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Sandoval-Reyes M, He R, Semeano R, Ferrão P. Mathematical optimization of waste management systems: Methodological review and perspectives for application. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:630-645. [PMID: 38159502 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The transition to a circular economy through sustainable waste management (WM) follows different paths in each region, depending on its socioeconomic conditions and existing infrastructure. Mathematical optimization models are rigorous tools for informing local decision-making and identifying WM policy levers based on a variety of configurations. This review explores the pathways taken when designing WM optimization models (WM-OMs) that establish a network of waste valorization technologies. To standardize the literature review process, we propose a novel characterization method for examining, relating, and benchmarking the features of WM-OMs. After a thorough review of 58 articles published between 2015 and 2022, we assembled a comprehensive database to document the characteristics of these papers and the type of data reported in their case studies. We aim to provide a solid foundation for streamlining and enhancing future WM-OMs. Our work identifies various opportunities to improve the accuracy and reliability of WM-OMs. They include modeling thermo-chemical reactions in WM processes; considering regulatory, environmental, and political constraints; recognizing the informal sector; exploring the impact of marketing mechanisms on waste prevention and recycling; improving the traceability of case study data; specifying the rationale for uncertainty analysis (UA); and indicating the mathematical model (type, optimization algorithm, and equations). As many WM-OM authors have implemented UA without justifying their method choices, our review provides a pioneering guide for selecting the UA approach. Finally, we discuss the need for a trade-off between performance and practicality as models become more complex, making it critical to consider the specific needs of stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mexitli Sandoval-Reyes
- IN+/LARSyS, Centre for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Associação para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento do Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. António José de Almeida, n.° 12, 1000-043 Lisboa, Portugal; Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., 64849, Mexico.
| | - Rui He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Rui Semeano
- IN+/LARSyS, Centre for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Ferrão
- IN+/LARSyS, Centre for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Hu Y, Zhang W, Tominac P, Shen M, Gorëke D, Martín-Hernández E, Martín M, Ruiz-Mercado GJ, Zavala VM. ADAM: A web platform for graph-based modeling and optimization of supply chains. Comput Chem Eng 2022; 165:107911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Martín-Hernández E, Taifouris M, Martín M. Addressing the contribution of agricultural systems to the phosphorus pollution challenge: a multi-dimensional perspective. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.970707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensification of agricultural systems has increased the food production efficiency, increasing the productivity while the production costs are reduced. Although these factors are key to global food security in a context of continued human population growth, the use of intensive agricultural techniques results in different environmental issues. Mitigating these negative impacts is a requirement for adopting sustainable food production systems. Notably, nutrient pollution is one of the main environmental issues associated with both livestock and crop production. These activities result in different point and non-point source releases of phosphorus, which eventually reach surface and ground waterbodies. This might result in the accumulation of phosphorus over time, contributing to the eutrophication of water ecosystems, and the development of harmful algal bloom (HABs) episodes. The releases of nutrients from agricultural activities can be abated through different management strategies, including the implementation of nutrient recovery techniques at livestock facilities, embracing precision fertilization methods, and developing integrated crop-livestock systems for achieving circular food production systems. In this work, we describe opportunities for Process System Engineering (PSE) to address the development of phosphorus management techniques for mitigating phosphorus pollution from agricultural systems balancing trade-offs between recovery cost and environmental impact mitigation. These techniques integrate the spatial analysis of nutrient pollution from agriculture using geographical information systems (GIS) with the assessment and the selection of phosphorus management techniques combining techno-economic analysis (TEA) and environmental metrics through multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) frameworks, and use mathematical programming for the conceptual design of integrated crop-livestock systems.
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Martín-Hernández E, Hu Y, Zavala VM, Martín M, Ruiz-Mercado GJ. Analysis of incentive policies for phosphorus recovery at livestock facilities in the Great Lakes area. RESOURCES, CONSERVATION, AND RECYCLING 2022; 177:1-12. [PMID: 35370356 PMCID: PMC8972070 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Livestock operations have been highly intensified over the last decades, resulting in the advent of large concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Intensification decreases production costs but also leads to substantial environmental impacts. Specifically, nutrient runoff from livestock waste results in eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and hypoxia. The implementation of nutrient recovery systems in CAFOs can abate nutrient releases and negative ecosystem responses, although they might negatively affect the economic performance of CAFOs. We design and analyze potential incentive policies for the deployment of phosphorus recovery technologies at CAFOs considering the geospatial vulnerability to nutrient pollution. The case study demonstration consists of 2217 CAFOs in the U.S. Great Lakes area. The results reveal that phosphorus recovery is more economically viable in the largest CAFOs due to economies of scale, although they also represent the largest eutrophication threats. For small and medium-scale CAFOs, phosphorus credits progressively improve the profitability of nutrient management systems. The integration of biogas production does not improve the economic performance of phosphorus recovery systems at most of CAFOs, as they lack enough size to be cost-effective. Phosphorus recovery proves to be economically beneficial by comparing the net costs of nutrient management systems with the negative economic impact derived from phosphorus releases. The incentives necessary for avoiding up to 20.7×103 ton/year phosphorus releases and achieve economic neutrality in the Great Lakes area are estimated at $223 million/year. Additionally, the fair distribution of limited incentives is studied using a Nash allocation scheme, determining the break-even point for allocating monetary resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Martín-Hernández
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, hosted by Office of Research & Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Yicheng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Victor M. Zavala
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Mariano Martín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Gerardo J. Ruiz-Mercado
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response (CESER), US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 080007, Colombia
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Tominac PA, Zhang W, Zavala VM. Spatio-Temporal Economic Properties of Multi-Product Supply Chains. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Batchu SP, Hernandez Blazquez B, Malhotra A, Fang H, Ierapetritou M, Vlachos D. Accelerating Manufacturing for Biomass Conversion via Integrated Process and Bench Digitalization: A Perspective. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00560j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a perspective for accelerating biomass manufacturing via digitalization. We summarize the challenges for manufacturing and identify areas where digitalization can help. A profound potential in using lignocellulosic biomass...
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Martín-Hernández E, Martín M, Ruiz-Mercado GJ. A geospatial environmental and techno-economic framework for sustainable phosphorus management at livestock facilities. RESOURCES, CONSERVATION, AND RECYCLING 2021; 175:1-13. [PMID: 35350408 PMCID: PMC8958995 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient pollution of waterbodies is a major worldwide water quality problem. Excessive use and discharge of nutrients can lead to eutrophication and algal blooms in fresh and marine waters, resulting in environmental problems associated with hypoxia, public health issues related to the release of toxins and freshwater scarcity. A promising option to address this problem is the recovery of nutrient releases prior to being discharged into the environment. Driven by the sustainable materials management concept, the COW2NUTRIENT (Cattle Organic Waste to NUTRIent and ENergy Technologies) framework is developed for the techno-economic evaluation and selection of nutrient recovery systems at livestock facilities. Environmental vulnerability to nutrient pollution determined through a geographic information system (GIS)-based model and techno-economic information of different state-of-the-art nutrient management technologies are combined in a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model, resulting in the selection and economic analysis of the most suitable process for each studied livestock facility. This framework has been employed for studying the implementation of sustainable phosphorus management systems at 2,217 livestock facilities in the Great Lakes area, resulting in capital expenses of 2.5 billion USD if only phosphorus recovery technologies are installed, and up to 5.2 billion USD if nutrient management is combined with biogas and power production. However, considering potential economic incentives for the recovery of phosphorus, net revenues up to 230 million USD per year can be achieved. Therefore, the framework presented reveals the potential of implementing nutrient management systems at regional scale for the abatement of phosphorus releases from livestock facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Martín-Hernández
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, hosted by Office of Research & Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mariano Martín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gerardo J. Ruiz-Mercado
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response (CESER), US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 080007, Colombia
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Martín-Hernández E, Ruiz-Mercado GJ, Martín M. Model-driven spatial evaluation of nutrient recovery from livestock leachate for struvite production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:110967. [PMID: 32579523 PMCID: PMC7453615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient pollution is one of the major worldwide water quality problems, resulting in environmental and public health issues. Agricultural activities are the main source of nutrient release emissions, and the livestock industry has been proven to be directly related to the presence of high concentrations of phosphorus in the soil, which potentially can reach waterbodies by runoff. To mitigate the phosphorus pollution of aquatic systems, the implementation of nutrient recovery processes allows the capture of phosphorus, preventing its release into the environment. Particularly, the use of struvite precipitation produces a phosphorus-based mineral that is easy to transport, enabling redistribution of phosphorus to deficient locations. However, livestock leachate presents some characteristics that hinder struvite precipitation, preventing extrapolation of the results obtained from wastewater studies to cattle waste. Consideration of these elements is essential to determine the optimal operating conditions for struvite formation, and for predicting the amount of struvite recovered. In this work, a detailed thermodynamic model for precipitates formation from cattle waste is used to develop surrogate models to predict the formation of struvite and calcium precipitates from cattle waste. The variability in the organic waste composition, and how it affects the production of struvite, is captured through a probability framework based on the Monte Carlo method embedded in the model. Consistent with the developed surrogate models, the potential of struvite production to reduce the phosphorus releases from the cattle industry to watersheds in the United States has been assessed. Also, the more vulnerable locations to nutrient pollution were determined using the techno-ecological synergy sustainability metric (TES) by evaluating the spatial distribution and balance of phosphorus from agricultural activities. Although only struvite formation from cattle operations is considered, reductions between 22% and 36% of the total phosphorus releases from the agricultural sector, including manure releases and fertilizer application, can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Martín-Hernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, hosted by Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Gerardo J Ruiz-Mercado
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response (CESER), Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Mariano Martín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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An integrated methodology for the economic and environmental assessment of a biorefinery supply chain. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hu Y, Sampata AM, Ruiz-Mercado GJ, Zavala VM. Logistics Network Management of Livestock Waste for Spatiotemporal Control of Nutrient Pollution in Water Bodies. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2019; 7:18359-18374. [PMID: 32983653 PMCID: PMC7511004 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient pollution is a widespread water quality problem, which originates from excess nutrient runoff from agricultural land, improperly managed farming operations, and point sources such as wastewater treatment plants. Some nutrient pollution impacts include harmful algal blooms (HABs), hypoxia, and eutrophication. HABs are major environmental events that cause severe health threats and economic losses (e.g., tourism, real estate, commercial fishing). A dimension of the nutrient pollution problem that has not received much attention is that this interacts with organic waste management practices. As a result, it is important to connect the time and location of point and nonpoint nutrient source releases, nutrient soil content, spatial layout, and hydrology of agricultural lands with the transport of nutrients to water bodies and their impacts on aquatic ecosystems. In this work, we show how nutrient concentration in water bodies and other spatiotemporal factors are related to HAB development and how logistics management of livestock waste can be used to conduct space-time management of nutrient pollution. A case study for the Upper Yahara Watershed in the State of Wisconsin (U.S.) is employed to demonstrate the practicability of the modeling framework. Our framework reveals that logistics network management for waste and nutrients can reduce the incidence rates of HABs, but reducing it to nonharmful levels would require long-term efforts such as installing nutrient recovery technologies, coordinating manure storage and application, and deploying management incentive plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Apoorva M. Sampata
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gerardo J. Ruiz-Mercado
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Victor M. Zavala
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Sampat AM, Hu Y, Sharara M, Aguirre-Villegas H, Ruiz-Mercado G, Larson RA, Zavala VM. Coordinated Management of Organic Waste and Derived Products. Comput Chem Eng 2019; 128:352-363. [PMID: 32704194 PMCID: PMC7376758 DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose a coordination framework for managing urban and rural organic waste in a scalable manner by orchestrating waste exchange, transportation, and transformation into value-added products. The framework is inspired by coordinated management systems that are currently used to operate power grids across the world and that have been instrumental in achieving high levels of efficiency and technological innovation. In the proposed framework, suppliers and consumers of waste and derived products as well as transportation and technology providers bid into a coordination system that is operated by an independent system operator. Allocations and prices for waste and derived products are obtained by the operator by solving a dispatch problem that maximizes the social welfare and that balances supply and demand across a given geographical region. Coordination enables handling of complex constraints and interdependencies that arise from transportation and bio-physico-chemical transformations of waste into products. We prove that the coordination system delivers prices and product allocations that satisfy economic and efficiency properties of a competitive market. The framework is scalable in that it can provide open access that fosters transactions between small and large players in urban and rural areas and over wide geographical regions. Moreover, the framework provides a systematic approach to enable coordinated responses to externalities such as droughts and extreme weather events, to monetize environmental impacts and remediation, to achieve complex social goals such as geographical nutrient balancing, and to justify technology investment and development efforts. Furthermore, the framework can facilitate coordination with electrical, natural gas, water, and transportation, and food distribution infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva M Sampat
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yicheng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mahmoud Sharara
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Horacio Aguirre-Villegas
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Gerardo Ruiz-Mercado
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Rebecca A Larson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Victor M Zavala
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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A Novel Reverse Logistics Network Design Considering Multi-Level Investments for Facility Reconstruction with Environmental Considerations. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11092710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reverse logistics is convincingly one of the most efficient solutions to reduce environmental pollution and waste of resources by capturing and recovering the values of the used products. Many studies have been developed for decision-making at tactical, practical, and operational levels of the reverse supply chain. However, many enterprises face a challenge that is how to design the reverse logistics networks into their existing forward logistics networks to account for both economic and environmental sustainability. In this case, it is necessary to design a novel reverse logistics network by reconstructing the facilities based on the existing forward logistics network. Multi-level investments are considered for facility reconstruction because more investment and more advanced remanufacturing technologies need to be applied to reduce the carbon emissions and improve facility capacities. Besides, uncertain elements include the demand for new products and return quantity of used products, making this problem challenging. To handle those uncertain elements, a bi-objective stochastic integer nonlinear programming model is proposed to facilitate this novel reverse logistics network design problem with economic and environmental objectives, where tactical decisions of facility locations, investment level choices, item flows, and vehicle assignments are involved. To show the applicability and computational efficiency of the proposed model, several numerical experiments with sensitivity analysis are provided. Finally, the trade-off between the profit and carbon emissions is presented and the sensitive analysis of changing several key input parameters is also discussed.
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Pérez-Uresti SI, Martín M, Jiménez-Gutiérrez A. Superstructure approach for the design of renewable-based utility plants. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Optimal planning of municipal solid waste management systems in an integrated supply chain network. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A decision support platform for a bio-based supply chain: Application to the region of Lower Saxony and Bremen (Germany). Comput Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Martín-Hernández E, Sampat AM, Zavala VM, Martín M. Optimal integrated facility for waste processing. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sampat AM, Ruiz-Mercado G, Zavala VM. Economic and Environmental Analysis for Advancing Sustainable Management of Livestock Waste: A Wisconsin Case Study. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2018; 6:6018-6031. [PMID: 31534867 PMCID: PMC6750747 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Livestock waste may cause some air quality degradation from ammonia and methane emissions, soil quality detriment due to in-excess nutrients and acidification, and water pollution issues resulting from nutrient and pathogens runoff to water bodies, which leads to eutrophication, algal blooms, and hypoxia. Despite the significant environmental benefits by performing pollution management of these organic materials, the recovery of value-added products from livestock waste is not a current practice due to the high investment costs required and to the low market values being offered for the products that are recovered. Therefore, we present a supply chain design framework to conduct simultaneous economic and environmental analysis of post-livestock organic material to value-added products. The proposed framework captures techno-economic and logistical issues and can accommodate diverse types of policy incentives obtained at federal and state levels, allowing stakeholders to conduct systematic studies on the effect of incentives on economic and environmental viability of different technologies. We apply the framework to a case study for dairy farms in the State of Wisconsin (U.S.). The framework reveals that, from a purely economic perspective, products recovered from dairy waste are not competitive at current market prices. We also find that incorporating current and potential U.S. government incentives in the form of Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) and phosphorus credits can achieve economic viability of the recovery of liquefied biomethane and nutrient-rich products. On the other hand, current incentives for electricity generation (Renewable Energy Credits or RECs) would not achieve economic viability. The analysis also reveals that the best strategy to manage waste is to synergize the deployment of technologies that conduct simultaneous recovery of liquefied biomethane and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva M. Sampat
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gerardo Ruiz-Mercado
- Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
- Corresponding Author:
| | - Victor M. Zavala
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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