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Honma M, Terao Y. Modulation of time in Parkinson's disease: a review and perspective on cognitive rehabilitation. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1379496. [PMID: 38686125 PMCID: PMC11056500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1379496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Time cognition is an essential function of human life, and the impairment affects a variety of behavioral patterns. Neuropsychological approaches have been widely demonstrated that Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs time cognitive processing. Many researchers believe that time cognitive deficits are due to the basal ganglia, including the striatum or subthalamic nucleus, which is the pathomechanism of PD, and are considered to produce only transient recovery due to medication effects. In this perspective, we focus on a compensatory property of brain function based on the improved time cognition independent of basal ganglia recovery and an overlapping structure on the neural network based on an improved inhibitory system by time cognitive training, in patients with PD. This perspective may lead to restoring multiple functions through single function training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Du L, Xu L, Liang T, Wing YK, Ke Y, Yung WH. Progressive Pontine-Medullary Dysfunction Leads to REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Symptoms in a Chronic Model of Parkinson's Disease. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1723-1736. [PMID: 34675721 PMCID: PMC8502064 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s328365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observations reveal that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) often develops prior to alpha-synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, a causal relationship between alpha-synucleinopathy and Parkinsonian neurodegeneration has not been delineated. METHODS Rats were chronically treated with rotenone and EEG and EMG signals were recorded for analysis of sleep behavior, assisted by video recording of body movements. C-fos expression and TUNEL staining were used to assess neuronal activation and apoptosis, respectively. Chemogenetic manipulation of brain stem nuclei was conducted to ameliorate RBD symptoms in rotenone-treated rats. RESULTS Rats chronically exposed to rotenone exhibited progressive RBD features, from EEG slowing to REM sleep motor behavior and NREM muscle activities. Temporally, these phenomena correlated well with progressive alpha-synuclein aggregation and neuronal apoptosis in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) and gigantocellular ventricular reticular nucleus in the brainstem. Chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons in SLD alleviated RBD symptoms in the rotenone model. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results are consistent with a progressive degeneration in the REM sleep promoting and atonia circuit in early Parkinsonism that underlies the emergence of RBD symptoms, and demonstrate that the rotenone model is useful for further studies into RBD and its relationship to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Du
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhao Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Barone DA, Henchcliffe C. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and the link to alpha-synucleinopathies. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1551-1564. [PMID: 29883833 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) involves REM sleep without atonia in conjunction with a recurrent nocturnal dream enactment behavior, with vocalizations such as shouting and screaming, and motor behaviors such as punching and kicking. Secondary RBD is well described in association with neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and other conditions involving brainstem structures such as tumors. However, RBD alone is now considered to be a potential harbinger of later development of neurodegenerative disorders, in particular PD, MSA, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and pure autonomic failure. These conditions are linked by their underpinning pathology of alpha-synuclein protein aggregation. In RBD, it is therefore important to recognize the potential risk for later development of an alpha-synucleinopathy, and to investigate for other potential causes such as medications. Other signs and symptoms have been described in RBD, such as orthostatic hypotension, or depression. While it is important to recognize these features to improve patient management, they may ultimately provide clinical clues that will lead to risk stratification for phenoconversion. A critical need is to improve our ability to counsel patients, particularly with regard to prognosis. The ability to identify who, of those with RBD, is at high risk for later neurodegenerative disorders will be paramount, and would in addition advance our understanding of the prodromal stages of the alpha-synucleinopathies. Moreover, recognition of at-risk individuals for neurodegenerative disorders may ultimately provide a platform for the testing of possible neuroprotective agents for these neurodegenerative disorders.
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Li M, Wang L, Liu JH, Zhan SQ. Relationships between Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Clinical Assessments, Biomarkers, and Treatment. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:966-973. [PMID: 29664058 PMCID: PMC5912064 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.229886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream enactment and loss of muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep. RBD is closely related to α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Many studies have investigated the markers of imaging and neurophysiological, genetic, cognitive, autonomic function of RBD and their predictive value for neurodegenerative diseases. This report reviewed the progress of these studies and discussed their limitations and future research directions. DATA SOURCES Using the combined keywords: "RBD", "neurodegenerative disease", "Parkinson disease", and "magnetic resonance imaging", the PubMed/MEDLINE literature search was conducted up to January 1, 2018. STUDY SELECTION A total of 150 published articles were initially identified citations. Of the 150 articles, 92 articles were selected after further detailed review. This study referred to all the important English literature in full. RESULTS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SCARB2 (rs6812193) and MAPT (rs12185268) were significantly associated with RBD. The olfactory loss, autonomic dysfunction, marked electroencephalogram slowing during both wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep, and cognitive impairments were potential predictive markers for RBD conversion to neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional structural imaging studies reported relatively inconsistent results, whereas reduced functional connectivity between the left putamen and substantia nigra and dopamine transporter uptake demonstrated by functional imaging techniques were relatively consistent findings. CONCLUSIONS More longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate the predictive value of biomarkers of RBD. Moreover, because the glucose and dopamine metabolisms are not specific for assessing cognitive cognition, the molecular metabolism directly related to cognition should be investigated. There is a need for more treatment trials to determine the effectiveness of interventions of RBD on preventing the conversion to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shu-Qin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Kim JY, Lee JS, Hwang HS, Lee DR, Park CY, Jung SJ, You YR, Kim DS, Kim DW. Wnt signal activation induces midbrain specification through direct binding of the beta-catenin/TCF4 complex to the EN1 promoter in human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-13. [PMID: 29650976 PMCID: PMC5938028 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signal pathway plays a pivotal role in anteroposterior patterning and midbrain specification during early neurogenesis. Activating Wnt signal has been a strategy for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons; however, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of how the Wnt signal drives posterior fate remained unclear. In this study, we found that activating the canonical Wnt signal significantly upregulated the expression of EN1, a midbrain-specific marker, in a fibroblast growth factor signal-dependent manner in human PSC-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs). The EN1 promoter region contains a putative TCF4-binding site that directly interacts with the β-catenin/TCF complex upon Wnt signal activation. Once differentiated, NPCs treated with a Wnt signal agonist gave rise to functional midbrain neurons including glutamatergic, GABAergic, and DA neurons. Our results provide a potential molecular mechanism that underlies midbrain specification of human PSC-derived NPCs by Wnt activation, as well as a differentiation paradigm for generating human midbrain neurons that may serve as a cellular platform for studying the ontogenesis of midbrain neurons and neurological diseases relevant to the midbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Souk Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Dongjin R Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Chul-Yong Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Young Rang You
- Department of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS program for Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS program for Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Honma M, Masaoka Y, Kuroda T, Futamura A, Shiromaru A, Izumizaki M, Kawamura M. Impairment of cross-modality of vision and olfaction in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2018; 90:e977-e984. [PMID: 29438044 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether Parkinson disease (PD) affects cross-modal function of vision and olfaction because it is known that PD impairs various cognitive functions, including olfaction. METHODS We conducted behavioral experiments to identify the influence of PD on cross-modal function by contrasting patient performance with age-matched normal controls (NCs). We showed visual effects on the strength and preference of odor by manipulating semantic connections between picture/odorant pairs. In addition, we used brain imaging to identify the role of striatal presynaptic dopamine transporter (DaT) deficits. RESULTS We found that odor evaluation in participants with PD was unaffected by visual information, while NCs overestimated smell when sniffing odorless liquid while viewing pleasant/unpleasant visual cues. Furthermore, DaT deficit in striatum, for the posterior putamen in particular, correlated to few visual effects in participants with PD. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PD impairs cross-modal function of vision/olfaction as a result of posterior putamen deficit. This cross-modal dysfunction may serve as the basis of a novel precursor assessment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Honma
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.H., T.K., A.F., A.S., M.K.) and Physiology (Y.M., M.I.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuri Masaoka
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.H., T.K., A.F., A.S., M.K.) and Physiology (Y.M., M.I.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroda
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.H., T.K., A.F., A.S., M.K.) and Physiology (Y.M., M.I.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Futamura
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.H., T.K., A.F., A.S., M.K.) and Physiology (Y.M., M.I.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Shiromaru
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.H., T.K., A.F., A.S., M.K.) and Physiology (Y.M., M.I.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Izumizaki
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.H., T.K., A.F., A.S., M.K.) and Physiology (Y.M., M.I.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kawamura
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.H., T.K., A.F., A.S., M.K.) and Physiology (Y.M., M.I.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Chong SYC, Xin L, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Disorders of sleep and circadian rhythms. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 148:531-538. [PMID: 29478598 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is fundamental to the survival of humans. However, knowledge regarding the role of sleep and its regulation is poorly understood. Genetics in flies, mice, and humans has led to a detailed understanding of some aspects of circadian regulation. Sleep homeostasis (the effect of increasing periods of wakefulness on our sleep propensity) is largely not understood. Sleep homeostasis is distinct from, but also linked to, the circadian clock. It is only in the last two decades that our understanding of some sleep disorders has been revealed. These breakthroughs were mostly fueled by intensive investigation using genetic tools. Although modern human genetics has revolutionized scientific research of neurologic disorders beginning ~35 years ago, studies of sleep and sleep disorders have lagged behind those of many neurologic diseases. This is due to the complexity in phenotyping behaviors like sleep and the fact that sleep is strongly influenced by environmental and other factors. We have long been aware that the amount of sleep required by individuals is normally distributed in the general population with small proportions of people being natural short or natural long sleepers. However, it has been less than a decade since Mendelian families of natural short sleepers have been recognized. Recent work has made significant advances and mechanistic insights of several sleep disorders as well as familial natural short sleepers by using ever-improving human genetic and cellular molecular tools. Given recent advances into genetic and biologic understanding of sleep, the hope of understanding this indispensable process is closer. Ultimately, our growing understanding will lead to more effective treatments of human sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Christin Chong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lijuan Xin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Johnson BP, Westlake KP. Link Between Parkinson Disease and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder With Dream Enactment: Possible Implications for Early Rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 99:411-415. [PMID: 28890381 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.08.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is 2-fold: first, to inform readers of the link between the loss of motor inhibition during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreaming, diagnosed as REM sleep behavior disorder, and the future onset of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies; it has been reported that motor disinhibition during REM sleep often precedes the onset of these disorders by years or even decades; second, to consider that the identification of REM sleep behavior disorder and the early involvement of rehabilitation and/or development of home exercise plans may aid in prolonging and even increasing function, independence, and quality of life, should such neurodegenerative disorders develop later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Johnson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kelly P Westlake
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
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Zhang J, Xu CY, Liu J. Meta-analysis on the prevalence of REM sleep behavior disorder symptoms in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:23. [PMID: 28160778 PMCID: PMC5292147 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our study was aimed to evaluate the risk of a selected non-motor symptom, namely rapid eye movement behavior disorder (RBD) symptoms, among patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease compared with health controls. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for meta-analysis and Cochrane manual were followed. Studies on RBD symptoms and PD were searched using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases. All studies were published before August 3rd, 2016. Eligible studies were those that reported a prevalence of RBD symptoms among newly diagnosed PD and health control. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by random-effected models. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Cochran Q and I2 statistics. Results We identified eight studies including 2462 PD patients and 3818 health controls. The overall prevalence of RBD symptoms in PD was 582/2462 (23.6%) compared to 131/3818 (3.4%) in control. And the pooled OR was 5.69 (95% CI 3.60 to 9.00; p = 0.001) with a moderate heterogeneity I2 = 70.5%. After excluding the study of low weight, the overall polled OR was 3.54 (95% CI 2.77 to 4.52; p < 0.00001) and the heterogeneity was completely eliminated (I2 = 0%). Conclusions RBD symptoms are common non-motor symptoms of PD, and people with PD are at a higher risk of developing RBD. Further studies are needed to understand the natural history of RBD symptoms in PD and its etiological and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Ying Xu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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C9orf 72 Repeat Expansions in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder. Can J Neurol Sci 2014; 41:681-2. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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