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Furlan Goncalves Dias F, Huang YP, Schauer J, Barile D, Van de Water J, Leite Nobrega de Moura Bell JM. Effects of protease-assisted aqueous extraction on almond protein profile, digestibility, and antigenicity. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100488. [PMID: 37095829 PMCID: PMC10121377 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Almonds (Prunus dulcis) are one of the most consumed tree nuts worldwide and have been recognized as a healthy and nutritious food. Nevertheless, almonds are also a source of allergenic proteins that can trigger several mild to life-threatening allergic reactions. The effects of selected extraction conditions (aqueous vs. protease-assisted aqueous extraction) on the protein profile determined by proteomics analysis of excised SDS-PAGE gel bands, in vitro protein digestibility, and immunoreactivity of almond protein extracts, were evaluated. Proteolysis altered almond protein sequential and conformational characteristics thus affecting digestibility and antigenicity. Proteomics analysis revealed that enzymatic extraction resulted in the reduction of allergen proteins and epitopes. While complete hydrolysis of Prunin 1 and 2 α-chain was observed, Prunin 1 and 2 β-chains were more resistant to hydrolysis. Protein in vitro digestibility increased from 79.1 to 88.5% after proteolysis, as determined by a static digestion model. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and peptide content of enzymatically extracted proteins during gastric and duodenal digestion were significantly higher than the ones from unhydrolyzed proteins. Proteolysis resulted in a 75% reduction in almond protein immunoreactivity as determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a reduction in IgE and IgG reactivities using human sera. The present study shows that moderated hydrolysis (7% DH) using protease can be used as a strategy to improve almond protein digestibility and reduce antigenicity. This study's findings could further enhance the potential use of almond protein hydrolysates in the formulation of hypoallergenic food products with improved nutritional quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Furlan Goncalves Dias
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Yu-Ping Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Joseph Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Juliana Maria Leite Nobrega de Moura Bell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
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Ateeq M, Adeel MM, Kanwal A, Tahir ul Qamar M, Saeed A, Khaliq B, Saeed Q, Atiq MN, Bilal M, Alharbi M, Alshammari A, Akrem A. In Silico Analysis and Functional Characterization of Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Vicilin from Moth Bean ( Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal) Seeds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103251. [PMID: 35630727 PMCID: PMC9145308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vicilin has nutraceutical potential and different noteworthy medicative health-promoting biotic diversions, and it is remarkable against pathogenic microorganisms and insects. In this study, Vigna aconitifolia vicilin (VacV) has been identified and characterized from the seed of Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal (Moth beans). LC-MS/MS analysis of VacV provided seven random fragmented sequences comprising 238 residues, showing significant homology with already reported Vigna radiata vicilin (VraV). VacV was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation (60%) followed by size exclusion chromatography on Hi-Load 16/60 Superdex 200 pg column and anion-exchange chromatography (Hi trap Q FF column). Purified VacV showed a major ~50 kDa band and multiple lower bands on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under both reduced and non-reduced conditions. After all, a three-dimensional molecular structure of VacV was predicted, which showed β-sheeted molecular conformation similar to crystallographic structure of VraV. All Vicilins from V. aconitifolia and other plants were divided into six sub-groups by phylogenetic analysis, and VacV shared a high degree of similarity with vicilins of Vigna radiata, Pisum sativum, Lupinus albus, Cicer arietinum and Glycine max. Additionally, VacV (20 μg) has significant growth inhibition against different pathogenic bacteria along strong antifungal activity (50 μg). Likewise, VacV (3.0 mg) produced significant growth reduction in Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae larvae after 9 days compared with control. Furthermore, by using MMT assay, the cytotoxicity effect of VacV on the growth of HepG2 liver cancerous cells was tested. VacV showed cytotoxicity against the HepG-2 line and the acquired value was 180 µg after 48 h. Finally, we performed molecular docking against caspase-3 protein (PDB ID: 3DEI) for VacV bioactive receptor interface residues. Hence, our results reveal that VacV, has nutraceutical potential and moth beans can be used as a rich resource of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ateeq
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Botany Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Muzammal Adeel
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ayesha Kanwal
- College of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahsan Saeed
- Botany Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Binish Khaliq
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Science, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan;
| | - Qamar Saeed
- Department of Entomology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Nauman Atiq
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 53700, Pakistan;
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.u.Q.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.u.Q.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Akrem
- Botany Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (A.A.)
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An Updated Overview of Almond Allergens. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082578. [PMID: 34444737 PMCID: PMC8399460 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree nuts are considered an important food in healthy diets. However, for part of the world’s population, they are one of the most common sources of food allergens causing acute allergic reactions that can become life-threatening. They are part of the Big Eight food groups which are responsible for more than 90% of food allergy cases in the United States, and within this group, almond allergies are persistent and normally severe and life-threatening. Almond is generally consumed raw, toasted or as an integral part of other foods. Its dietary consumption is generally associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Several almond proteins have been recognized as allergens. Six of them, namely Pru du 3, Pru du 4, Pru du 5, Pru du 6, Pru du 8 and Pru du 10, have been included in the WHO-IUIS list of allergens. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in relation to the accurate characterization of the already known almond allergens or putative ones and in relation to the IgE-binding properties of these allergens to avoid misidentifications. In this context, this work aims to critically review the almond allergy problematic and, specifically, to perform an extensive overview regarding known and novel putative almond allergens.
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Zhang Y, Jin T. Almond allergens: update and perspective on identification and characterization. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4657-4663. [PMID: 32270879 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Almond (Prunus dulcis) is not only widely used as a human food as a result of its flavor, nutrients, and health benefits, but it is also one of the most likely tree nuts to trigger allergies. Almond allergens, however, have not been studied as extensively as those of peanuts and other selected tree nuts. This review provides an update of the molecular properties of almond allergens to clarify some confusion about the identities of almond allergens and our perspective on characterizing putative almond allergens. At present, the following almond allergens have been designated by the World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee: Pru du 3 (a non-specific lipid transfer protein 1, nsLTP1), Pru du 4 (a profilin), Pru du 5 (60S acidic ribosomal protein 2), Pru du 6 (an 11S legumin known as prunin) and Pru du 8 (an antimicrobial protein with cC3C repeats). Besides, almond vicilin and almond γ-conglutin have been identified as food allergens, although further characterization of these allergens is still of interest. In addition, almond 2S albumin was reported as a food allergen as a result of the misidentification of Pru du 8. Two more almond proteins have been called allergens based on their sequence homology with known food allergens and their 'membership' in relevant protein families that contain allergens in many species. These include the pathogenesis related-10 protein (referred to as Pru du 1) and the thaumatin-like protein (referred to as Pru du 2). Almonds thus have five known food allergens and five more likely ones that need to be investigated further. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Pitre M, L’Hocine L, Achouri A, Blaquière M, Des Roches A. Immunoglobulin E-Binding Pattern of Canadian Peanut Allergic Children and Cross-Reactivity with Almond, Hazelnut and Pistachio. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1091. [PMID: 32707944 PMCID: PMC7464554 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut allergic individuals can be both co-sensitized and co-allergic to peanut and tree nuts. At the moment, standard diagnostic approaches do not always allow differentiation between clinically relevant sensitization and nonsignificant cross-reactions, and the responsibility of each allergen remains unclear. The objective of this study was therefore to determine a peanut sensitization profile in a cohort of Canadian peanut allergic children and assess the immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecular cross-reactivity between peanut, almond, hazelnut and pistachio. The specific IgE (sIgE) levels of each patient serum were determined by ImmunoCAP, indirect ELISA and immunoblot to examine their sIgE-binding levels and profiles to peanut proteins. Reciprocal inhibition ELISA and immunoblotting were used to study sIgE cross-reactions between peanut and the selected tree nuts using an adjusted and representative serum pool of the nine allergic patients. The results showed that the prepared peanut and tree nut protein extracts allowed for the detection of the majority of peanut and selected tree nut known allergens. The reciprocal inhibition ELISA experiments showed limited sIgE cross-reactivities between peanut and the studied tree nuts, with peanut being most likely the sensitizing allergen and tree nuts the cross-reactive ones. In the case of hazelnut and pistachio, a coexisting primary sensitization to hazelnut and pistachio was also demonstrated in the serum pool. Reciprocal inhibition immunoblotting further revealed that storage proteins (2S albumin, 7S vicilin and 11S legumin) could possibly account for the observed IgE-cross-reactions between peanut and the studied tree nuts in this cohort of allergic individuals. It also demonstrated the importance of conformational epitopes in the exhibited cross-reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Pitre
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Lamia L’Hocine
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Martin Blaquière
- Sherbrooke University Hospital Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Sherbrooke, Department of Pediatrics, 580 Bowen south, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E3, Canada;
| | - Anne Des Roches
- Immunoallergy and Rheumatology Service Department of Pediatrics Medical School CHU Sainte-Justine Institution, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
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Che H, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Jin T, Lyu SC, Nadeau KC, McHugh T. Almond ( Prunus dulcis) Allergen Pru du 8, the First Member of a New Family of Food Allergens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8626-8631. [PMID: 31287307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An almond allergen with two known short peptide sequences was reported as the almond 2S albumin but was later suspected to be almond vicilin. However, this allergen was not designated by the World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies. This study aimed to determine the true identity of this elusive almond allergen. cDNAs were synthesized from total RNA of the Nonpareil almond. The complete sequence of the previously reported almond allergen was determined from its coding sequence. The deduced protein was produced recombinantly and was confirmed to be a food allergen by testing with 18 almond-allergic sera. The allergen is a potential cysteine-rich antimicrobial protein with characteristic C[X]3C-[X]10-12-C[X]3C motifs of the hairpinin antimicrobial protein. This first member of a novel family of food allergens was named Pru du 8. The signature motif of the hairpinin antimicrobial protein can be found in the N-terminal region of some vicilin allergens (e.g., Ara h 1). It can also be found in the signal peptide of other vicilin allergens (e.g., Car i 2). In many species, however, vicilins do not contain such a motif, indicating that the presence of the signature motifs of the hairpinin antimicrobial protein in vicilins might be a result of translocation during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu , Haidian District, Beijing 100038 , People's Republic of China
- Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Songsong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu , Haidian District, Beijing 100038 , People's Republic of China
- Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center , University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230007 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Tara McHugh
- Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
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Che H, Zhang Y, Lyu SC, Nadeau KC, McHugh T. Identification of Almond ( Prunus dulcis) Vicilin As a Food Allergen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:425-432. [PMID: 30512943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Almond is one of the tree nuts listed by U.S. FDA as a food allergen source. A food allergen identified with patient sera has been debated to be the 2S albumin or the 7S vicilin. However, neither of these proteins has been defined as a food allergen. The purpose of this study was to clone, express, and purify almond vicilin and test whether it is a food allergen. Western blot experiment was performed with 18 individual sera from patients with double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical almond allergy. The results showed that 44% of the sera contained IgE antibodies that recognized the recombinant almond vicilin, indicating that it is an almond allergen. Identifying this and additional almond allergens will facilitate the understanding of the allergenicity of seed proteins in tree nuts and their cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , No. 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District , Beijing 100038 , P. R. China
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Tara McHugh
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
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