Transport and retention of bacteria through a filtration system consisting of sands and geotextiles

Fibrous and filmy microplastics exert opposite effects on the mobility of nanoplastics in saturated porous media

This study explored the influence of fibrous and filmy polyethylene terephthalate (PET) on the transportation of nanoplastics (NPs) in saturated porous media. With the strong electrostatic repulsion, the negatively charged PET fibers (-57.5 mV) improved the transport of NPs, and the mass percentage of NPs recovered from the effluent (M_eff) increased from 69.3% to 86.7%. However, PET films (-49.7 mV) showed the opposite result, that is, M_eff decreased from 69.3% to 57.0%. X-ray micro-computed tomography quantitatively revealed the change in effective porosity of porous media before and after adding various PET MPs. The addition of 10 mm fiber increased the porosity from 0.39 to 0.43, whereas the addition of 10 × 10 mm² film reduced the porosity from 0.39 to 0.29. The fiber-facilitated transport of NPs is presumably due to the formation of new connected pores between fibers and sand grains, whereas the film-inhibited transport of NPs may be due to the partial truncation of transport path of NPs. Overall, the effect of coexisting MPs on the mobility of NPs strongly relies on the shape and size of MPs.