The association of CD28 polymorphism, rs3116496, with Cancer: A meta-analysis

Potential role of immune cell genetic variants associated with tumor microenvironment response in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in terms of clinicopathological features

Immunomodulatory signals regulate the self-tolerance, activation, priming and survival processes of T cells. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitory signals and CD27, CD28 costimulators have been detected for many solid organ cancers in tumor-infiltrating T cells. It was aimed to investigate the immune cell-based regulatory genetic variants in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in terms of clinicopathological features. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP method for PD-1 rs2227981, PD-L1 rs2890658, CD28 rs3116496, CD27 rs2267966 genetic variants from genomic DNAs extracted from peripheral blood samples in One Hundred Thirty-Six individuals (Sixty-one LSCC and seventy-five controls). Analysis of SNPs was carried out according to multiple inheritance models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant and log-additive). There was no difference between LSCC and control groups in genotype/allele distribution for PD-1 and PD-L1 (p > 0.05). In the PD-1 overdominant model, the CT genotype was found to be high (p = 0.036) in those without a family history. The frequency of C allele (AC+CC) in the PD-L1 dominant model was higher in alcohol users and those with reflux (p = 0.024; p = 0.001 respectively). In the Dominant model for PD-L1, the AA genotype was lower in moderately and well-differentiated tumors than in poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.02). CD27 AT and CD28 CT genotypes were found to be higher in LSCC patients compared to the control group (p = 0.009; p = 0.01 respectively), while linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected between CD27 and CD28 (p = 0.02). In the CD28 dominant model, C allele (CT+CC) carriage was found to be high in those with family history and in those without reflux and perineural invasion (p = 0.01; p = 0.01; p = 0.03 respectively). In LSCC, PD-L1 rather than PD-1 has a prognostic effect in terms of clinicopathology, and the LD and clinicopathological relationships detected between CD28 and CD27 genotypes suggest that the hereditary immune checkpoint-dependent T cell traffic may be pathophysiologically important.

Association of CTLA-4 and CD28 Gene Polymorphisms with Type 1 Diabetes in South Indian Population

Each functional gene illustrates the complexity of genetic predisposition to disease; however, it is difficult to bring out these traits with reference to autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes (T1D). To find out the genetic contribution of CTLA-4 + 49A/G, CTLA-4 -318C/T and CD28 + 17T/C polymorphisms toward T1D, the present study was performed with 124 T1D patients, 54 siblings and 125 parents including 39 trios in South Indian population. The association and linkage of CTLA-4 + 49A/G, CTLA-4 -318C/T and CD28 + 17T/C polymorphisms with T1D were analyzed and transmission disequilibrium test was performed. CTLA-4 G allele carrying genotypes (GG+AG) showed a higher risk association and can be considered as susceptible to develop T1D among patients with age at diagnosis from 0 to 10 years as compared to siblings (OR = 2.9; p_c = 0.047) and parents (OR = 2.7; p_c = 0.036). On the other hand, a strong protection against the disease (age at diagnosis; 0-10 years) was observed with CTLA-4 + 49AA genotype (OR = 0.37; p_c = 0.036) and combined AA/CC genotype (OR = 0.31; p_c = 0.034) of CTLA-4 + 49A/G and CTLA-4 -318C/T polymorphisms. However, a significant association was not observed between CTLA-4 -318C/T and CD28 + 17T/C polymorphisms and T1D. This family-based study reports a strong association between possible genotypes of CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and T1D in South Indian population, particularly in younger individuals.

Association Between the CD28 c.17 +3 T>C Polymorphism (rs3116496) and Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have been conducted on whether CD28 rs3116496 polymorphism affected cancer susceptibility, and these findings have been controversial. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between rs3116496 and susceptibility to cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research published as of October 25, 2018 were comprehensively searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Chinese Wanfang database, CNKI, CBM. Statistical calculations performed using Stata12.0. RESULTS Overall analyses found that rs3116496 was a risk factor for cancer (C versus T, OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29, PH=0.003), and the heterogeneity was moderate (I²=53.3%). In subgroup analysis results by cancer types, the analysis showed that rs3116496 was a risk factor for breast cancer and leukemia. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, rs3116496 was a risk factor for cancer in the Asian population. After PHWE<0.05 was deleted, the analysis showed that rs3116496 might be related to the increased risk of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis confirmed that rs3116496 was significantly related to cancer risk, especially in an Asian population, and was strongly correlated with the increased risk of breast cancer, leukemia and colorectal cancer.