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Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032446. [PMID: 36768770 PMCID: PMC9916455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amongst per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have a high persistence in physicochemical and biological degradation; therefore, the accumulation of PFOS and PFOA can negatively affect aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, two microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus) were exposed to different concentrations of a PFOS and PFOA mixture (0 to 10 mg L-1). With increases in the contact time (days) and the PFAS concentration (mg L-1) from 1 to 7, and 0.5 to 10, respectively, the cell viability, total chlorophyll content, and protein content decreased, and the decrease in these parameters was significantly greater in Scenedesmus obliquus. As another step in the study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the toxicity effects of PFAS on microalgae in a logical way, as demonstrated by the high R2 (>0.9). In another stage, a molecular docking study was performed to monitor the interaction of PFOS and PFOA with the microalgae, considering hydrolysis and the enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions using individual enzymes. The analysis was conducted on carboxypeptidase in Chlorella vulgaris and on c-terminal processing protease and oxidized cytochrome c6 in Scenedesmus obliquus. For the enzyme activity, the affinity and dimensions of ligands-binding sites and ligand-binding energy were estimated in each case.
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Kaya G, Noma SAA, Barut Celepci D, Bayıl İ, Taskin-Tok T, Gök Y, Ateş B, Aktaş A, Aygün M, Tezcan B. Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, single crystal X-ray analysis, in vitro xanthine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory evaluation as well as in silico evaluation of selenium-based N-heterocyclic carbene compounds. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11728-11747. [PMID: 36622368 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2163696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, eight new NHC-based selenourea derivatives were synthesized and characterized by using spectroscopic method (1H, 19F, and 13C NMR, FT-IR), and elemental analysis techniques. These compounds were synthesized by mixing benzimidazolium salts, potassium carbonate, and selenium powder in ethyl alcohol. Additionally, the molecular and crystal structures of the three compounds (1c, 2b, and 2c) were determined using the single-crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Diffraction analysis demonstrated the partial carbon-selenium double-bond character of these compounds. All compounds were determined to be highly potent inhibitors for AChE and XO enzymes. The IC50 values for the compounds were found in the range of 0.361-0.754 μM for XO and from 0.995 to 1.746 μM for AChE. The DNA binding properties of the compounds were investigated. These compounds did not have a remarkable DNA binding property. Also, DPPH radical scavenging activities of the compounds were also investigated. Compounds (1c), (2a), (3a), and (3b) exhibited more pronounced DPPH radical scavenging activity when compared to other compounds. Docking studies were applied by using AutoDock 4 to determine interaction mechanism of the selected compounds (1a), (1b), and (3b). The compound (1b) has good binding affinity (-9.78 kcal/mol) against AChE, and (-6.86 kcal/mol) for XO target. Drug similarity properties of these compounds compared to positive controls were estimated and evaluated by ADMET analysis. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations have been applied to understand the accuracy of docking studies. These findings and the defined compounds could be potential candidates for the discovery and progress of effective medicine(s) for AChE and XO in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşen Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Samir Abbas Ali Noma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Barut Celepci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - İmren Bayıl
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Yetkin Gök
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Burhan Ateş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Aydın Aktaş
- Vocational School of Health Service, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
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Halogen-substituted Arene Linked Selenium-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds Induce Significant Cytotoxicity: Crystal Structures and Molecular Docking Studies. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kamal A, Iqbal MA, Bhatti HN, Ghaffar A. Selenium- N-heterocyclic carbene (Se-NHC) complexes with higher aromaticity inhibit microbes: synthesis, structure, and biological potential. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Tezcan B, Gök Y, Sevinçek R, Taslimi P, Taskin‐Tok T, Aktaş A, Güzel B, Aygün M, Gülçin I. Benzimidazolium salts bearing the trifluoromethyl group as organofluorine compounds: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, in silico study, and inhibitory profiles against acetylcholinesterase and α‐glycosidase. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23001. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Yetkin Gök
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science Inonu University Malatya Turkey
| | - Resul Sevinçek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Dokuz Eylul University İzmir Buca Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Bartin University Bartin Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin‐Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey
| | - Aydın Aktaş
- Department of Pathology, Vocational School of Health Service Inonu University Malatya Turkey
| | - Bilgehan Güzel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Dokuz Eylul University İzmir Buca Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum Turkey
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