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Konermann L, Kim S. Grotthuss Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Modeling Proton Hopping in Electrosprayed Water Droplets. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3781-3794. [PMID: 35544700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excess protons in water exhibit unique transport properties because they can rapidly hop along H-bonded water wires. Considerable progress has been made in unraveling this Grotthuss diffusion mechanism using quantum mechanical-based computational techniques. Unfortunately, high computational cost tends to restrict those techniques to small systems and short times. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be applied to much larger systems and longer time windows. However, standard MD methods do not permit the dissociation/formation of covalent bonds, such that Grotthuss diffusion cannot be captured. Here, we bridge this gap by combining atomistic MD simulations (using Gromacs and TIP4P/2005 water) with proton hopping. Excess protons are modeled as hydronium ions that undergo H3O+ + H2O → H2O + H3O+ transitions. In accordance with ab initio MD data, these Grotthuss hopping events are executed in "bursts" with quasi-instantaneous hopping across one or more waters. The bursts are separated by regular MD periods during which H3O+ ions undergo Brownian diffusion. The resulting proton diffusion coefficient agrees with the literature value. We apply this Grotthuss MD technique to highly charged water droplets that are in a size regime encountered during electrospray ionization (5 nm radius, ∼17,000 H2O). The droplets undergo rapid solvent evaporation and occasional H3O+ ejection, keeping them at ca. 81% of the Rayleigh limit. The simulated behavior is consistent with phase Doppler anemometry data. The Grotthuss MD technique developed here should be useful for modeling the behavior of various proton-containing systems that are too large for high-level computational approaches. In particular, we envision future applications related to electrospray processes, where earlier simulations used metal cations while in reality excess protons dominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Scott Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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2
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Shi R, Li K, Su Y, Tang L, Huang X, Sai L, Zhao J. Revisit the landscape of protonated water clusters H +(H 2O) n with n = 10-17: An ab initio global search. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:174305. [PMID: 29739201 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a genetic algorithm incorporated with density functional theory, we explore the ground state structures of protonated water clusters H+(H2O)n with n = 10-17. Then we re-optimize the isomers at B97-D/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The extra proton connects with a H2O molecule to form a H3O+ ion in all H+(H2O)10-17 clusters. The lowest-energy structures adopt a monocage form at n = 10-16 and core-shell structure at n = 17 based on the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ//B97-D/aug-cc-pVDZ+ZPE single-point-energy calculation. Using second-order vibrational perturbation theory, we further calculate the infrared spectra with anharmonic correction for the ground state structures of H+(H2O)10-17 clusters at the PBE0/aug-cc-pVDZ level. The anharmonic correction to the spectra is crucial since it reproduces the experimental results quite well. The extra proton weakens the O-H bond strength in the H3O+ ion since the Wiberg bond order of the O-H bond in the H3O+ ion is smaller than that in H2O molecules, which causes a red shift of the O-H stretching mode in the H3O+ ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Keyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lingli Tang
- College of Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Linwei Sai
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
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Malloum A, Fifen JJ, Dhaouadi Z, Nana Engo SG, Jaidane NE. Structures and spectroscopy of medium size protonated ammonia clusters at different temperatures, H+(NH3)10–16. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:044305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4974179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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4
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Ab initio investigation of possible candidate structures and properties of water cluster (H2O)7+ via particle swarm optimization method. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Nakai Y, Hidaka H, Watanabe N, Kojima TM. Stepwise formation of H3O(+)(H2O)n in an ion drift tube: Empirical effective temperature of association/dissociation reaction equilibrium in an electric field. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:224306. [PMID: 27306006 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured equilibrium constants for H3O(+)(H2O)n-1 + H2O↔H3O(+)(H2O)n (n = 4-9) reactions taking place in an ion drift tube with various applied electric fields at gas temperatures of 238-330 K. The zero-field reaction equilibrium constants were determined by extrapolation of those obtained at non-zero electric fields. From the zero-field reaction equilibrium constants, the standard enthalpy and entropy changes, ΔHn,n-1 (0) and ΔSn,n-1 (0), of stepwise association for n = 4-8 were derived and were in reasonable agreement with those measured in previous studies. We also examined the electric field dependence of the reaction equilibrium constants at non-zero electric fields for n = 4-8. An effective temperature for the reaction equilibrium constants at non-zero electric field was empirically obtained using a parameter describing the electric field dependence of the reaction equilibrium constants. Furthermore, the size dependence of the parameter was thought to reflect the evolution of the hydrogen-bond structure of H3O(+)(H2O)n with the cluster size. The reflection of structural information in the electric field dependence of the reaction equilibria is particularly noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Nakai
- Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hidaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Takao M Kojima
- Atomic Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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6
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Fifen JJ, Agmon N. Structure and Spectroscopy of Hydrated Sodium Ions at Different Temperatures and the Cluster Stability Rules. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:1656-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jules Fifen
- The
Fritz Haber Research Center, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Noam Agmon
- The
Fritz Haber Research Center, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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7
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Bonthuis DJ, Mamatkulov SI, Netz RR. Optimization of classical nonpolarizable force fields for OH− and H3O+. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:104503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4942771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Jan Bonthuis
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - Shavkat I. Mamatkulov
- Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies Institute of the Uzbekistan AS, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Roland R. Netz
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Malloum A, Fifen JJ, Dhaouadi Z, Nana Engo SG, Jaidane NE. Structures and spectroscopy of protonated ammonia clusters at different temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26827-26843. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03240k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protonated ammonia clusters are all Eigen structures and the first solvation shell of the related ammonium ion core is saturated by four ammonia molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- The University of Ngaoundere
- Ngaoundere
- Cameroon
| | - Jean Jules Fifen
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- The University of Ngaoundere
- Ngaoundere
- Cameroon
| | - Zoubeida Dhaouadi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique Moléculaire et Applications
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- Université de Tunis El Manar
- Campus Universitaire
- Tunis
| | - Serge Guy Nana Engo
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- The University of Ngaoundere
- Ngaoundere
- Cameroon
| | - Nejm-Eddine Jaidane
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique Moléculaire et Applications
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- Université de Tunis El Manar
- Campus Universitaire
- Tunis
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Malloum A, Fifen JJ, Dhaouadi Z, Engo SGN, Jaidane NE. Structures and relative stabilities of ammonia clusters at different temperatures: DFT vs. ab initio. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29226-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03374h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The global minimum energy structures of (NH3)n=2–10are pointed out for the first time at a given temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Ngaoundere
- Ngaoundere 454
- Cameroon
| | - Jean Jules Fifen
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Ngaoundere
- Ngaoundere 454
- Cameroon
| | - Zoubeida Dhaouadi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique Moléculaire et Applications
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- Université de Tunis El Manar
- Tunis
- Tunisie
| | - Serge Guy Nana Engo
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Ngaoundere
- Ngaoundere 454
- Cameroon
| | - Nejm-Eddine Jaidane
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique Moléculaire et Applications
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- Université de Tunis El Manar
- Tunis
- Tunisie
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10
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Akase D, Teramae H, Aida M. A comprehensive search of topologically distinct local minimum structures of protonated water octamer and the classification of OH topological types. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Bustos DJ, Temelso B, Shields GC. Hydration of the Sulfuric Acid–Methylamine Complex and Implications for Aerosol Formation. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7430-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500015t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J. Bustos
- Dean’s Office, College
of Arts and Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Berhane Temelso
- Dean’s Office, College
of Arts and Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - George C. Shields
- Dean’s Office, College
of Arts and Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
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12
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Liu YR, Wen H, Huang T, Lin XX, Gai YB, Hu CJ, Zhang WJ, Huang W. Structural Exploration of Water, Nitrate/Water, and Oxalate/Water Clusters with Basin-Hopping Method Using a Compressed Sampling Technique. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:508-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yan-Bo Gai
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Chang-Jin Hu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushan Lake Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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