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Newar UD, Kumar S, Borah A, Borra S, Manna P, Gokulnath S, Maurya RA. Access to Isoxazoles via Photo-oxygenation of Furan Tethered α-Azidoketones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12378-12386. [PMID: 39171928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalyst-free visible light-enabled direct oxygenation of furan-tethered α-azidoketones was studied. The reaction yielded various products depending on the substituents, with isoxazoles forming as the major products. The findings suggest that singlet oxygen was generated during the reaction and reacted with α-azidoketones in a [4 + 2] fashion to yield endoperoxides, which rearranged in multiple ways to generate isoxazoles. Some of the synthesized isoxazoles were evaluated as α-glucosidase inhibitors, and three of them 5bi, 5bj, and 5bl exhibited good activity with IC50 values of 454.57 ± 29.34, 147.84 ± 2.28, and 272.58 ± 42.06 μM, respectively, when compared with the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 1224.33 ± 126.72 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Devi Newar
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology (NEIST), Jorhat 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology (NEIST), Jorhat 785006, India
| | - Anupriya Borah
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Satheesh Borra
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, India
| | - Ram Awatar Maurya
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology (NEIST), Jorhat 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
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Ipe R, Oh JM, Kumar S, Ahmad I, Nath LR, Bindra S, Patel H, Kolachi KY, Prabhakaran P, Gahtori P, Syed A, Elgorbanh AM, Kim H, Mathew B. Inhibition of monoamine oxidases and neuroprotective effects: chalcones vs. chromones. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10959-w. [PMID: 39145880 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Eighteen compounds derived from two sub-series, (HC1-HC9) and (HF1-HF9), were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase (MAO). HC (chalcone) series showed higher inhibitory activity against MAO-B than against MAO-A, whereas the HF (chromone) series showed reversed inhibitory activity. Compound HC4 most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.040 μM, followed by HC3 (IC50 = 0.049 μM), while compound HF4 most potently inhibited MAO-A (IC50 = 0.046 μM), followed by HF2 (IC50 = 0.075 μM). The selectivity index (SI) values of HC4 and HF4 were 50.40 and 0.59, respectively. Structurally, HC4 (4-OC2H5 in B-ring) showed higher MAO-B inhibition than other derivatives, suggesting that the -OC2H5 substitution of the 4-position in the B-ring contributes to the increase of MAO-B inhibition, especially -OC2H5 (HC4) > -OCH3 (HC3) > -F (HC7) > -CH3 (HC2) > -Br (HC8) > -H (HC1) in order. In MAO-A inhibition, the substituent 4-OC2H5 in the B-ring of HF4 contributed to an increase in inhibitory activity, followed by -CH3 (HF2), -F (HF7), -Br (HF8), -OCH3 (HF3), and-H (HF1). In the enzyme kinetics and reversibility study, the Ki value of HC4 for MAO-B was 0.035 ± 0.005 μM, and that of HF4 for MAO-A was 0.035 ± 0.005 μM, and both were reversible competitive inhibitors. We confirmed that HC4 and HF4 significantly ameliorated rotenone-induced neurotoxicity, as evidenced by the reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutase assays. This study also supports the significant effect of HC4 and HF4 on mitochondrial membrane potential in rotenone-induced toxicity. A lead molecule was used for molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies. These results show that HC4 is a potent selective MAO-B inhibitor and HF4 is a potent MAO-A inhibitor, suggesting that both compounds can be used as treatment agents for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Maharashtra, 424002, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Sandeep Bindra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Krishna Yallappa Kolachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Prabitha Prabhakaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Prashant Gahtori
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorbanh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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Agrawal N, Bhardwaj A, Singh S, Goyal A, Gaurav A. Natural Products as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Potential Agents for Neurological Disorders. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:701-714. [PMID: 37165491 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230510141008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of medicinal plants has been advantageous due to their manifestation through various cellular and molecular mechanisms. Inhibition of the monoamine oxidase enzyme is suspected to be a highly effective treatment for various neurological illnesses like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, social phobia, and panic disorders. The study of phytochemicals and plant extracts used as a traditional source of medication revealed that they possess the vast potential for monoamine oxidase inhibition. Thus, the article focuses on the potential use of plant extracts and phytochemicals as sources of novel MAO inhibitors for treating neurological disorders. Exhaustive literature search revealed that a variety of phytochemicals from the categories such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, alkyl phenyl ketones, coumarin derivatives and essential oils have displayed potential MAO inhibition. This review highlights the progress made in the discovery and development of plant-based MAO inhibitors and aims to provide medicinal chemists with an overview of this information to aid in the development of clinically viable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Gaurav
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vasilenko DA, Temnyakova NS, Dronov SE, Radchenko EV, Grishin YK, Gabrel’yan AV, Zamoyski VL, Grigoriev VV, Averina EB, Palyulin VA. 5-Nitroisoxazoles in SNAr Reactions: A Novel Chemo- and Regioselective Approach to Isoxazole-Based Bivalent Ligands of AMPA Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16135. [PMID: 38003327 PMCID: PMC10671298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient regioselective approach to novel functionalized bis(isoxazoles) with a variety of aromatic and aliphatic linkers was elaborated, based on the heterocyclization reaction of electrophilic alkenes under the treatment with tetranitromethane-triethylamine complex affording 3-EWG-5-nitroisoxazoles. The subsequent SNAr reactions of 5-nitroisoxazoles with various O,O-, N,N- and S,S-bis(nucleophiles) provide a wide range of bis(isoxazole) derivatives in good isolated yields. Employing an elaborated method, a series of novel bis(3-EWG-isoxazoles) as the promising allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors were designed and synthesized. The effect of the compounds on the kainate-induced currents was studied in the patch clamp experiments, revealing modulator properties for several of them. The best positive modulator potency was found for dimethyl 5,5'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(sulfanediyl))bis(isoxazole-3-carboxylate), which potentiated the kainate-induced currents in a wide concentration range (10-12-10-6 M) with maximum potentiation of 77% at 10-10 M. The results were rationalized using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of modulator complexes with the dimeric ligand-binding domain of the GluA2 AMPA receptor. The predicted physicochemical, ADMET, and PAINS properties confirmed that the AMPA receptor modulators based on the bis(isoxazole) scaffold may serve as potential lead compounds for the development of neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Vasilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (N.S.T.); (S.E.D.); (E.V.R.); (Y.K.G.); (V.V.G.)
| | - Nadezhda S. Temnyakova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (N.S.T.); (S.E.D.); (E.V.R.); (Y.K.G.); (V.V.G.)
| | - Sevastian E. Dronov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (N.S.T.); (S.E.D.); (E.V.R.); (Y.K.G.); (V.V.G.)
| | - Eugene V. Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (N.S.T.); (S.E.D.); (E.V.R.); (Y.K.G.); (V.V.G.)
| | - Yuri K. Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (N.S.T.); (S.E.D.); (E.V.R.); (Y.K.G.); (V.V.G.)
| | - Alexey V. Gabrel’yan
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny proezd 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia; (A.V.G.); (V.L.Z.)
| | - Vladimir L. Zamoyski
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny proezd 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia; (A.V.G.); (V.L.Z.)
| | - Vladimir V. Grigoriev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (N.S.T.); (S.E.D.); (E.V.R.); (Y.K.G.); (V.V.G.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny proezd 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia; (A.V.G.); (V.L.Z.)
| | - Elena B. Averina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (N.S.T.); (S.E.D.); (E.V.R.); (Y.K.G.); (V.V.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (N.S.T.); (S.E.D.); (E.V.R.); (Y.K.G.); (V.V.G.)
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Abstract
Proper elucidation of drug-target interaction is one of the most significant steps at the early stages of the drug development research. Computer-aided drug design tools have substantial contribution to this stage. In this chapter, we specifically concentrate on the computational methods widely used to develop reversible inhibitors for monoamine oxidase (MAO) isozymes. In this context, current computational techniques in identifying the best drug candidates showing high potency are discussed. The protocols of structure-based drug design methodologies, namely, molecular docking, in silico screening, and molecular dynamics simulations, are presented. Employing case studies of safinamide binding to MAO B, we demonstrate how to use AutoDock 4.2.6 and NAMD software packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Yelekçi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Safiye Sağ Erdem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Bhawna, Kumar A, Bhatia M, Kapoor A, Kumar P, Kumar S. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: A concise review with special emphasis on structure activity relationship studies. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114655. [PMID: 36037788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase enzyme is necessary for the management of brain functions. It oxidatively metabolizes monoamines and produces ammonia, aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide as by-products. Excessive production of by-products of monoamine metabolism generates free radicals which cause cellular apoptosis and several neurodegenerative disorders for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression and autism. The inhibition of MAOs is an attractive target for the treatment of neurological disorders. Clinically approved MAO inhibitors for example selegiline, rasagiline, clorgyline, pargyline etc. are irreversible in nature and cause some adverse effects while recently studied reversible MAO inhibitors are devoid of harmful effects of old monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In this review article we have listed various synthesized molecules containing different moieties like coumarin, chalcone, thiazole, thiourea, caffeine, pyrazole, chromone etc. along with their activity, mode of action, structure activity relationship and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Archana Kapoor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
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M PH, Al-Ostoot FH, Vivek HK, Khanum SA. Synthesis, characterization, DFT, docking studies and molecular dynamics of some 3-phenyl-5-furan isoxazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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8
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Das S, Chanda K. An overview of metal-free synthetic routes to isoxazoles: the privileged scaffold. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32680-32705. [PMID: 35493554 PMCID: PMC9042182 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of drug discovery, isoxazole is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety commonly found in many commercially available drugs. In view of their enormous significance, it is always imperative to unleash new eco-friendly synthetic strategies. Among various novel synthetic techniques in use for isoxazole synthesis, most synthetic methods employ Cu(i) or Ru(ii) as catalysts for (3 + 2) cycloaddition reaction. The particular disadvantages associated with metal-catalyzed reactions are high costs, low abundance, toxicity, a significant generation of waste, and difficulty to separate from the reaction mixtures. In view of these drawbacks, it is always imperative to develop alternate metal-free synthetic routes. This review article highlights a comprehensive overview on the potential application of metal-free synthetic routes for the synthesis of isoxazoles with significant biological interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
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Moorkoth S, Prathyusha NS, Manandhar S, Xue Y, Sankhe R, Pai KSR, Kumar N. Antidepressant-like effect of dehydrozingerone from Zingiber officinale by elevating monoamines in brain: in silico and in vivo studies. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1273-1286. [PMID: 34181212 PMCID: PMC8460585 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is an active ingredient of Zingiber officinale and structural half analogue of curcumin. In the present study, DHZ was evaluated for monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity in silico and antidepressant activity in vivo. METHOD The binding affinity of DHZ with MAO-A (PDB ID: 2Z5Y) was assessed using Schrodinger's Maestro followed by free energy calculation, pharmacokinetic property prediction using Qikprop and Molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond. In vivo antidepressant activity of DHZ was evaluated on C57 BL/6 male mice using Escilatopram as the standard antidepressant. Open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant effect of the drugs on days 1 and 7. Following the behavioural study, neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin) were estimated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS DHZ demonstrated a greater binding affinity for the MAO-A enzyme compared to moclobemide in silico. Immobility in TST and FST were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in vivo with 100mg/kg DHZ as compared to respective controls. DHZ treatment was more effective 1 h post treatment compared to vehicle control. A significant increase in levels of neurotransmitters was observed in mice brain homogenate in response to DHZ treatment, reassuring its antidepressant-like potential. CONCLUSION DHZ demonstrated MAO-A inhibition in silico, and the increased neurotransmitter levels in the brain in vivo were associated with an antidepressant-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Moorkoth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - N Sai Prathyusha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Suman Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Yuanxin Xue
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K S R Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India.
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10
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Singh K, Pal R, Khan SA, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ. Insights into the structure activity relationship of nitrogen-containing heterocyclics for the development of antidepressant compounds: An updated review. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Cruz-Vicente P, Passarinha LA, Silvestre S, Gallardo E. Recent Developments in New Therapeutic Agents against Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases: In-Silico Approaches. Molecules 2021; 26:2193. [PMID: 33920326 PMCID: PMC8069930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), are becoming increasingly more common and are recognized as a social problem in modern societies. These disorders are characterized by a progressive neurodegeneration and are considered one of the main causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no existing cure for AD nor PD and the clinically used drugs aim only at symptomatic relief, and are not capable of stopping neurodegeneration. Over the last years, several drug candidates reached clinical trials phases, but they were suspended, mainly because of the unsatisfactory pharmacological benefits. Recently, the number of compounds developed using in silico approaches has been increasing at a promising rate, mainly evaluating the affinity for several macromolecular targets and applying filters to exclude compounds with potentially unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Thus, in this review, an overview of the current therapeutics in use for these two ND, the main targets in drug development, and the primary studies published in the last five years that used in silico approaches to design novel drug candidates for AD and PD treatment will be presented. In addition, future perspectives for the treatment of these ND will also be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cruz-Vicente
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Samuel Silvestre
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Sharma P, Singh M, Mathew B. An Update of Synthetic Approaches and Structure‐Activity Relationships of Various Classes of Human MAO‐B Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus Kochi 682 041 India
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13
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Ali M, Saleem U, Anwar F, Imran M, Nadeem H, Ahmad B, Ali T, Ismail T. Screening of Synthetic Isoxazolone Derivative Role in Alzheimer's Disease: Computational and Pharmacological Approach. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:905-920. [PMID: 33486698 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is age-dependent neurological disorder with progressive loss of cognition and memory. This multifactorial disease is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, beta amyloid plaques, neuroinflammation, and increased oxidative stress. The increased cellular manifestations of these markers play a critical role in neurodegeneration and pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, reducing neurodegeneration by decreasing one or more of these markers may provide a potential therapeutic roadmap for the treatment of AD. AD causes a devastating loss of cognition with no conclusive and effective treatment. Many synthetic compound containing isoxazolone nucleus have been reported as neuroprotective agents. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-Alzheimer's potential of a newly synthesized 3,4,5-trimethoxy isoxazolone derivative (TMI) that attenuated the beta amyloid (Aβ1-42) and tau protein levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Molecular analysis revealed increased beta amyloid (Aβ1-42) protein levels, increased tau protein levels, increased cellular oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant enzymes in STZ exposed mice brains. Furthermore, ELISA and PCR were used to validate the expression of Aβ1-42. Pre-treatment with TMI significantly improved the memory and cognitive behavior along with ameliorated levels of Aβ1-42 proteins. TMI treated mice further showed marked increase in GSH, CAT, SOD levels while decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI's) and MDA intermediate. The multidimensional nature of isoxazolone derivatives and its versatile affinity towards various targets highpoint its multistep targeting nature. These results indicated the neuroprotective potential of TMI which may be considered for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease specifically in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meissam Ali
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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14
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Sağlık BN, Kaya Çavuşoğlu B, Acar Çevik U, Osmaniye D, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds as potential MAO-A inhibitors - design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1063-1074. [PMID: 33479699 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are important drug targets for the management of neurological disorders. Herein, a series of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing various alkyl/arylamine moieties as MAO inhibitors were designed and synthesized. All of the compounds were more selective against hMAO-A than hMAO-B. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of most of the compounds were lower than that of the common drug moclobemide (IC50 = 4.664 μM) and compound 6b was proven to be the most active compound (IC50 = 0.060 μM). Moreover, it was seen that compound 6b showed a similar inhibition profile to that of clorgyline (IC50 = 0.048 μM). The inhibition profile was found to be reversible and competitive for compound 6b with MAO-A selectivity. Molecular modelling studies aided in the understanding of the interaction modes between compound 6b and MAO-A. Furthermore, this compound was predicted to have a good pharmacokinetic profile and high BBB penetration. Therefore, such compounds are of interest towards developing new MAO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Bulent Ecevit University , 67600 Zonguldak , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +90 (372) 261 31 54
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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15
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Tosato M, Di Marco V. Metal Chelation Therapy and Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review on the Thermodynamics of Complex Formation between Relevant Metal Ions and Promising or Established Drugs. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E269. [PMID: 31324037 PMCID: PMC6681387 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review reports a list of approximately 800 compounds which have been used, tested or proposed for Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy in the year range 2014-2019 (April): name(s), chemical structure and references are given. Among these compounds, approximately 250 have possible or established metal-chelating properties towards Cu(II), Cu(I), Fe(III), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II), which are considered to be involved in metal dyshomeostasis during PD. Speciation information regarding the complexes formed by these ions and the 250 compounds has been collected or, if not experimentally available, has been estimated from similar molecules. Stoichiometries and stability constants of the complexes have been reported; values of the cologarithm of the concentration of free metal ion at equilibrium (pM), and of the dissociation constant Kd (both computed at pH = 7.4 and at total metal and ligand concentrations of 10-6 and 10-5 mol/L, respectively), charge and stoichiometry of the most abundant metal-ligand complexes existing at physiological conditions, have been obtained. A rigorous definition of the reported amounts is given, the possible usefulness of this data is described, and the need to characterize the metal-ligand speciation of PD drugs is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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