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Kumanek B, Milowska KZ, Przypis Ł, Stando G, Matuszek K, MacFarlane D, Payne MC, Janas D. Doping Engineering of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Nitrogen Compounds Using Basicity and Alignment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25861-25877. [PMID: 35584201 PMCID: PMC9185683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport properties in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be significantly modified through doping, tuning their electrical and thermoelectric properties. In our study, we used more than 40 nitrogen-bearing compounds as dopants and determined their impact on the material's electrical conductivity. The application of nitrogen compounds of diverse structures and electronic configurations enabled us to determine how the dopant nature affects the SWCNTs. The results reveal that the impact of these dopants can often be anticipated by considering their Hammett's constants and pKa values. Furthermore, the empirical observations supported by first-principles calculations indicate that the doping level can be tuned not only by changing the type and the concentration of dopants but also by varying the orientation of nitrogen compounds around SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła Kumanek
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University
of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karolina Z. Milowska
- TCM
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- CIC
nanoGUNE, Tolosa Hiribidea
76, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Łukasz Przypis
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University
of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stando
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University
of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karolina Matuszek
- Monash
University, School of Chemistry, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Mike C. Payne
- TCM
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University
of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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2
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Ferrocene-Containing Pseudorotaxanes in Crystals: Aromatic Interactions with Hammett Correlation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051745. [PMID: 35268846 PMCID: PMC8911870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of pseudorotaxanes, [(FcCH2NH2CH2Ar)(DB24C8)][PF6] (DB24C8 = dibenzo[24]crown-8, Fc = Fe(C5H4)(C5H5), Ar = -C6H3-3,4-Cl2, -C6H3-3,4-F2, -C6H4-4-F, -C6H4-4-Cl, -C6H4-4-Br, -C6H3-3-F-4-Me, -C6H4-4-I) and [(FcCH2NH2CH2C6H4-4-Me)(DB24C8)][Ni(dmit)2] (dmit = 1,3-dithiole-2,4,5-dithiolate), were obtained from solutions containing DB24C8 and ferrocenylmethyl(arylmethyl)ammonium. X-ray crystallographic analyses of the pseudorotaxanes revealed that the aryl ring of the axle moiety and the catechol ring of the macrocyclic component were at close centroid distances and parallel or tilted orientation. The structures with parallel aromatic rings showed correlation of the distances between the centroids to Hammett substituent constants of the aryl groups.
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Safi ZS, Wazzan N. Benchmark calculations of proton affinity and gas-phase basicity using multilevel (G4 and G3B3), B3LYP and MP2 computational methods of para-substituted benzaldehyde compounds. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:1106-1117. [PMID: 33871092 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the benchmark calculations of proton affinities (PAs) and gas-phase basicities (GBs) of 8-para substituted benzaldehyde compounds using the multilevel model chemistries (G3B3 and G4), density-functional quantum model (B3LYP) and ab initio model (MP2). The results show that the computed properties are strongly correlated with the available experimental data. The PAs and the GBs of other eight para-substituted benzaldehyde compounds, for which the experimental data does not currently exist, have been calculated using G3B3 and B3LYP methods. The correlations between the experimental PAs and GBs with the computed properties such as PA, GB, chemical properties (bond lengths, electron density and δ1 H NMR chemical shift) of the investigated benzaldehydes have been studied and statistically analyzed. The influence of the substituted groups has been discussed in terms of inductive effect and electron donating and electron withdrawing effect. The results obtained show that the chemical properties of the benzaldehyde compounds are controlled by the strong coupling between the CHO group and the nature of the para-substituent groups through the benzene ring as a conducting linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki S Safi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Nuha Wazzan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Lebedev AV. Pyridine and Methylpyridines: Calculations of the Structure, Proton Affinity, Gas-Phase Basicity, and Mobility of Protonated Molecules and Proton-Bound Dimers. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820130079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dvořáčková O, Chval Z. Tuning the Reactivity and Bonding Properties of Metal Square-Planar Complexes by the Substitution(s) on the Trans-Coordinated Pyridine Ring. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11768-11783. [PMID: 32478268 PMCID: PMC7254792 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the hydration reaction on trans-[Pt(NH3)2(pyrX)Cl]+ (pyr = pyridine) complexes (X = OH-, Cl-, F-, Br-, NO2 -, NH2, SH-, CH3, C≡CH, and DMA) was studied by density functional theory calculations in the gas phase and in water solution described by the implicit polarizable continuum model method. All possible positions ortho, meta, and para of the substituent X in the pyridine ring were considered. The substitution of the pyr ligand by electron-donating X's led to the strengthening of the Pt-N1(pyrX) (Pt-NpyrX) bond and the weakening of the trans Pt-Cl or Pt-Ow bonds. The electron-withdrawing X's have exactly the opposite effect. The strengths of these bonds can be predicted from the basicity of sigma electrons on the NpyrX atom determined on the isolated pyrX ligand. As the pyrX ring was oriented perpendicularly with respect to the plane of the complex, the nature of the X···Cl electrostatic interaction was the decisive factor for the transition-state (TS) stabilization which resulted in the highest selectivity of ortho-substituted systems with respect to the reaction rate. Because of a smaller size of X's, the steric effects influenced less importantly the values of activation Gibbs energies ΔG ⧧ but caused geometry changes such as the elongation of the Pt-NpyrX bonds. Substitution in the meta position led to the highest ΔG ⧧ values for most of the X's. The changes of ΔG ⧧ because of electronic effects were the same in the gas phase and the water solvent. However, as the water solvent dampened electrostatic interactions, 2200 and 150 times differences in the reaction rate were observed between the most and the least reactive mono-substituted complexes in the gas phase and the water solvent, respectively. An additional NO2 substitution of the pyrNO2 ligand further decelerated the rate of the hydration reaction, but on the other hand, the poly-NH2 complexes were no more reactive than the fastest o-NH2 system. In the gas phase, the poly-X complexes showed the additivity of the substituent effects with respect to the Pt-ligand bond strengths and the ligand charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dvořáčková
- Faculty
of Health and Social Sciences, University
of South Bohemia, J.
Boreckého 27, 370 11 České Budějovice, Czech
Republic
- Faculty
of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Chval
- Faculty
of Health and Social Sciences, University
of South Bohemia, J.
Boreckého 27, 370 11 České Budějovice, Czech
Republic
- . Phone: +420-389-037-612
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Zobeydi R, Nazari P, Rahman Setayesh S. Theoretical study of the thermodynamic parameters of (CaO)n nanoclusters with n = 2–16 in the gas and solution phases: proton affinity, molecular basicity, and pKb values. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jaju K, Pal D, Chakraborty A, Chakraborty S. Electronic substituent effect on Se-H⋯N hydrogen bond: A computational study of para-substituted pyridine-SeH2 complexes. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpletx.2019.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Theoretical studies of the influence of protic and aprotic ionic liquids on the basicity of CaO as a solid base catalyst. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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The effect of anion-π interactions on the properties of pyrazinamide and some related compounds. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Valadbeigi Y. Relationship between proton affinities and structures of proton-bound dimers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2017; 23:55-63. [PMID: 28657412 DOI: 10.1177/1469066717700429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a structural approach for determination of proton affinities of molecules. In proton-bound dimer [X…H…M]+, M and X compete with each other to capture the proton. The correlation between proton affinities of a series of molecules, M, and X…H bond length was studied while X was a common molecule in the all proton-bound dimers. Linear relationships were observed between proton affinities of a series of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones and amines and X…H bond length, where H2O and HF were used as X. The method was employed for the measurement of proton affinities of (HF)1-10 clusters using NH3 and H2O as common molecules, [NH3…H…(HF)n]+ and [H2O…H…(HF)n]+. A linear correlation was observed for the PAs of (HF)n clusters versus N…H bond length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Valadbeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Raczyńska ED, Gal JF, Maria PC. Enhanced Basicity of Push-Pull Nitrogen Bases in the Gas Phase. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13454-13511. [PMID: 27739663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen bases containing one or more pushing amino-group(s) directly linked to a pulling cyano, imino, or phosphoimino group, as well as those in which the pushing and pulling moieties are separated by a conjugated spacer (C═X)n, where X is CH or N, display an exceptionally strong basicity. The n-π conjugation between the pushing and pulling groups in such systems lowers the basicity of the pushing amino-group(s) and increases the basicity of the pulling cyano, imino, or phosphoimino group. In the gas phase, most of the so-called push-pull nitrogen bases exhibit a very high basicity. This paper presents an analysis of the exceptional gas-phase basicity, mostly in terms of experimental data, in relation with structure and conjugation of various subfamilies of push-pull nitrogen bases: nitriles, azoles, azines, amidines, guanidines, vinamidines, biguanides, and phosphazenes. The strong basicity of biomolecules containing a push-pull nitrogen substructure, such as bioamines, amino acids, and peptides containing push-pull side chains, nucleobases, and their nucleosides and nucleotides, is also analyzed. Progress and perspectives of experimental determinations of GBs and PAs of highly basic compounds, termed as "superbases", are presented and benchmarked on the basis of theoretical calculations on existing or hypothetical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa D Raczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) , ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jean-François Gal
- Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN) - UMR CNRS 7272, University Nice Sophia Antipolis , Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Pierre-Charles Maria
- Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN) - UMR CNRS 7272, University Nice Sophia Antipolis , Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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Hęclik K, Dobrowolski JC. On the nonadditivity of the substituent effect in homo-disubstituted pyridines. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Hęclik
- Rzeszów University of Technology; 12 Powstańcow Warszawy-Street 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
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Sutradhar D, Zeegers-Huyskens T, Chandra AK. Theoretical study of the interaction between pyridine derivatives and atomic chlorine. Substituent effect and nature of the bonding. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1014440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Calculation of acidity/basicity values of some fluorinated compounds in gas phase and aqueous solution: A computational approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Szatylowicz H, Stasyuk OA, Krygowski TM. Substituent Effects in Heterocyclic Systems. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Proton affinity and molecular basicity of m - and p -substituted benzamides in gas phase and in solution: A theoretical study. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Golec B, Das P, Bahou M, Lee YP. Infrared Spectra of the 1-Pyridinium (C5H5NH+) Cation and Pyridinyl (C5H5NH and 4-C5H6N) Radicals Isolated in Solid para-Hydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13680-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407668z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Golec
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Prasanta Das
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Mohammed Bahou
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Haloui A, Haloui E. Proton affinity of para-substituted acetophenones in gas phase and in solution: a theoretical study. J Mol Model 2012; 19:631-46. [PMID: 22996912 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The gas phase proton affinities PA and basicities GB for a series of para-substituted acetophenones weak bases (B) p.X-C(6)H(4)CO*CH(3) with X=H, F, Cl, Br, I, Me, CF(3), CN, NO(2), OCH(3), NH(2), CH(2)OH, N(CH(3))(2), OH, [Formula: see text], … have been calculated at 298.15 K at the density functional theory DFT/B3LYP level with a 6-311++G (2d,2p) basis set. Conformational results lead to only one stable planar conformer for both unprotonated compounds and their O*-protonated forms. Satisfactory accuracy and computational efficiency could be reached if the computed PAs are scaled by a factor 0.983. Protonation at more than one site is discussed and the carbonyl oxygen atom is found to be the preferential protonated site rather than the substituent X. The calculated gas phase PAs show a good agreement with the experimental available data. The electron-donating/electron-withdrawing nature of the substituents has an enormous influence upon the thermochemical and structural properties. The influence of environment on the proton affinity has been studied by means of SCRF solvent effect computations using PCM solvation model for two solvents: water and SO(2)CI(2). Confrontation between computed and experimental pK(B) values exhibits better agreement in aqueous solution than in organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Haloui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Manar 2, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Maksić ZB, Kovačević B, Vianello R. Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5240-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100458v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir B. Maksić
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Howard JC, Hammer NI, Tschumper GS. Structures, energetics and vibrational frequency shifts of hydrated pyrimidine. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:3262-73. [PMID: 21994177 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
More than 70 unique micro-hydrated structures of pyrimidine, ranging in size from 1 to 7 water molecules, have been characterized with the B3LYP density functional and the 6-311++G(2df,2pd) triple-ζ split-valence basis set. Explicitly correlated MP2-F12 single-point computations were performed on each structure with a correlation consistent triple-ζ basis set to estimate the relative and dissociation energies at the MP2 complete basis set (CBS) limit. Many of these new structures have significantly lower energies than those previously reported (by as much as 12.66 kcal mol(-1)). For clusters with 1 and 2 water molecules, the MP2-F12 relative and dissociation energies are virtually identical to the corresponding CCSD(T)-F12 values. As the number of hydrating waters increases, the structures in which the water molecules are clustered together at one of the N atoms have lower energies than those where the water molecules are more distributed around the pyrimidine ring. Micro-hydrated structures that effectively extend the low-energy hydrogen-bonding motifs to both sides of the ring, as would be expected in the bulk phase, reproduce the experimentally observed vibrational frequency shifts of ν(1) and ν(8b) in very dilute aqueous pyrimidine solutions to within 1 cm(-1) . Micro-hydrated structures of pyrimidine in which water molecules are clustered together have lower energies than structures in which the water molecules are more evenly spread around the pyrimidine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Coleman Howard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655-1848, USA
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