Theoretical study of the mechanism of Pd(II)-catalyzed nucleophilic addition initiated by aminopalladation

Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of the Acylate Reaction of β-Lactamase

Using density functional theory and a cluster approach, we study the reaction potential surface and compute Gibbs free energies for the acylate reaction of β-lactamase with penicillin G, where the solvent effect is important and taken into consideration. Two reaction paths are investigated: one is a multi-step process with a rate-limit energy barrier of 19.1 kcal/mol, which is relatively small, and the reaction can easily occur; the other is a one-step process with a barrier of 45.0 kcal/mol, which is large and thus makes the reaction hard to occur. The reason why the two paths have different barriers is explained.