction and its disassembled formula. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Bostanudin MF, Salam A, Mahmood A, Arafat M, Kaharudin AN, Sahudin S, Mat Lazim A, Azfaralariff A. Formulation and In-Vitro Characterisation of Cross-Linked Amphiphilic Guar Gum Nanocarriers for Percutaneous Delivery of Arbutin. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3907-3918. [PMID: 34403653 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nano-colloidal systems formulated from amphiphilically-modified polysaccharides (degree of modification 16.6%) are focus of prominent study due to their potential to augment active penetration across the skin. Here we report the synthesis of amphiphilically-modified guar gum (GBE-GG) prepared by grafting with glycidol butyl ether (GBE), which were subsequently formed into nanocarriers and loaded with α-arbutin (22.3% loading). The monodispersed and close-to-spherical nanocarriers (size range 239-297 nm) formed via cross-linking were adequately stable mainly at low temperature (4 °C) under physiological pH condition. α-arbutin was released from GBE-GG NPs in a more sustained manner and the release profiles can be accurately represented by the 1st order kinetic model. In-vitro interactions on immortalised human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells revealed an increase in biological membrane permeability as well as the absence of cellular toxicity at application pertinent concentrations. No substantial haemolytic activity appeared and flow cytometry analysis revealed effective cellular uptake, suggesting their potential as promising nanocarriers for percutaneous delivery that warrants further comprehensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha Salam
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arshad Mahmood
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amirah N Kaharudin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shariza Sahudin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azwan Mat Lazim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Azfaralariff
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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