Phenylboronic acid-modified polymaleic anhydride-F127 micelles for pH-activated targeting delivery of doxorubicin

Polymer Delivery Systems for Long-Acting Antiretroviral Drugs

The success of long-acting (LA) drug delivery systems (DDSs) is linked to their biocompatible polymers. These are used for extended therapeutic release. For treatment or prevention of human immune deficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection, LA DDSs hold promise for improved regimen adherence and reduced toxicities. Current examples include Cabenuva, Apretude, and Sunlenca. Each is safe and effective. Alternative promising DDSs include implants, prodrugs, vaginal rings, and microarray patches. Each can further meet patients' needs. We posit that the physicochemical properties of the formulation chemical design can optimize drug release profiles. We posit that the strategic design of LA DDS polymers will further improve controlled drug release to simplify dosing schedules and improve regimen adherence.

Multifunctional Polymeric Micelles for Cancer Therapy

Polymeric micelles, nanosized assemblies of amphiphilic polymers with a core-shell architecture, have been used as carriers for various therapeutic compounds. They have gained attention due to specific properties such as their capacity to solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs, biocompatibility, and the ability to accumulate in tumor via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR). Moreover, additional functionality can be provided to the micelles by a further modification. For example, micelle surface modification with targeting ligands allows a specific targeting and enhanced tumor accumulation. The introduction of stimuli-sensitive groups leads to the drug's release in response to environment change. This review highlights the progress in the development of multifunctional polymeric micelles in the field of cancer therapy. This review will also cover some examples of multifunctional polymeric micelles that are applied for tumor imaging and theragnosis.

Hyperoside-loaded TPGs/mPEG-PDLLA self-assembled polymeric micelles: preparation, characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation

Hyperoside (Hyp) self-assembled polymeric micelles (Hyp-PMs) were purposely developed to enhance aqueous solubility, in vivo availability and anti-oxidative effect of Hyp. In preparing Hyp-PMs, we employed the thin film dispersion method with the micelles consisting of TPGs and mPEG2000-PDLLA3000. The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of Hyp-PMs were 67.42 ± 1.44 nm, 0.229 ± 0.015 and -18.67 ± 0.576 mV, respectively, coupled with high encapsulation efficiency (EE)of 90.63 ± 1.45% and drug loading (DL) of 6.97 ± 1.56%. Furthermore, the value of critical micelle concentration (CMC) was quite low, which indicated good stability and improved self-assembly ability of Hyp-PMs. Also, trend of in vitro Hyp release from Hyp-PMs demonstrated enhanced solubility of Hyp. Similarly, in comparison with free Hyp, oral bioavailability of Hyp-PMs was improved (about 8 folds) whilst half-life of Hyp-PMs was extended (about 3 folds). In vitro anti-oxidative effect showed obvious strong scavenging DPPH capability of Hyp-PMs, which may be attributed to its smaller size and better solubility. Altogether, Hyp-PMs may serve as a possible strategy to potentially enhance aqueous solubility, bioavailability and anti-oxidative effect of Hyp, which may play a key role in Hyp application in the pharmaceutical industries.

Biodegradable magnesium ion-doped silica-based molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for targeting tumor cells to drugs controlled release and recognition mechanism research

Herein, we designed and constructed a novel biodegradable molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (Mg-SMSNs/DOX-Ce6 @MIPs) using a new degradable functional monomer prepared by glycerol and lactide, on magnesium ion-doped stellated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Mg-SMSNs). These nanoparticles loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) were used to target sialic acid (SA) overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells and release drugs in response to the tumor microenvironment. The molecularly imprinted layer avoided premature drug leakage, meanwhile, the large number of ester bonds contained in the functional monomers in the layer degraded by protonation in the tumor microenvironment to expose the drugs. Mg²⁺ doping in SMSNs enhanced the degradation performance in tumor microenvironment to achieve tumor-responsive drug release. The multifunctional monomers increased the interaction with SA, enhanced the binding force, and accurately targeted recognition was obtained. The recognition mechanism of Mg-SMSNs/DOX-Ce6 @MIPs to SA and drug release were investigated by model analysis. The cytotoxicity and cellular targeting of Mg-SMSNs/DOX-Ce6 @MIPs revealed that Mg-SMSNs/DOX-Ce6 @MIPs could specifically recognize SA to target MCF-7 tumor cells without interference. Under laser irradiation, Ce6 and DOX could achieve synergistic treatment to tumor cells. Mg-SMSNs/DOX-Ce6 @MIPs present good biological abilities in terms of active targeting, pH-responsiveness, antitumor efficiency and biocompatibility.