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Daniel J, Schönberger Alvarez AA, te Heesen P, Lehrheuer B, Pischinger S, Hollert H, Roß-Nickoll M, Du M. Air-liquid interface exposure of A549 human lung cells to characterize the hazard potential of a gaseous bio-hybrid fuel blend. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300772. [PMID: 38913629 PMCID: PMC11195957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gaseous and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted by the transport sector contribute to air pollution and have adverse effects on human health. To reduce harmful effects to the environment as well as to humans, renewable and sustainable bio-hybrid fuels are explored and investigated in the cluster of excellence "The Fuel Science Center" at RWTH Aachen University. However, data on the effects of bio-hybrid fuels on human health is scarce, leaving a data gap regarding their hazard potential. To help close this data gap, this study investigates potential toxic effects of a Ketone-Ester-Alcohol-Alkane (KEAA) fuel blend on A549 human lung cells. Experiments were performed using a commercially available air-liquid interface exposure system which was optimized beforehand. Then, cells were exposed at the air-liquid interface to 50-2000 ppm C3.7 of gaseous KEAA for 1 h. After a 24 h recovery period in the incubator, cells treated with 500 ppm C3.7 KEAA showed significant lower metabolic activity and cells treated with 50, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm C3.7 KEAA showed significant higher cytotoxicity compared to controls. Our data support the international occupational exposure limits of the single KEAA constituents. This finding applies only to the exposure scenario tested in this study and is difficult to extrapolate to the complex in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Daniel
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Pia te Heesen
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bastian Lehrheuer
- TME—Chair of Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pischinger
- TME—Chair of Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology (E3T), Faculty Biological Sciences (FB15), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miaomiao Du
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Fromer JC, Coley CW. An algorithmic framework for synthetic cost-aware decision making in molecular design. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 4:440-450. [PMID: 38886590 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-024-00639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Small molecules exhibiting desirable property profiles are often discovered through an iterative process of designing, synthesizing and testing sets of molecules. The selection of molecules to synthesize from all possible candidates is a complex decision-making process that typically relies on expert chemist intuition. Here we propose a quantitative decision-making framework, SPARROW, that prioritizes molecules for evaluation by balancing expected information gain and synthetic cost. SPARROW integrates molecular design, property prediction and retrosynthetic planning to balance the utility of testing a molecule with the cost of batch synthesis. We demonstrate, through three case studies, that the developed algorithm captures the non-additive costs inherent to batch synthesis, leverages common reaction steps and intermediates, and scales to hundreds of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C Fromer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Connor W Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Transformation rule-based molecular evolution for automatic gasoline molecule design. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Li J, Maravelias CT, Van Lehn RC. Adaptive Conformer Sampling for Property Prediction Using the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christos T. Maravelias
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Reid C. Van Lehn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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5
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Rivera Gil JL, Serna J, Arrieta‐Escobar JA, Narváez Rincón PC, Boly V, Falk V. Triggers for Chemical Product Design: A Systematic Literature Review. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Rivera Gil
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs, ERPI‐ENSGSI Université de Lorraine Nancy Cedex France
- Grupo de investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Bogotá Bogotá Colombia
| | - Juliana Serna
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs, ERPI‐ENSGSI Université de Lorraine Nancy Cedex France
- Grupo de investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Bogotá Bogotá Colombia
| | - Javier A. Arrieta‐Escobar
- Grupo de investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Bogotá Bogotá Colombia
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés CNRS‐Université de Lorraine Nancy Cedex France
| | - Paulo César Narváez Rincón
- Grupo de investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Bogotá Bogotá Colombia
| | - Vincent Boly
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs, ERPI‐ENSGSI Université de Lorraine Nancy Cedex France
| | - Veronique Falk
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés CNRS‐Université de Lorraine Nancy Cedex France
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6
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Ackermann P, Braun KE, Burkardt P, Heger S, König A, Morsch P, Lehrheuer B, Surger M, Völker S, Blank LM, Du M, Heufer KA, Roß‐Nickoll M, Viell J, von der Aßen N, Mitsos A, Pischinger S, Dahmen M. Designed to Be Green, Economic, and Efficient: A Ketone-Ester-Alcohol-Alkane Blend for Future Spark-Ignition Engines. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5254-5264. [PMID: 34623036 PMCID: PMC9299169 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Model-based fuel design can tailor fuels to advanced engine concepts while minimizing environmental impact and production costs. A rationally designed ketone-ester-alcohol-alkane (KEAA) blend for high efficiency spark-ignition engines was assessed in a multi-disciplinary manner, from production cost to ignition characteristics, engine performance, ecotoxicity, microbial storage stability, and carbon footprint. The comparison included RON 95 E10, ethanol, and two previously designed fuels. KEAA showed high indicated efficiencies in a single-cylinder research engine. Ignition delay time measurements confirmed KEAA's high auto-ignition resistance. KEAA exhibits a moderate toxicity and is not prone to microbial infestation. A well-to-wheel analysis showed the potential to lower the carbon footprint by 95 percent compared to RON 95 E10. The findings motivate further investigations on KEAA and demonstrate advancements in model-based fuel design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karsten E. Braun
- Institute for Environmental ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Patrick Burkardt
- Chair of Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion SystemsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Sebastian Heger
- Institute for Environmental ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Andrea König
- Process Systems EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Philipp Morsch
- Chair of High Pressure Gas DynamicsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Bastian Lehrheuer
- Chair of Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion SystemsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Maximilian Surger
- Institute of Applied MicrobiologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Simon Völker
- Institute of Technical ThermodynamicsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52062Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- Institute of Applied MicrobiologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Miaomiao Du
- Institute for Environmental ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | | | - Martina Roß‐Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Jörn Viell
- Process Systems EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Niklas von der Aßen
- Institute of Technical ThermodynamicsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52062Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-10Energy Systems EngineeringForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich52425Germany
- Process Systems EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
- JARA-ENERGYAachen52056Germany
| | - Stefan Pischinger
- Chair of Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion SystemsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
- JARA-ENERGYAachen52056Germany
| | - Manuel Dahmen
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-10Energy Systems EngineeringForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich52425Germany
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Weber JM, Guo Z, Zhang C, Schweidtmann AM, Lapkin AA. Chemical data intelligence for sustainable chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12013-12036. [PMID: 34520507 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights new opportunities for optimal reaction route selection from large chemical databases brought about by the rapid digitalisation of chemical data. The chemical industry requires a transformation towards more sustainable practices, eliminating its dependencies on fossil fuels and limiting its impact on the environment. However, identifying more sustainable process alternatives is, at present, a cumbersome, manual, iterative process, based on chemical intuition and modelling. We give a perspective on methods for automated discovery and assessment of competitive sustainable reaction routes based on renewable or waste feedstocks. Three key areas of transition are outlined and reviewed based on their state-of-the-art as well as bottlenecks: (i) data, (ii) evaluation metrics, and (iii) decision-making. We elucidate their synergies and interfaces since only together these areas can bring about the most benefit. The field of chemical data intelligence offers the opportunity to identify the inherently more sustainable reaction pathways and to identify opportunities for a circular chemical economy. Our review shows that at present the field of data brings about most bottlenecks, such as data completion and data linkage, but also offers the principal opportunity for advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Weber
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK. .,Chemical Data Intelligence (CDI) Pte Ltd, Robinson Road, #02-00, 068898, Singapore
| | - Zhen Guo
- Chemical Data Intelligence (CDI) Pte Ltd, Robinson Road, #02-00, 068898, Singapore.,Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, CARES Ltd. 1 CREATE Way, CREATE Tower #05-05, 138602, Singapore
| | - Chonghuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Artur M Schweidtmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Alexei A Lapkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK. .,Chemical Data Intelligence (CDI) Pte Ltd, Robinson Road, #02-00, 068898, Singapore.,Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, CARES Ltd. 1 CREATE Way, CREATE Tower #05-05, 138602, Singapore
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8
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Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13168729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several countries have set ambitious targets for the transport sector that mandate a gradual increase in advanced biofuel content in the coming years. The current work addresses this transition and indicates two promising gasoline bio-blendstocks: Anisole and isobutanol. The whole value chains of these bio-components were considered, focusing on end-use performance, but also analyzing feedstock and its conversion, well-to wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs. Three alternative fuels, namely a ternary blend (15% anisole, 15% isobutanol, 70% fossil gasoline on an energy basis) and two binary blends (15% anisole with fossil gasoline and 30% isobutanol with fossil gasoline), were tested, focusing on their drop-in applicability in spark ignition (SI) engines. The formulated liquid fuels performed well and showed the potential to increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 1.4% on average. Measured unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were increased on average by 12–29% and 17–51%, respectively. However, HC and CO concentrations and exhaust temperatures were at acceptable levels for proper catalyst operation. The studied blends were estimated to bring 11–22% of WTW GHG emission reductions compared to base gasoline. Additionally, the fleet performance and benefits of flexi-fuel vehicles (FFV) were modeled for ternary blends.
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9
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König A, Siska M, Schweidtmann AM, Rittig JG, Viell J, Mitsos A, Dahmen M. Designing production-optimal alternative fuels for conventional, flexible-fuel, and ultra-high efficiency engines. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Synthesis and design of sustainable integrated process, water treatment, and power generation networks. Comput Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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