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Katopodi A, Safari K, Kalospyros A, Politopoulos K, Alexandratou E, Detsi A. Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles incorporating bioactive coumarin analogues as photosensitizing agents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 229:113439. [PMID: 37422991 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxy-coumarin, DAPH) is a naturally occurring coumarin presenting a wide array of biological activities. In the present study, daphnetin and its novel synthetic analogue 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-coumarin (DHC) were encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with Encapsulation Efficiency values of 80% and 40%, respectively. Nanoparticles of an average hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 250 nm were formed, showing a good stability in aqueous dispersion (polydispersity index 0.3-0.4), as determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The SLNs were also characterized using Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). TEM images of the blank-SLNs indicated a spherical morphology and a size of 20-50 nm. The release studies of the coumarin analogues indicated a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism, while the release profiles better fitted on the Higuchi kinetic model. Moreover, the coumarin analogues and their SLNs were examined for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and anti-lipid peroxidation assays, exhibiting stronger antioxidant activity when encapsulated than in their free form. The coumarin derivatives and their SLNs were examined for their photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy against the human squamous carcinoma A431 cell line, with DHC coumarin both in its free and encapsulated form exhibiting significant PDT activity, reducing the cell viability to 11% after irradiation with a fluence rate of 2.16 J/cm2. Finally, the intracellular localization studies indicated the enhanced cellular uptake of the coumarin analogues when loaded in the SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annita Katopodi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Safari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kalospyros
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Politopoulos
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Alexandratou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Detsi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
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Diksha, Singh S, Mahajan E, Sohal SK. Immunomodulatory, cyto-genotoxic, and growth regulatory effects of nerolidol on melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Toxicon 2023; 233:107248. [PMID: 37562702 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Insects have evolved a robust immune system consisting of humoral and cellular branches and their orchestrated response enables insect to defend against exogenous stressors. Exploration of underlying immune mechanisms of insect pest under allelochemical stress can give us new insights on insect pest management. In this study, nerolidol, a plant sesquiterpene was evaluated for its insecticidal, growth regulatory, immunomodulatory, and cyto-genotoxic effects against melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett). First, second, and third instar larvae of Z. cucurbitae were fed on artificial diet containing different concentrations (5, 25, 125, 625, and 3125 ppm) of nerolidol. Results revealed a significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence as well as prolongation of developmental duration of treated larvae. Decline in growth indices showed remarkable growth inhibitory effects of nerolidol. Pupal weight and nutritional parameters viz. Larval weight gain, food assimilated, and mean relative growth rate declined after treatment. Immunological studies on second instar larvae depicted a drop in total hemocyte count and variations in proportions of plasmatocytes and granulocytes of LC30 and LC50 treated larvae. Phenoloxidase activity in nerolidol treated larvae initially increased but was suppressed after 72 h of treatment. The frequency of viable hemocytes decreased and that of apoptotic and necrotic hemocytes increased with both the lethal concentrations of nerolidol. Comet assay revealed a significant damage to DNA of hemocytes. The findings of the current study indicate that nerolidol exerts its insecticidal action through growth regulation, immunomodulation, and cyto-genotoxicity thus revealing its potential to be used as biopesticide against Z. cucurbitae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Evani Mahajan
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinder Kaur Sohal
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Mohajer F, Mirhosseini-Eshkevari B, Ahmadi S, Ghasemzadeh MA, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Badiei A, Farshidfar N, Varma RS, Rabiee N, Iravani S. Advanced Nanosystems for Cancer Therapeutics: A Review. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:7123-7149. [DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938-93973, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | | | - Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938-93973, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran
| | - Nima Farshidfar
- Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
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Antibacterial and Healing Effect of Chicha Gum Hydrogel ( Sterculia striata) with Nerolidol. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032210. [PMID: 36768534 PMCID: PMC9916798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicha gum is a natural polymer obtained from the Sterculia striata plant. The hydroxyl groups of its structure have a chemical affinity to form hydrogels, which favors the association with biologically active molecules, such as nerolidol. This association improves the biological properties and allows the material to be used in drug delivery systems. Chicha gum hydrogels associated with nerolidol were produced at two concentrations: 0.01 and 0.02 g mL-1. Then, the hydrogels were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and rheological analysis. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina. Finally, an in vivo healing assay was carried out. The infrared characterization indicated that interactions were formed during the gel reticulation. This implies the presence of nerolidol in the regions at 3100-3550 cm-1. The rheological properties changed with an increasing concentration of nerolidol, which resulted in less viscous materials. An antibacterial 83.6% growth inhibition effect was observed using the hydrogel with 0.02 g mL-1 nerolidol. The in vivo healing assay showed the practical activity of the hydrogels in the wound treatment, as the materials promoted efficient re-epithelialization. Therefore, it was concluded that the chicha hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound-healing products.
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Bhattacharya S, Sharma S, Prajapati BG. Development of D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate fabricated nanostructural lipid carrier of sorafenib tosylate for metastatic colorectal targeting application: Stability, physical characterization, cytotoxicity, and apoptotic studies against SW48 cells PTEN. Front Oncol 2022; 12:990841. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.990841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to create D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) of sorafenib tosylate (ST) as lymphatic delivery systems (LDDS) to fight Metastatic colorectal cancer. Initially, ST-SLN, ST-NLC, and ST-LNE were formulated considering oleic acid (OA), glycerol monolinoleate (GMO), glycerol monolinoleate (GML) as solid lipid and further characterised, and tested for stability. The most stable ST-NLC was fabricated with TPGS to produce ST-TPGS-NLC and evaluated by performing in vitro drug profiling, in vitro cytotoxicity, and apoptotic studies against human female colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (SW48 Cells PTEN). Stability studies on three lipidic nanoparticles (ST-SLN, ST-NLC, ST-LEN) showed particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential ranging from 165 nm to 298 nm, 0.125 to 0.288, and -31 mV to -16 mV. At 1600 minutes, more than 80% of ST-NLC1 was released, confirming the sustained release pattern of the formulation. ST-NLC and ST-TPGS-NLC have entrapment efficiencies above 50%. Pure ST’s IC50 at 72 hr was 3.45 µg/mL, while 1.56 µg/mL was for ST-TPGS-NLC. The ST-TPGS-NLC reduced the number of livings SW48 Cells PTEN from 91% to 5%, compared to 75% to 8% of pure ST. The ST-TPGS-NLC is a promising LDDS for delivering ST for metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Tian Y, Jia X, Wang Q, Lu T, Deng G, Tian M, Zhou Y. Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Anticancer Activities and Chemical Composition of Alpinia galanga Flower Essential Oil. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091069. [PMID: 36145290 PMCID: PMC9505801 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinia galanga is widely cultivated for its essential oil (EO), which has been used in cosmetics and perfumes. Previous studies of A. galanga focussed mostly on the rhizome but seldom on the flower. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the chemical composition of A. galanga flower EO and firstly estimate its antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibitory, and anticancer activities. According to the results of the gas chromatography with flame ionization or mass selective detection (GC-FID/MS) analysis, the most abundant component of the EO was farnesene (64.3%), followed by farnesyl acetate (3.6%), aceteugenol (3.2%), eugenol (3.1%), E-nerolidol (2.9%), decyl acetate (2.4%), octyl acetate (2.0%), sesquirosefuran (1.9%), (E)-β-farnesene (1.7%), and germacrene D (1.5%). For the bioactivities, the EO exhibited moderate DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging effects with IC50 values of 138.62 ± 3.07 μg/mL and 40.48 ± 0.49 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EO showed strong-to-moderate antibacterial activities with various diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) (8.79−14.32 mm), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (3.13−6.25 mg/mL), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) (6.25−12.50 mg/mL) values against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. Interestingly, the EO possessed remarkable α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 0.16 ± 0.03 mg/mL), which was equivalent to that of the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 0.15 ± 0.01 mg/mL) (p > 0.05). It showed moderate tyrosinase inhibition (IC50 = 0.62 ± 0.09 mg/mL) and weak inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC50 = 2.49 ± 0.24 mg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (IC50 = 10.14 ± 0.59 mg/mL). Furthermore, the EO exhibited considerable selective cytotoxicity to K562 cells (IC50 = 41.55 ± 2.28 μg/mL) and lower cytotoxicity to non-cancerous L929 cells (IC50 = 120.54 ± 8.37 μg/mL), and it induced K562 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, A. galanga flower EO could be regarded as a bioactive natural product with great application potential in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingya Lu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guodong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Minyi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Y.Z.)
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Nanomedicine as an Emerging Technology to Foster Application of Essential Oils to Fight Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070793. [PMID: 35890092 PMCID: PMC9320655 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural prodrugs extracted from plants are increasingly used in many sectors, including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Among these prodrugs, essential oils (EOs) are of particular importance. These biologically active volatile oily liquids are produced by medicinal and aromatic plants and characterized by a distinctive odor. EOs possess high anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant potential but often are associated with low stability; high volatility; and a high risk of deterioration with exposure to heat, humidity, light, or oxygen. Furthermore, their bioavailability is limited because they are not soluble in water, and enhancements are needed to increase their potential to target specific cells or tissues, as well as for controlled release. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology in medicine, may offer efficient solutions to these problems. The technology is based on creating nanostructures in which the natural prodrug is connected to or encapsulated in nanoparticles or submicron-sized capsules that ensure their solubility in water and their targeting properties, as well as controlled delivery. The potential of EOs as anticancer prodrugs is considerable but not fully exploited. This review focusses on the recent progress towards the practical application of EOs in cancer therapy based on nanotechnology applications.
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