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da Silva CB, dos Santos CP, Serpe L, Sanchez JB, Ferreira LEN, de Melo NFS, Groppo FC, Fraceto LF, Volpato MC, Franz-Montan M. Polymeric Nanocapsules Loaded with Lidocaine: A Promising Formulation for Topical Dental Anesthesia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:485. [PMID: 38675445 PMCID: PMC11054800 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lidocaine is the most commonly used local anesthetic worldwide, known for its rapid onset and moderate duration of anesthesia. However, it is short-lived and does not effectively promote effective topical anesthesia in the oral cavity when used alone. Our aim was to investigate whether an approximate 50% encapsulation of lidocaine in poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (LDC-Nano) would be able to increase its permeation and analgesic efficacy and reduce cytotoxicity. In this study, we characterized LDC-Nano and conducted MTT tests with HaCaT cells to assess their in vitro cytotoxicity. Additionally, in vitro permeation assays across the pig esophageal epithelium and the anesthetic efficacy of the hind paw incision model in rats were performed. Plain lidocaine (LDC) was compared with LDC-Nano and lidocaine hydrochloride plus epinephrine (LDC-Epi). The physicochemical characteristics of LDC-Nano were satisfactory (pH: 8.1 ± 0.21; polydispersity index: 0.08 ± 0.01; mean diameter (nm): 557.8 ± 22.7; and encapsulation efficiency (%): 51.8 ± 1.87) and remained stable for up to 4 months. LDC-Nano presented similar in vitro cytotoxicity to LDC but was higher than LDC-Epi (LD50: LDC = 0.48%; LDC-Nano = 0.47%; and LDC-Epi = 0.58%; p < 0.0001). Encapsulation increased the permeability coefficient about 6.6 times and about 7.5 the steady-state flux of lidocaine across the mucosal epithelium. Both encapsulation and epinephrine improved anesthesia duration, with epinephrine demonstrating superior efficacy (100% of animals were anesthetized up to 100, 30, and 20 min when LDC-Epi, LDC-nano, and LDC were used, respectively). Although LDC-Epi demonstrated superior in vivo anesthetic efficacy, the in vitro permeation and cytotoxicity of LDC-Nano indicate promising avenues for future research, particularly in exploring its potential application as a topical anesthetic in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Batista da Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Cleiton Pita dos Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Luciano Serpe
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Jonny Burga Sanchez
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Luiz Eduardo Nunes Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP 07023-070, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba, SP 18087-180, Brazil; (N.F.S.d.M.); (L.F.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Volpato
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Michelle Franz-Montan
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
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Mesquita CM, Oliveira MB, Costa MDMDA, Vieira WA, Lima RR, Rode SDM, Paranhos LR. Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on pain perception during anesthetic puncture of dental local anesthesia: A systematic review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100322. [PMID: 38484582 PMCID: PMC10950798 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local anesthetic puncture is often related to the experience of pain. This study aimed to systematically analyze the literature on changes in pain perception during the anesthetic puncture of dental local anesthesia after Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT). MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search was performed in eight primary databases (Embase, LILACS, BBO, LIVIVO, MedLine via PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science) and three additional ones (EASY, Google Scholar, and OATD) to partially capture the "gray literature". The PICO strategy was used to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating the analgesic effect of PBMT in the anesthetic puncture site of dental local anesthesia compared to placebo or control groups, without restrictions on publication language and year. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the individual risk of bias of the eligible studies using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool version 2.0. RESULTS The electronic search found 3,485 records, of which eight met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The studies were published from 2011 to 2022. None of the included studies had a low risk of bias. PBMT groups showed no significant difference in pain scores compared to placebo and control groups of most studies. CONCLUSION Based on a low to very low certainty of evidence, PBMT seems to have no effect on pain perception during anesthetic puncture in patients undergoing dental local anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Melo Mesquita
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Millena Barroso Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Walbert Andrade Vieira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sigmar de Mello Rode
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Division of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Baumgartner L, Papageorgiou SN, van Waes H, Hamza B. Swiss paediatric dentists' preferences and experience on the use of articaine and other local/topical anaesthetics. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:49-56. [PMID: 38010573 PMCID: PMC10942887 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to explore the preference and experience of paediatric dentists based in Switzerland regarding the use of articaine and other local and topical anaesthesia. METHODS An 18-question survey was developed, piloted, and distributed to the members of the Swiss association of paediatric dentistry (n = 460). The following information were collected: most used local anaesthetic in different age groups, time needed to inject a full ampule, frequency of observed local and systemic side effects, application of topical anaesthetic prior to injection, time waited between application and the injection, and perceived effectiveness of topical anaesthetic. The dentists' responses were analysed with logistic regressions reporting odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) at 5%. RESULTS The response rate was 37% (n = 168) out of the 460 questionnaires sent, with the responders being predominantly female (67%) and 47-year-old on average. More than 80% of the dentists used articaine in all age groups. 45% of responders took longer than 60 s to inject a full ampule. Local and systemic side-effects were observed by 82% and 28% of respondents respectively, although the nature and the significance of those were not detailed due to the anonymous nature of the questionnaire. Significantly less local adverse effects were seen for older children (p = 0.04) and among dentists with more years of experience (p = 0.01). Most responders applied topical anaesthetic and half of them waited longer than 60 s before injection. CONCLUSIONS Articaine is a widely used local anaesthetic by the studied group of Swiss paediatric dentists regardless of patient's age. The use of topical anaesthetic before injection is a common practice with good perceived effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baumgartner
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H van Waes
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Bagher SM, Felemban OM, Alsabbagh GA, Aljuaid NA. The Effect of Using a Camouflaged Dental Syringe on Children's Anxiety and Behavioral Pain. Cureus 2023; 15:e50023. [PMID: 38186474 PMCID: PMC10767613 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeing a dental syringe can be terrifying, especially for young children, and hiding it during local anesthesia (LA) administration can sometimes be challenging for the pediatric dentist. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a camouflaged dental syringe on children's anxiety and behavioral pain in comparison to the traditional dental syringe during local anesthesia administration in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized clinical trial included cooperative and healthy 6- to 10-year-old children scheduled for non-urgent dental treatment that required buccal infiltration anesthesia (BIA) in the maxillary arch. The subjects were randomized into either the test or the control groups. In the test group, subjects received BIA using the camouflaged dental syringe. Subjects in the control group received the BIA using a traditional dental syringe. A single-trained dentist administered all the anesthesia. Heart rate (HR) was monitored at three different time points (before, during, and after) the BIA administration. Subjects' anxiety and behavioral pain were measured using Venham's Anxiety Rating Scale (VARS) and the Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale, respectively, by two trained and calibrated investigators. RESULTS A total of 60 subjects with a mean age of 8.3 ±1.3 years were included. The scores of the VARS in the subjects in the camouflaged group were somewhat lower than the subjects in the traditional group, but the observed difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.113). However, subjects in the camouflaged group showed significantly lower FLACC scores compared to the traditional group (P=0.034). CONCLUSION The utilization of a camouflaged dental syringe is effective in improving children's behavior during local anesthesia administration; therefore, it is recommended as an alternative to using the traditional syringe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Bagher
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Osama M Felemban
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Alkhouli M, Al-Nerabieah Z, Dashash M. A Novel Scale to Assess Parental Satisfaction of Dental Local Anesthetic Techniques in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Res Manag 2023; 2023:9973749. [PMID: 37251688 PMCID: PMC10219770 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9973749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Pain control is one of the most important aspects that can affect parental satisfaction of the dental care provided for children. Dental local anesthesia has the highest impact on pain sensation of the children. However, there is no scale in the literature to assess parental satisfaction of dental local anesthetic techniques. Objectives This study was aimed to assess the parental satisfaction with dental local anesthetic techniques for their children through designing a scale that reflects satisfaction and to study the validity and reliability of this scale. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 150 parents (102 mothers and 48 fathers). Two techniques of local anesthesia were used for each child participated in this study (inferior alveolar nerve block and computerized intraosseous anesthesia). The developed scale consisted of 20 items in a 5-point Likert scale. Half of the items were written in a negative format. Internal consistency, validity, and factor analysis were performed in this study. Independent t-test was used to compare between the two techniques of anesthesia, between boys and girls and among fathers and mothers. Results Parental satisfaction mean values were higher in the computerized intraosseous anesthesia group in comparison to inferior alveolar nerve block (P value <0.05). The T-test showed that there was no difference between boys and girls regarding parental satisfaction (P value >0.05). Furthermore, fathers show lower satisfaction in the computerized interosseous anesthesia group (P value <0.05). Excellent internal consistency of this scale was resulted as Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.985. After factor analysis, seven factor components were retained by using varimax rotation. Conclusions Findings of this study reported that the designed parental satisfaction of dental local anesthetic techniques scale (PSLAS) is a valid and reliable scale to be used. Moreover, this study showed that parental satisfaction was higher when computerized intraosseous anesthesia was used in comparison to inferior alveolar nerve block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaaz Alkhouli
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Zuhair Al-Nerabieah
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mayssoon Dashash
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Gómez-Sánchez E, Mora-Falcón IJ, Amador-Beas IA, Hernández-Gómez A, Serafín-Higuera NA, Franco-de la Torre L. Analgesic Efficacy of COX-2 Inhibitors in Periodontal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071054. [PMID: 37046983 PMCID: PMC10093797 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors versus other drugs in periodontal surgery. Two researchers searched PubMed, Google Scholar, ACM Digital, BASE, EBSCOhost, Scopus, or Web of Science for clinical trials using various combinations of words. All articles that met the selection criteria were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. For data analysis, the inverse variance and mean difference statistical method was used with Review Manager 5.3 software for Windows. According to the conclusion of each study (qualitative evaluation), only one clinical trial had results in favor of a COX-2 inhibitor when compared to placebo, one clinical study informed that a COX-2 was better that an active control, four studies showed similar analgesic efficacy to active controls, and one clinical study informed the analgesic effect of one celecoxib-caffeine combination in comparison with celecoxib alone and placebo (n = 337). The COX-2 inhibitors showed a decrease in the rescue analgesic consumption (n = 138; I2 = 15%; mean difference = −0.31; 95%CIs = −0.6 to −0.01), and lower pain intensity at four hours (n = 178; I2 = 0%; mean difference = −2.25; 95%CIs = −2.94 to −1.55; p = 0.00001) when compared to active controls after periodontal surgery. In conclusion, the data indicate that COX-2 agents produce better pain relief in comparison to placebo and other drugs after periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Clínicas, División de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves No. 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Sánchez
- División de Disciplinas Clínicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Colonia Independencia Oriente, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Itzel Joselyn Mora-Falcón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Clínicas, División de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves No. 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Iván Agustín Amador-Beas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Clínicas, División de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves No. 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Adriana Hernández-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Clínicas, División de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves No. 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Addiel Serafín-Higuera
- Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Campus Mexicali, Mexicali 21040, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Franco-de la Torre
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Clínicas, División de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves No. 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico
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Kiani F, Kostadinov K, Stefanov R, Mandova V. Dentophobia-latent Component Factor Analysis of Dental Concerns Assessment Scale. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2023.9749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dentophobia (DF) is unreasonable, irrational, excessive, and socially limiting fear of specific situations related to dental care. The condition is part of the ultimate and pathological cluster of dental anxiety.
AIM: Objectives of the present study are: (1) Identification of latent factors in the psychological manifestation of dental fear, anxiety, and phobia and (2) comparison of these factors with the degree of manifestation of the psychological construct and gender differences.
METHODS: A cross-sectional online-based survey was conducted. The primary sociological information is collected through a direct individual survey including 32 items divided into four sections. Statistical data processing includes descriptive statistics, non-parametric hypothesis tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for detection and verification of latent factors, internal validity analysis.
DISCUSSION: The presence of a latent factor conditionally describing “pain related fear” is a possible reason for the overlap of DF with other panic disorders related to medical care described in the literature. A study performed for a wider and diverse population sample would produce more credible findings from which to draw more accurate conclusions.
CONCLUSION: This study provides a better understanding of how to identify patients who are prone to, or already suffer from dental anxiety and allows dentists and health-care professionals to provide better health. The analysis of this study discovered a significant difference between latent factors from the construct encompassing the pain related fear and social fear.
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Jiang J, Yin G, Wang H, Gan G. Observational Study on the Effect of Propofol and Remifentanil Using Modified Topical Anaesthesia Method. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.877.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tan F, Xu L, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang D, Qin C, Han Y, Han J. Design of hydroxy-α-sanshool loaded nanostructured lipid carriers as a potential local anesthetic. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:743-753. [PMID: 35244508 PMCID: PMC8903781 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2039808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS), extracted from Zanthoxylum piperitum, is commonly used in oral surgery to relief pain. However, the application of HAS is limited in clinical practice due to its poor stability. This study focuses on the design of a novel nano-formulation delivery system for HAS to improve its stability and local anesthetic effect. Hydroxy-α-sanshool loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (HAS-NLCs) were prepared by melting emulsification and ultra-sonication using monostearate (GMS) and oleic acid (OA) as lipid carriers, and poloxamer-188 (F68) as a stabilizer. Besides, the formulation was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Then, the best formulation was characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE%), drug loading (DL%), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and morphology (transmission electron microscopy, TEM). The obtained HAS-NLCs were homogeneous, near spherical particles with high DL% capacity. The stability of HAS-NLCs against oxygen, light, and heat was greatly improved over 10.79 times, 3.25 times, and 2.09 times, respectively, compared to free HAS. In addition, HAS-NLCs could exhibit sustained release in 24 h following a double-phase kinetics model in vitro release study. Finally, HAS-NLCs had excellent anesthetic effect at low dose in formalin test compared with free HAS and lidocaine, which indicated HAS-NLCs were a potential local anesthesia formulation in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dahan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cuiying Qin
- Department Center for Medical Science and Technology, Nation Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Han
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Preference of Dental Practitioners toward the Use of Local and Topical Anesthetics for Pediatric Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8110978. [PMID: 34828691 PMCID: PMC8617856 DOI: 10.3390/children8110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Local anesthesia administration techniques are slightly challenging to perform and master on the basis of experience. It is always delicate to adjust to the first patient injection, especially in children. This study investigated dental practitioners’ preferences toward topical and local anesthetics for children in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was sent through google forms to the participants, including sociodemographic characteristics, as well as perceptions of local anesthesia and topical anesthesia. The details for each demographic variable were based the gender, occupation, and experience years. Descriptive statistics were carried out using SPSS (version 24.0), where a p-value of 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was considered significant. Result: A total of 274 responses were received from Saudi Arabian dental practitioners, whereby 92.3% preferred lidocaine, and, while choosing local anesthesia, most participants (57.7%) considered precise bodyweight. The majority of the participants selected 27 gauge needles for infiltrations (46.3%) and blocks (63.9%). Short needles were preferred by the majority (93.4%) of the dental practitioners for infiltration, while long needles (83.9%) were chosen for nerve blocks. Benzocaine (68.2%) was preferred by the majority of the dental practitioners for topical anesthesia, and 55.8% of them were not aware of the brand of the topical anesthesia. The majority of dental practitioners felt that topical anesthesia was effective prior to administration of local anesthesia, and 83.6% of the Arabian dental practitioners expressed that patients complained regarding the taste of topical anesthesia. There were mixed opinions observed among the genders and occupations of dental practitioners regarding anesthetics used. Conclusion: The dental practitioners’ perceptions and preferences demonstrate that the most commonly preferred type of local anesthetic was lidocaine, whereas the most preferred type of topical anesthetic was benzocaine in gel form. Moreover, the most widely used factor in deciding the dosage of local anesthesia was precise body weight among Saudi dentists. The majority of participants preferred short needles for infiltrations and long needles for nerve blocks. The 27 gauge needle was chosen by the majority of the participants for both infiltration and nerve blocks.
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