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Ono K, Nishioka T, Obata K, Takeshita Y, Irani C, Kunisada Y, Yoshioka N, Ibaragi S, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J. Lingual nerve revisited-A comprehensive review Part II: Surgery and radiology. Clin Anat 2024. [PMID: 39121363 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
The lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, arising in the infratemporal fossa. It provides sensory fibers to the mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth, the lingual gingiva, and the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Although the LN should rarely be encountered during routine and basic oral surgical procedures in daily dental practice, its anatomical location occasionally poses the risk of iatrogenic injury. The purpose of this section is to consider this potential LN injury risk and to educate readers about the anatomy of this nerve and how to treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisho Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Takashi Nishioka
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Dental Informatics and Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Obata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yohei Takeshita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chista Irani
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yuki Kunisada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Norie Yoshioka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Although a rare sequala of soft tissue injury, salivary gland trauma may result in significant morbidity. Salivary gland injury can involve the major as well as the minor glands. Because of the proximity of adjacent vital structures, a thorough history and physical examination are mandatory during patient evaluation. Trauma to the major salivary glands may involve the parenchyma, duct, or neural injury. Treatment requires adherence to primary principles of soft tissue management. Ductal and neural injury should be repaired primarily. Sialocele and fistula are potential complications of repaired and unrepaired salivary gland injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Shupak
- Division of Maxillofacial Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 South Main Street, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
| | - Fayette C Williams
- Division of Maxillofacial Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 South Main Street, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Roderick Y Kim
- Division of Maxillofacial Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 South Main Street, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
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Liu C, Darian A, Romeus L, Cervantes S, Westmoreland T. Submandibular Gland Injury With a Ball Bearing Gunshot Wound. Cureus 2020; 12:e11268. [PMID: 33274144 PMCID: PMC7707921 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Submandibular gland injury is a rare occurrence that has been only documented in case reports. This is due to its protected location under the mandible, and only penetrating injuries to the floor of the mouth or trauma underneath the mandible can reach and damage it. While pediatric injuries due to non-powder firearms are decreasing yearly, 80.8% of the injuries were due to ball bearing (BB) guns. This case report explores the diagnosis and management of a 16-year-old girl who presented with a BB gunshot wound to the submandibular gland. The anatomy, imaging, and surgical management are detailed, and diagnosis guidelines and treatment options are analyzed and explained. This case highlights the importance of understanding the harm that non-powder firearms are capable of causing despite being perceived as toys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Liu
- Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Audric Darian
- General Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Laniel Romeus
- Radiology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Santino Cervantes
- Pediatric Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Tamarah Westmoreland
- Pediatric Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA.,Pediatric Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, USA
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Modification of Blair Approach With a Modified Endaural Component to Access the Parotid Region. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 26:1972-4. [PMID: 26192031 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to present our experience with a modification of the Blair approach to the parotid area, by means of a modified endaural component, which provides both excellent exposure and optimal functional and esthetic results, mainly over the preauricular area. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective case series study was performed. It included surgical cases of patients who were operated on the parotid region in which the mentioned approach was indicated. The information was collected from the database available at the Universidad El Bosque Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department in Bogota, Colombia from 2008 to 2013. RESULTS The sample consisted of 12 patients, with ages ranging from 23 to 56 years and a mean age of 38 years. A total of 8 patients were women and 4 patients were men. Parotid pathologies included salivary gland tumor (10 patients) and cranial base tumor (2 patients). Procedures executed were: superficial lobe and total parotidectomy resection, pharynx extended and cranial base tumor resections. CONCLUSIONS This investigation presents our experience with a modified approach to the parotid region. This approach gives an extended and safe exposure to the region with excellent cosmetic outcomes.
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