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Chen T, Fan X, He J, Fan J, Chen W. When "I" or "S/He" uses the product: the impact of narrative perspective on consumers' brand attitudes in storytelling ads. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1338249. [PMID: 39070590 PMCID: PMC11273088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1338249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Storytelling ad is presented from one or more narrative perspectives. Narrative perspective, which can alter the way in which the plot is physiologically or psychologically perceived, can significantly affect consumer experience. Methods This study conducts three experiments with 526 participants to analyze the influencing mechanism of narrative perspective (first- versus third-person) on consumers' brand attitudes in storytelling ads of products with different involvement (high versus low). Results (a) Narrative perspective (first- versus third-person) exerts persuasive effects on consumer brand attitudes; (b) Processes of social presence and self-brand connection explain the effects of narrative perspective on brand attitudes; (c) When product involvement is high, the use of the first-person narrative perspective in storytelling ads will result in a more positive brand attitude than the use of third-person narrative will; With lower product involvement, there is no significant difference in the impact on brand attitudes regardless of narrative perspective (first-person versus third-person). Discussion This research finds that different narrative perspectives significantly impact the persuasiveness of advertising. Boundary conditions exist for the effect of narrative persuasion, and product involvement moderates the effect of narrative perspective on brand attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Business & Tourism Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinqiao Fan
- Business & Tourism Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu He
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Business & Tourism Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Nasarudin A, Moeck EK, Koval P. Re-appraising stressors from a distance: effects of linguistic distancing on cognitive appraisals and emotional responses to interpersonal conflict. Cogn Emot 2023; 37:1281-1289. [PMID: 37743734 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2258570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Reflecting on stressors from a detached perspective - a strategy known as distancing - can facilitate emotional recovery. Researchers have theorised that distancing works by enabling reappraisals of negative events, yet few studies have investigated specifically how distancing impacts stressor appraisals. In this experiment, we investigated how participants' (N = 355) emotional experience and appraisals of an interpersonal conflict differed depending on whether they wrote event-reflections from a linguistically immersed (first-person) or distanced (second/third-person) perspective. Partly replicating previous findings, distanced reflection predicted increases in positive affect, but not reductions in negative affect, relative to immersed reflection. Linguistic distancing also predicted increases in motivational congruence appraisals (i.e. perceived advantageousness of the event), but did not influence other appraisal dimensions. We discuss how linguistic distancing may facilitate emotional recovery by illuminating the benefits of stressful experiences, enabling people to "see the good in the bad".
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Nasarudin
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ella K Moeck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter Koval
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Guo L. Reflect on emotional events from an observer's perspective: a meta-analysis of experimental studies. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:1531-1554. [PMID: 36256910 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2134094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Self-distancing has been proposed as an emotion regulation strategy to reduce the duration and intensity of emotions. This meta-analysis synthesised 48 studies and 102 effect sizes examining the effects of self-distancing on emotion regulation. The results showed an overall significant, small effect of self-distancing in attenuating emotional responses (Hedges' g = -0.26, 95%CI: [-0.36, -0.15]). Moderator analyses highlighted the efficacy of one intervention feature: approach. Stronger effect was associated with the visual and verbal approach to process emotional events, in comparison to the visual only approach and the pronouns approach. The effectiveness of self-distancing was consistent across other intervention features (context, stimuli, time, emotional outcome) and individual characteristics (emotional vulnerability, age, culture). These findings suggest that self-distancing is effective in emotion regulation when people externalise and articulate thoughts through writing and talking. Practical implications were discussed in relation to the design of interventions to enhance emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Languages, Literatures and Linguistics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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4
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Murdoch EM, Chapman MT, Crane M, Gucciardi DF. The effectiveness of self-distanced versus self-immersed reflections among adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies. Stress Health 2022; 39:255-271. [PMID: 36166459 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stressor events can be highly emotional and disruptive to our functioning, yet they also present opportunities for learning and growth via self-reflections. Self-distanced reflections in which one reasons about target events in ways that maximise their removal of the current self from the experiential reality are said to facilitate this reflective process. We tested the expectation that self-distanced reflections offer an advantage over self-immersed vistas via a pre-registered systematic review of seven electronic databases (Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus, Embase, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) to identify experimental tests with adults aged 18-65 years where the focus of the reflection was a stressor or adverse event that participants had already experienced. A three-level, random effects meta-analysis of 25 experiments (N = 2,397, 68 effects) revealed a small-to-moderate advantage of self-distanced reflections (g = 0.19, SE = 0.07, 95% CI [0.05, 0.33]) and were most effective when they targeted a stressor experience that emphasised one's emotional state or lifetime. Nevertheless, our assessment of the overall quality of evidence including risk of bias suggested uncertainty regarding the benefit of this pragmatic self-regulatory tactic and therefore the need for future high-powered, high-quality experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Murdoch
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Western Australian Institute of Sport, Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael T Chapman
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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5
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Küçüktaş S, St Jacques PL. How shifting visual perspective during autobiographical memory retrieval influences emotion: A change in retrieval orientation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:928583. [PMID: 36226260 PMCID: PMC9549757 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.928583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual perspective during autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval influences how people remember the emotional aspects of memories. Prior research in emotion regulation has also shown that shifting from an own eyes to an observer-like perspective is an efficient way of regulating the affect elicited by emotional AMs. However, the impact of shifting visual perspective is also dependent on the nature of the emotion associated with the event. The current review synthesizes behavioral and functional neuroimaging findings from the event memory and emotion regulation literature that examine how adopting particular visual perspectives and actively shifting across them during retrieval alters emotional experience, by primarily focusing on emotional intensity. We review current theories explaining why shifts in perspectives may or may not change the emotional characteristics of memories, then propose a new theory, suggesting that the own eyes and observer-like perspectives are two different retrieval orientations supported by differential neural activations that lead episodic details to be reconstructed in specific ways.
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Moran T, Eyal T. Emotion Regulation by Psychological Distance and Level of Abstraction: Two Meta-Analyses. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022; 26:112-159. [PMID: 35100904 DOI: 10.1177/10888683211069025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-reflection is suggested to attenuate feelings, yet researchers disagree on whether adopting a distant or near perspective, or processing the experience abstractly or concretely, is more effective. Given the relationship between psychological distance and level of abstraction, we suggest the "construal-matching hypothesis": Psychological distance and abstraction differently influence emotion intensity, depending on whether the emotion's appraisal involves low-level or high-level construal. Two meta-analyses tested the effects of psychological distance (k = 230) and level-of-abstraction (k = 98) manipulations on emotional experience. A distant perspective attenuated emotional experience (g = 0.52) but with weaker effects for high-level (g = 0.29; for example, self-conscious emotions) than low-level emotions (g= 0.64; for example, basic emotions). Level of abstraction only attenuated the experience of low-level emotions (g = 0.2) and showed a reverse (nonsignificant) effect for high-level emotions (g = -0.13). These results highlight differences between distancing and level-of-abstraction manipulations and the importance of considering the type of emotion experienced in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Moran
- The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel.,Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tal Eyal
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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7
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Bergouignan L, Nyberg L, Ehrsson HH. Out-of-body memory encoding causes third-person perspective at recall. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.1958823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - H. Henrik Ehrsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Jansson B, Dylman AS. Reduced vividness of emotional memories following reactivation in a second language. Cogn Emot 2021; 35:1222-1230. [PMID: 34105436 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1937948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of second language use on the experienced vividness and emotionality of negative autobiographical memories. Fifty native Swedish speakers with English as their second language were asked to recall a negative episodic memory from their past in their native language. Half the participants were then asked to reactivate the same memory in their first language while the other half were asked to reactivate it in their second language, and then rate their experienced vividness and emotionality a second time. Following this reactivation, experienced emotionality was reduced for both groups of participants, with a similar magnitude of reduction for both groups. Experienced vividness, however, was only reduced for the group who reactivated the memory in their second language. No difference in intrusion frequency was found between the groups at a one-week follow-up. The results provide increased insight into how a second language can affect the experienced emotionality and vividness of a negative autobiographical memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Jansson
- Department of Psychology and Social Science, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Alexandra S Dylman
- Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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9
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Janssen SMJ, Anne M, Parker DJ. Recollective experience mediates the relation between visual perspective and psychological closeness in autobiographical memory. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.1936537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve M. J. Janssen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michele Anne
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Denise J. Parker
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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10
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Kinley I, Porteous M, Levy Y, Becker S. Visual perspective as a two-dimensional construct in episodic future thought. Conscious Cogn 2021; 93:103148. [PMID: 34052641 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Visual perspective (first-person vs. third-person) is a salient characteristic of memory and mental imagery with important cognitive and behavioural consequences. Most work on visual perspective treats it as a unidimensional construct. However, third-person perspective can have opposite effects on emotion and motivation, sometimes intensifying these and other times acting as a distancing mechanism, as in PTSD. For this reason among others, we propose that visual perspective in memory and mental imagery is best understood as varying along two dimensions: first, the degree to which first-person perspective predominates in the episodic imagery, and second, the degree to which the self is visually salient from a third-person perspective. We show that, in episodic future thinking, these are anticorrelated but non-redundant. These results further our basic understanding of the potent but divergent effects visual perspective has on emotion and motivation, both in everyday life and in psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kinley
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Morgan Porteous
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Yarden Levy
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Suzanna Becker
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada.
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11
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Warne N, Rice F. Links between depressive symptoms and the observer perspective for autobiographical memories and imagined events: a high familial risk study. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.1922418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Warne
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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12
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Coffee cues elevate arousal and reduce level of construal. Conscious Cogn 2019; 70:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Martínez-Hernández N, Ricarte J. Self-defining memories related to alcohol dependence and their integration in the construction of the self in a sample of abstinent alcoholics. Memory 2018; 27:137-146. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1493128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Ricarte
- Psychology Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, School of Medicine, Albacete, Spain
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