1
|
Wu Y, Li X, Fu X, Huang X, Zhang S, Zhao N, Ma X, Saiding Q, Yang M, Tao W, Zhou X, Huang J. Innovative Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems for Advanced Treatment of Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403399. [PMID: 39031809 PMCID: PMC11348104 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Funduscopic diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), significantly impact global visual health, leading to impaired vision and irreversible blindness. Delivering drugs to the posterior segment of the eye remains a challenge due to the presence of multiple physiological and anatomical barriers. Conventional drug delivery methods often prove ineffective and may cause side effects. Nanomaterials, characterized by their small size, large surface area, tunable properties, and biocompatibility, enhance the permeability, stability, and targeting of drugs. Ocular nanomaterials encompass a wide range, including lipid nanomaterials, polymer nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dot nanomaterials, and so on. These innovative materials, often combined with hydrogels and exosomes, are engineered to address multiple mechanisms, including macrophage polarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Compared to conventional modalities, nanomedicines achieve regulated and sustained delivery, reduced administration frequency, prolonged drug action, and minimized side effects. This study delves into the obstacles encountered in drug delivery to the posterior segment and highlights the progress facilitated by nanomedicine. Prospectively, these findings pave the way for next-generation ocular drug delivery systems and deeper clinical research, aiming to refine treatments, alleviate the burden on patients, and ultimately improve visual health globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryShanghai200031China
| | - Xin Li
- Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035China
| | - Xueyu Fu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryShanghai200031China
| | | | - Nan Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryShanghai200031China
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Mei Yang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryShanghai200031China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryShanghai200031China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryShanghai200031China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan R, Shukla S, Kumar M, Barceló D, Zuorro A, Bhargava PC. Progress and obstacles in employing carbon quantum dots for sustainable wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119671. [PMID: 39048068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
We explored the potential of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as novel materials for wastewater treatment and their role towards environmental sustainability. The advantages of CQDs over other carbon-based materials, when synthesized using the same precursor material and for the same contaminant are discussed, enabling future researchers to choose the appropriate material. CQDs have demonstrated exceptional adaptability in various wastewater treatment, acting as efficient adsorbents for contaminants, exhibiting excellent photocatalytic properties for degradation of organic pollutants, and functioning as highly sensitive sensors for water quality monitoring. We found that bottom-up approach has better control over particle size (resulting CQDs: 1-4 nm), whereas top-down synthesis approach (resulting CQDs: 2-10 nm) have more potential for large scale applications and tunability. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) remains the most expensive characterization technique, which provides the best resolution of the CQD's surface. The study emphasizes on the environmental impact and safety considerations pertaining to CQDs by emphasizing the need for thorough toxicity evaluation, and necessary environmental precautions. The study also identifies the lacunae pertaining to critical challenges in practical implementation of CQDs, such as scalability, competition of co-existing contaminants, and stability. Finally, future research directions are proposed, advocating green synthesis approaches, tailored surface functionalization, and, lowering the overall cost for analysis, synthesis and application of CQDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Khan
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Ctra Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - Antonio Zuorro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184, Italy.
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi Bhargava
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chi M, Liu J, Li L, Zhang Y, Xie M. CeO 2 In Situ Growth on Red Blood Cell Membranes: CQD Coating and Multipathway Alzheimer's Disease Therapy under NIR. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35898-35911. [PMID: 38954799 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complex etiology and diverse pathological processes. The therapeutic effect of single-target drugs is limited, so simultaneous intervention of multiple targets is gradually becoming a new research trend. Critical stages in AD progression involve amyloid-β (Aβ) self-aggregation, metal-ion-triggered fibril formation, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, red blood cell membranes (RBC) are used as templates for the in situ growth of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocrystals. Then, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are encapsulated to form nanocomposites (CQD-Ce-RBC). This strategy is combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) for AD therapy. The application of RBC enhances the materials' biocompatibility and improves immune evasion. RBC-grown CeO2, the first application in the field of AD, demonstrates outstanding antioxidant properties. CQD acts as a chelating agent for copper ions, which prevents the aggregation of Aβ. In addition, the thermal effect induced by near-infrared laser-induced CQD can break down Aβ fibers and improve the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. In vivo experiments on APP/PS1 mice demonstrate that CQD-Ce-RBC combined with PTT effectively clears cerebral amyloid deposits and significantly enhances learning and cognitive abilities, thereby retarding disease progression. This innovative multipathway approach under light-induced conditions holds promise for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jichun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuewen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Wang J, Wang X, Guo Y, Guan S, Zhang T. Nucleus-targeted carbon dots as peroxidase nanozyme for photoacoustic imaging and phototherapy of tumor. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 239:113950. [PMID: 38744078 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
High-purity carbon dots (CDs) with a highly π-conjugated sp2-hybridized graphite structure were prepared by the pulse electrolysis method using the graphite plate as raw material. Photoacoustic signal together with photothermal effect was found in the CDs-dispersed suspensions under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. For the suspension with the CDs concentration of 500 μg/mL, the photothermal conversion efficiency is high up 64.3% and the solution's temperature can be increased to 82.2 °C under NIR irradiation. Moreover, CDs can be effectively endocytosed by human hepatoma (HepG2) cells with a few hours, act as peroxidase nanozyme to decompose H2O2 and facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species. Under NIR irradiation, CDs exhibit an outstanding apoptosis-inducing effect on HepG2 cells by the photothermal effect. In addition, in vivo experiments show that CDs can be used in photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and guiding the tumor treatment. As a result, the nucleus-targeted CDs with an unique combination of PAI and photothermal effect have potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heterocyclic Compounds, Handan University, Handan 056005, China; Hebei Center for New Inorganic Optoelectronic Nanomaterial Research, Handan University, Handan 056005, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yimin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaokang Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong J, Wei Y, Zhou F, Shi L, Zhao S, Wan M, Zhang X. Carbon Quantum Dots: Properties, Preparation, and Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2002. [PMID: 38731492 PMCID: PMC11085940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are a novel form of carbon material. They offer numerous benefits including particle size adjustability, light resistance, ease of functionalization, low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and high-water solubility, as well as their easy accessibility of raw materials. Carbon quantum dots have been widely used in various fields. The preparation methods employed are predominantly top-down methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical and chemical oxidation, as well as bottom-up methods such as templates, microwave, and hydrothermal techniques. This article provides an overview of the properties, preparation methods, raw materials for preparation, and the heteroatom doping of carbon quantum dots, and it summarizes the applications in related fields, such as optoelectronics, bioimaging, drug delivery, cancer therapy, sensors, and environmental remediation. Finally, currently encountered issues of carbon quantum dots are presented. The latest research progress in synthesis and application, as well as the challenges outlined in this review, can help and encourage future research on carbon quantum dots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (M.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shao X, Wang C, Wang C, Bai M, Hou T, Wang X, Yan C, Guan P, Hu X. Novel photocatalytic carbon dots: efficiently inhibiting amyloid aggregation and quickly disaggregating amyloid aggregates. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8074-8089. [PMID: 38563405 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). It is critical to develop high-performance drugs to combat amyloid-related diseases. Most identified nanomaterials exhibit limited biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy. In this work, we used a solvent-free carbonization process to prepare new photo-responsive carbon nanodots (CNDs). The surface of the CNDs is densely packed with chemical groups. CNDs with large, conjugated domains can interact with proteins through π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, CNDs possess the ability to generate singlet oxygen species (1O2) and can be used to oxidize amyloid. The hydrophobic interaction and photo-oxidation can both influence amyloid aggregation and disaggregation. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence analysis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy indicate that CNDs can block the transition of amyloid from an α-helix structure to a β-sheet structure. CNDs demonstrate efficacy in alleviating cytotoxicity induced by Aβ42 and exhibit promising blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. CNDs have small size, low biotoxicity, good fluorescence and photocatalytic properties, and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of amyloid-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Chaoli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Mengyao Bai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Tongtong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Chaoren Yan
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.
| | - Ping Guan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen M, Chen S, Wang X, Ye Z, Liu K, Qian Y, Tang M, Wu T. The discovery of regional neurotoxicity-associated metabolic alterations induced by carbon quantum dots in brain of mice using a spatial metabolomics analysis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38600504 PMCID: PMC11005155 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been widely used in various fields, especially in the diagnosis and therapy of neurological disorders, due to their excellent prospects. However, the associated inevitable exposure of CQDs to the environment and the public could have serious severe consequences limiting their safe application and sustainable development. RESULTS In this study, we found that intranasal treatment of 5 mg/kg BW (20 µL/nose of 0.5 mg/mL) CQDs affected the distribution of multiple metabolites and associated pathways in the brain of mice through the airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) technique, which proved effective in discovery has proven to be significantly alerted and research into tissue-specific toxic biomarkers and molecular toxicity analysis. The neurotoxic biomarkers of CQDs identified by MSI analysis mainly contained aminos, lipids and lipid-like molecules which are involved in arginine and proline metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and glutamine and glutamate metabolism, etc. as well as related metabolic enzymes. The levels or expressions of these metabolites and enzymes changed by CQDs in different brain regions would induce neuroinflammation, organelle damage, oxidative stress and multiple programmed cell deaths (PCDs), leading to neurodegeneration, such as Parkinson's disease-like symptoms. This study enlightened risk assessments and interventions of QD-type or carbon-based nanoparticles on the nervous system based on toxic biomarkers regarding region-specific profiling of altered metabolic signatures. CONCLUSION These findings provide information to advance knowledge of neurotoxic effects of CQDs and guide their further safety evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zongjian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kehan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yijing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xing S, Zheng K, Shi L, Kang K, Peng Z, Zhang X, Liu B, Yang H, Yue G. Fluorescence Detection of Pb 2+ in Environmental Water Using Biomass Carbon Quantum Dots Modified with Acetamide-Glycolic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent. Molecules 2024; 29:1662. [PMID: 38611941 PMCID: PMC11013460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel green fluorescent probe material, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs), was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method using walnut green skin as a carbon source and acetamide-glycolic acid deep eutectic solvent (AGADES) as a modifier. By covalent coupling, the amide chromophore in AGADES is designed to cover the surface of walnut green skin carbon quantum dots (W-CQDs), forming a fluorescence energy resonance effect and improving the fluorescence performance of the carbon quantum dots. The prepared N-CQDs have a uniform particle size distribution, and the fluorescence quantum efficiency has increased from 12.5% to 32.5%. Within the concentration range of 0.01~1000 μmol/L of Pb2+, the linear detection limit is 1.55 nmol/L, which can meet the trace detection of Pb2+ in the water environment, and the recycling rate reaches 97%. This method has been successfully applied to the fluorescence detection and reuse of Pb2+ in actual water bodies, providing new ideas and methods for the detection of heavy metal ions in environmental water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Xing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Keyang Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Kaiming Kang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zhixiao Peng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- School of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- School of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Baoyou Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Huilong Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Gang Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Asil SM, Narayan M. Molecular interactions between gelatin-derived carbon quantum dots and Apo-myoglobin: Implications for carbon nanomaterial frameworks. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130416. [PMID: 38428776 PMCID: PMC11290343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), including carbon quantum dots (CQDs), have found widespread use in biomedical research due to their low toxicity, chemical tunability, and tailored applications. Yet, there exists a gap in our understanding of the molecular interactions between biomacromolecules and these novel carbon-centered platforms. Using gelatin-derived CQDs as a model CNM, we have examined the impact of this exemplar nanomaterial on apo-myoglobin (apo-Mb), an oxygen-storage protein. Intrinsic fluorescence measurements revealed that the CQDs induced conformational changes in the tertiary structure of native, partially unfolded, and unfolded states of apo-Mb. Titration with CQDs also resulted in significant changes in the secondary structural elements in both native (holo) and apo-Mb, as evidenced by the circular dichroism (CD) analyses. These changes suggested a transition from isolated helices to coiled-coils during the loss of the helical structure of the apo-protein. Infra-red spectroscopic data further underscored the interactions between the CQDs and the amide backbone of apo-myoglobin. Importantly, the CQDs-driven structural perturbations resulted in compromised heme binding to apo-myoglobin and, therefore, potentially can attenuate oxygen storage and diffusion. However, a cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the continued viability of neuroblastoma cells exposed to these carbon nanomaterials. These results, for the first time, provide a molecular roadmap of the interplay between carbon-based nanomaterial frameworks and biomacromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Masoudi Asil
- The Environmental Science & Engineering Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- The Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuo YC, De S. Development of carbon dots to manage Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
|
11
|
Hou T, Shao X, Ding M, Mei K, Wang X, Guan P, Hu X. Photooxidative inhibition and decomposition of β-amyloid in Alzheimer's by nano-assemblies of transferrin and indocyanine green. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124432. [PMID: 37086772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced modulation of Aβ42 aggregation has emerged as a therapeutic option for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its high spatiotemporal controllability, noninvasive nature, and low systemic toxicity. However, existing photo-oxidants have the poor affinity for Aβ42, low depolymerization efficiency, and difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hindering their application in the treatment of AD. Here, through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, we integrated the near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer indocyanine green with transferrin (denoted as TF-ICG), a protein with a high affinity for Aβ42, and demonstrated its anti-amyloid activity in vitro. TF-ICG was shown to bind to Aβ42 residues via hydrophobic interaction, impeding π-π stacking of Aβ42 peptide monomers and disassembling mature Aβ42 protofibrils in a concentration-dependent manner. More importantly, under NIR (808 nm, 0.6w/cm2) irradiation, TF-ICG completely inhibited the fibrillation process of Aβ42 to generate amorphous aggregates, with an inhibition rate of 96 % at only 65 nM. Meanwhile, TF-ICG could photo-oxidize rigid Aβ42 aggregates and break them down into small amorphous structures. Tyrosine fluorescence assay further demonstrated the intrinsic affinity and targeting of TF-ICG to Aβ42 fibrils. In vitro studies validated the anti-amyloid activity of TF-ICG, which provided a theoretical basis for further in vivo application as a BBB-penetrating nanotherapeutic platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Xu Shao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Minling Ding
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Kun Mei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Ping Guan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong J, Jin Z, Chen H, He J, Zhang Y, Yang X. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopic imaging in pathogenesis and drug treatment of neurological disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114791. [PMID: 37004939 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Since super-resolution fluorescence microscopic technology breaks the diffraction limit that has existed for a long time in optical imaging, it can observe the process of synapses formed between nerve cells and the protein aggregation related to neurological disease. Thus, super-resolution fluorescence microscopic imaging has significantly impacted several industries, including drug development and pathogenesis research, and it is anticipated that it will significantly alter the future of life science research. Here, we focus on several typical super-resolution fluorescence microscopic technologies, introducing their benefits and drawbacks, as well as applications in several common neurological diseases, in the hope that their services will be expanded and improved in the pathogenesis and drug treatment of neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Catalytic Applications for Organic Synthesis. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), also known as carbon dots (CDs), are novel zero-dimensional fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials. CQDs have attracted enormous attention around the world because of their excellent optical properties as well as water solubility, biocompatibility, low toxicity, eco-friendliness, and simple synthesis routes. CQDs have numerous applications in bioimaging, biosensing, chemical sensing, nanomedicine, solar cells, drug delivery, and light-emitting diodes. In this review paper, the structure of CQDs, their physical and chemical properties, their synthesis approach, and their application as a catalyst in the synthesis of multisubstituted 4H pyran, in azide-alkyne cycloadditions, in the degradation of levofloxacin, in the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, in the removal of Rhodamine B, as H-bond catalysis in Aldol condensations, in cyclohexane oxidation, in intrinsic peroxidase-mimetic enzyme activity, in the selective oxidation of amines and alcohols, and in the ring opening of epoxides are discussed. Finally, we also discuss the future challenges in this research field. We hope this review paper will open a new channel for the application of CQDs as a catalyst in organic synthesis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo F, Li Q, Zhang X, Liu Y, Jiang J, Cheng S, Yu S, Zhang X, Liu F, Li Y, Rose G, Zhang H. Applications of Carbon Dots for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6621-6638. [PMID: 36582459 PMCID: PMC9793737 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s388030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently approximately 50 million victims of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide. The exact cause of the disease is unknown at this time, but amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are hallmarks of the disease. Current drug treatments for AD may slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients, but they are often only minimally effective and are not cures. A major obstacle to developing and delivering more effective drug therapies is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents many compounds with therapeutic potential from reaching the central nervous system. Nanotechnology may provide a solution to this problem. Among the medical nanomaterials currently being studied, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted widespread attention because of their ability to cross the BBB, non-toxicity, and potential for drug/gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingman Li
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Child Cognition & Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, 571127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiheng Liu
- Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, 570208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Scientific Experiment Center of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghuai Cheng
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Yu
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingfang Zhang
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Laboratory Department, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 353006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiying Li
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gregory Rose
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA,Correspondence: Gregory Rose, Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA, Tel +1 618-303-6503, Email
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China,Haiying Zhang, Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13907533247, Email
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shao X, Yan C, Wang C, Wang C, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Guan P, Hu X, Zhu W, Ding S. Advanced nanomaterials for modulating Alzheimer's related amyloid aggregation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 5:46-80. [PMID: 36605800 PMCID: PMC9765474 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that brings about enormous economic pressure to families and society. Inhibiting abnormal aggregation of Aβ and accelerating the dissociation of aggregates is treated as an effective method to prevent and treat AD. Recently, nanomaterials have been applied in AD treatment due to their excellent physicochemical properties and drug activity. As a drug delivery platform or inhibitor, various excellent nanomaterials have exhibited potential in inhibiting Aβ fibrillation, disaggregating, and clearing mature amyloid plaques by enhancing the performance of drugs. This review comprehensively summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of nanomaterials in modulating amyloid aggregation and AD treatment. The design of various functional nanomaterials is discussed, and the strategies for improved properties toward AD treatment are analyzed. Finally, the challenges faced by nanomaterials with different dimensions in AD-related amyloid aggregate modulation are expounded, and the prospects of nanomaterials are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Chaoren Yan
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region Xianyang Shaanxi 712082 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Chaoli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University 169 Changle West Road Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Yue Cao
- School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT) Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Ping Guan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Wenlei Zhu
- School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Shichao Ding
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gu Z, Chen H, Zhao H, Yang W, Song Y, Li X, Wang Y, Du D, Liao H, Pan W, Li X, Gao Y, Han H, Tong Z. New insight into brain disease therapy: nanomedicines-crossing blood-brain barrier and extracellular space for drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1618-1635. [PMID: 36285632 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2139369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain diseases including brain tumor, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. are difficult to treat. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle for drug delivery into the brain. Although nano-package and receptor-mediated delivery of nanomedicine markedly increases BBB penetration, it yet did not extensively improve clinical cure rate. Recently, brain extracellular space (ECS) and interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage in ECS have been found to determine whether a drug dissolved in ISF can reach its target cells. Notably, an increase in tortuosity of ECS associated with slower ISF drainage induced by the accumulated harmful substances, such as: amyloid-beta (Aβ), α-synuclein, and metabolic wastes, causes drug delivery failure. AREAS COVERED The methods of nano-package and receptor-mediated drug delivery and the penetration efficacy of nanomedicines across BBB and ECS are assessed. EXPERT OPINION Invasive delivering drug via ECS and noninvasive near-infrared photo-sensitive nanomedicines may provide a promising benefit to patients with brain disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haishu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yilan Song
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices and Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haikang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Gao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NMPA key Laboratory for Evaluation of Medical Imaging Equipment and Technique, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Han
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices and Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Henriquez G, Ahlawat J, Fairman R, Narayan M. Citric Acid-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots Attenuate Paraquat-Induced Neuronal Compromise In Vitro and In Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2399-2409. [PMID: 35942850 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The potent environmental herbicide and weedicide paraquat is linked to neuromotor defects and Parkinson's disease (PD). We have evaluated the neuroprotective role of citric acid-sourced carbon quantum dots (Cit-CQDs) on paraquat-insulted human neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cell lines and on a paraquat-exposed nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans). Our data reveal that Cit-CQDs are able to scavenge free radicals in test tube assays and mitigate paraquat-elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, Cit-CQDs protect the cell line from paraquat, which otherwise elicits cell death. Cit-CQDs-challenged nematodes demonstrate enhanced survival rates 72 h post-paraquat exposure compared to controls. Paraquat ablates dopamine (DA) neurons, which results in compromised locomotor function in nematodes. However, the neurons remained intact when the nematodes were incubated with Cit-CQDs prior to neurotoxicant exposure. The collective data suggest Cit-CQDs offer neuroprotection for cell lines and organisms from xenotoxicant-associated neuronal injury and death. The study suggests Cit-CQDs as a potentially viable green chemistry-synthesized, biobased nanomaterial for intervention in neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Henriquez
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Jyoti Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Robert Fairman
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pundi A, Chang CJ. Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2153. [PMID: 35683827 PMCID: PMC9183192 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is significant progress in the research of carbon dots (CDs), some challenges such as difficulty in large-scale synthesis, complicated purification, low quantum yield, ambiguity in structure-property correlation, electronic structures, and photophysics are still major obstacles that hinder the commercial use of CDs. Recent advances in synthesis, modification, characterization, and applications of CDs are summarized in this review. We illustrate some examples to correlate process parameters, structures, compositions, properties, and performances of CDs-based materials. The advances in the synthesis approach, purification methods, and modification/doping methods for the synthesis of CDs are also presented. Moreover, some examples of the kilogram-scale fabrication of CDs are given. The properties and performance of CDs can be tuned by some synthesis parameters, such as the incubation time and precursor ratio, the laser pulse width, and the average molar mass of the polymeric precursor. Surface passivation also has a significant influence on the particle sizes of CDs. Moreover, some factors affect the properties and performance of CDs, such as the polarity-sensitive fluorescence effect and concentration-dependent multicolor luminescence, together with the size and surface states of CDs. The synchrotron near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) test has been proved to be a useful tool to explore the correlation among structural features, photophysics, and emission performance of CDs. Recent advances of CDs in bioimaging, sensing, therapy, energy, fertilizer, separation, security authentication, food packing, flame retardant, and co-catalyst for environmental remediation applications were reviewed in this article. Furthermore, the roles of CDs, doped CDs, and their composites in these applications were also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|