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Pultruded GFRP Reinforcing Bars Using Nanomodified Vinyl Ester. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245710. [PMID: 33327650 PMCID: PMC7765103 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars have relatively low shear strength, which limits their possible use in civil infrastructure applications with high shear demand, such as concrete reinforcing dowels. We suggest that the horizontal shear strength of GFRP bars can be significantly improved by nanomodification of the vinyl ester resin prior to pultrusion. The optimal content of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) well dispersed into the vinyl ester resin was determined using viscosity measurements and scanning electron micrographs. Longitudinal tension and short beam shear tests were conducted to determine the horizontal shear strength of the nanomodified GFRP reinforcing bars. While the tensile strength of the GFRP reinforcing bars was improved by 20%, the horizontal shear strength of the bars was improved by 111% compared with the shear strength of neat GFRP bars pultruded using the same settings. Of special interest is the absence of the typical broom failure observed in GFRP when MWCNTs were used. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements and fiber volume fraction confirmed the quality of the new pultruded GFRP bars. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) measurements demonstrated the formation of carboxyl stretching in nanomodified GFRP bars, indicating the formation of a new chemical bond. The new pultrusion process using nanomodified vinyl ester enables expanding the use of GFRP reinforcing bars in civil infrastructure applications.
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Effect of carbon nanotubes reinforcement on the polyvinyl alcohol – polyethylene glycol double-network hydrogel composites: A general approach to shape memory and printability. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Functionalization of carbon nanomaterials for advanced polymer nanocomposites: A comparison study between CNT and graphene. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jiang D, Huan Y, Sun C, Hu C, Guo J, Long J, Khan MA, Young DP, Guo Z. Thermal, mechanical and magnetic properties of functionalized magnetite/vinyl ester nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17190g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol functionalized magnetite nanoparticles increased the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix while introducing magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Jiang
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yinghong Huan
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Caiying Sun
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Chunping Hu
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Jiang Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Jun Long
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Mojammel A. Khan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - David P. Young
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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Massoumi B, Jafarpour P, Jaymand M, Entezami AA. Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as reinforcing agents for poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization and properties. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bakhshali Massoumi
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; PO Box 19395-3697 Tehran IR Iran
| | - Parivash Jafarpour
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; PO Box 19395-3697 Tehran IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; PO Box 51656-65811 Tabriz IR Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Entezami
- Laboratory of Polymer, Faculty of Chemistry; Tabriz University; 51666-16471 Tabriz IR Iran
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White KL, Li P, Sumi Y, Sue HJ. Rheology of Disentangled Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Uncured Epoxy Fluid. J Phys Chem B 2013; 118:362-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. White
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Sumi
- Process Research Laboratory, Corporate R&D Division, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago-cho, Takasago-shi, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Szebényi G, Romhány G, Vajna B, Czvikovszky T. EB treatment of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Stocchi A, Rodríguez E, Vázquez A, Bernal C. Deformation and fracture behaviors of vinylester/fly ash composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Cheng HKF, Pan Y, Sahoo NG, Chong K, Li L, Hwa Chan S, Zhao J. Improvement in properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polypropylene nanocomposites through homogeneous dispersion with the aid of surfactants. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Effect of clay content and clay/surfactant on the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Grady BP. Recent developments concerning the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 31:247-57. [PMID: 21590898 DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymers is key to most applications of nanotube-polymer composites. This feature article describes recent advances in methods used to disperse carbon nanotubes and considers how these methods affect dispersion on different length scales. It is becoming increasing clear that perfect dispersion is not desired for many applications, in particular for electrical conductivity, and controlling the dispersion is key for proper function of the composite in its intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Grady
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CaNTeC) and School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA.
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Seyhan AT, de la Vega A, Tanoglu M, Schulte K. Thermal curing behavior of MWCNT modified vinyl ester-polyester resin suspensions prepared with 3-roll milling technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Mukherjee M, Bose S, Nayak GC, Das CK. A study on the properties of PC/LCP/MWCNT with and without compatibilizers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-009-9313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Ghislandi M, de A. Prado LAS, de la Vega Oyerviedes A, Wittich H, Schulte K, Barros‐Timmons A. Functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) through atom transfer radical polymerization for the preparation of poly(
tert
‐butyl acrylate)/CNF materials: Spectroscopic, thermal, morphological, and physical characterizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Ghislandi
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810‐193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institut für Kunststoffe und Verbundwerkstoffe, Technische Universität Hamburg‐Harburg,Gebäude K, Hamburg, D‐21073 Germany
| | | | | | - Hans Wittich
- Institut für Kunststoffe und Verbundwerkstoffe, Technische Universität Hamburg‐Harburg,Gebäude K, Hamburg, D‐21073 Germany
| | - Karl Schulte
- Institut für Kunststoffe und Verbundwerkstoffe, Technische Universität Hamburg‐Harburg,Gebäude K, Hamburg, D‐21073 Germany
| | - Ana Barros‐Timmons
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810‐193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Seyhan A, Gojny F, Tanoğlu M, Schulte K. Rheological and dynamic-mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube/vinyl ester–polyester suspensions and their nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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