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Gu X, Xu L, Yuan H, Li C, Zhao J, Li S, Yu D. Sophorolipid-toluidine blue conjugates for improved antibacterial photodynamic therapy through high accumulation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11782-11793. [PMID: 37077994 PMCID: PMC10106977 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01618h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-bacterial photodynamic therapy is the most promising treatment protocol for bacterial infection, but low accumulation of photosensitizers has seriously hindered their development in clinical application. Here, with inherent outstanding affinity to bacterial cell envelope, sophorolipid produced from Candida bombicola has been conjugated to toluidine blue (SL-TB) through amidation reaction. The structure of SL-TB conjugates was identified by 1H-NMR, FT-IR and ESI-HRMS. The interfacial assembly and photophysical properties of SL-TB conjugates have been disclosed through surface tension, micro-polarity, electronic and fluorescence spectra. After light irradiation, the log10 (reduced CFU) of free toluidine blue to P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 4.5 and 7.9, respectively. In contrast, SL-TB conjugates showed a higher bactericidal activity, with a reduction of 6.3 and 9.7 log10 units of CFU against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. The fluorescence quantitative results showed that SL-TB could accumulate 2850 nmol/1011 cells and 4360 nmol/1011 cells by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, which was much higher than the accumulation of 462 nmol/1011 cells and 827 nmol/1011 cells of free toluidine blue. Through the cooperation of triple factors, including sophorose affinity to bacterial cells, hydrophobic association with plasma membrane, and electrostatic attraction, higher SL-TB accumulation was acquired, which has enhanced antibacterial photodynamic efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 PR China +86-25-58139386
| | - Lixian Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road Nanjing 210000 P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Yuan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 PR China +86-25-58139386
| | - Cailing Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 PR China +86-25-58139386
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 PR China +86-25-58139386
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 PR China +86-25-58139386
| | - Dinghua Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 PR China +86-25-58139386
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Zhang H, Xu L, Gu X, Yu D, Li S. Amphiphilic di-cationic methylene blue for improving antibacterial photodynamic efficiency through high accumulation and low aggregation on bacterial cell surfaces. RSC Adv 2022; 13:239-250. [PMID: 36605628 PMCID: PMC9766197 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation state of photosensitizers on the surface of bacterial cells is an important scientific problem for antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT). High accumulation and high photoactive state maintenance of photosensitizers are the prerequisite of high APDT efficiency. In this study, an amphiphilic di-cationic methylene blue photosensitizer (C12-MB) was synthesized through quaternization, and its structure, interface properties, photophysical properties and antibacterial photodynamic properties were studied. The results showed that C12-MB could reduce 4.27 log10 CFU and 4.8 log10 CFU for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus under irradiation of light at 660 nm, higher than the parent methylene blue. Through a spectroscopic study on photosensitizer adsorption over the bacterial surface, C12-MB can be accumulated with higher concentration, and the photo-active monomer content is 73% and 70% over P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, higher than those of methylene blue: 25% and 49%, respectively. The higher content of non-aggregated photo-active monomer could contribute to higher antibacterial photodynamic efficiency. For C12-MB adsorbed over bacterial surfaces, planar packing inhibition and electrostatic repulsion could contribute to lower C12-MB aggregation, which provides an useful reference for the structural design of high-efficiency photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139386
| | - Lixian Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University No. 121 Jiangjiayuan Road Nanjing 210000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139386
| | - Dinghua Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139386
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China +86-25-58139386
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Shaban SM, Hamed EH, Elsharif AM, Elged AH, El Basiony N. Preparation gemini non-ionic surfactants-based polyethylene oxide with variable hydrophobic tails for controlling the catalytic and antimicrobial activity of AgNPs. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Li L, Wang Y, Huang T, He X, Zhang K, Kang ET, Xu L. Cationic porphyrin-based nanoparticles for photodynamic inactivation and identification of bacteria strains. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3006-3016. [PMID: 35522076 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic drug resistance has undermined the efficacy of antibiotics, and is becoming a severe threat to public health. To combat antibiotic drug resistance and to replace traditional antibiotic treatment, an alternative strategy based on antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT), which has broad applicability, high efficiency and less potential of developing antibiotic drug resistance, has been developed. In this work, the cationic porphyrin-based nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by epoxy-amine chain extension polymerization of diepoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and tetraamino-containing porphyrin, followed by quaternization with methyl iodine and butyl bromide. The as-obtained cationic porphyrin NPs preserved the photophysical properties of porphyrin derivatives, and can efficiently generate singlet oxygen (1O2) under 635 nm laser irradiation. The cationic porphyrin-based NPs displayed intrinsic antibacterial properties, and exhibited strong APDT effect on Gram-positive bacteria by destroying the bacterial cell membranes. Upon incubation with different bacterial strains, it was found that they could be utilized to identify Gram-positive bacteria by observing the sedimentation behavior of their mixtures, and visualizing their co-cultured and centrifugal bacteria cakes. In addition, the cationic porphyrin-based NPs had good hemocompatibility and low dark cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400715.
| | - Yan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400715.
| | - Tao Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400715.
| | - Xiaodong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400715.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400715.
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400715. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576
| | - Liqun Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400715. .,Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P.R. China 571158
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The preparation of core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles with different surface carboxyl densities and their application in the removal of methylene blue. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hu M, Yu J, Zhang H, Xu Q. An efficient method for the recovery and separation of surfactin from fermentation broth by extraction-back extraction. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Niu P, Dai J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Feng D, Li Y, Miao W. Sensitization of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria to Photodynamic Therapy via Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020156. [PMID: 35215269 PMCID: PMC8878207 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the merits of excellent efficacy, safety, and facile implementation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) represents a promising means for treating bacterial infections. However, APDT shows an unsatisfactory efficacy in combating antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria due to their specific cell wall structure. In this work, we report a perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion (Ce6@FDC) used as a multifunctional nanocargo of photosensitizer and oxygen for sensitizing antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria to APDT. Ce6@FDC was fabricated via ultrasonic emulsification with good colloidal stability, efficient Ce6 and oxygen delivery, and excellent photodynamic activity. Meanwhile, Ce6@FDC could strongly bind with Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) via electrostatic interaction, thus leading to notable photodynamic bactericidal potency upon irradiation. In addition, oxygenated Ce6@FDC also exhibited a remarkable efficacy in eradicating Gram-negative bacteria biofilm, averaging five log units lower than the Ce6 group under identical conditions. Taken together, we demonstrate that photodynamic perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion with oxygen-delivery ability could effectively kill planktonic bacteria and remove biofilm, representing a novel strategy in fighting against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuanyuan Li
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.M.); Tel.: +86-25-58139399 (W.M.)
| | - Wenjun Miao
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.M.); Tel.: +86-25-58139399 (W.M.)
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