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Sanjanwala D, Londhe V, Trivedi R, Bonde S, Sawarkar S, Kale V, Patravale V. Polysaccharide-based hydrogels for medical devices, implants and tissue engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128488. [PMID: 38043653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are highly biocompatible biomaterials composed of crosslinked three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers. Owing to their natural origin, polysaccharide-based hydrogels (PBHs) possess low toxicity, high biocompatibility and demonstrate in vivo biodegradability, making them great candidates for use in various biomedical devices, implants, and tissue engineering. In addition, many polysaccharides also show additional biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory, which can provide additional therapeutic benefits. The porous nature of PBHs allows for the immobilization of antibodies, aptamers, enzymes and other molecules on their surface, or within their matrix, potentiating their use in biosensor devices. Specific polysaccharides can be used to produce transparent hydrogels, which have been used widely to fabricate ocular implants. The ability of PBHs to encapsulate drugs and other actives has been utilized for making neural implants and coatings for cardiovascular devices (stents, pacemakers and venous catheters) and urinary catheters. Their high water-absorption capacity has been exploited to make superabsorbent diapers and sanitary napkins. The barrier property and mechanical strength of PBHs has been used to develop gels and films as anti-adhesive formulations for the prevention of post-operative adhesion. Finally, by virtue of their ability to mimic various body tissues, they have been explored as scaffolds and bio-inks for tissue engineering of a wide variety of organs. These applications have been described in detail, in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Sanjanwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Vaishali Londhe
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai College of Pharmacy and Technology Management, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Trivedi
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smita Bonde
- SVKM's NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur Campus, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinita Kale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gurunanak College of Pharmacy, Kamptee Road, Nagpur 440026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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Solhi L, Sun HS, Daswani SH, Shojania S, Springate CMK, Brumer H. Controlled sulfation of mixed-linkage glucan by Response Surface Methodology for the development of biologically applicable polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118275. [PMID: 34294307 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous sulfated polysaccharides exhibit potent biological activities, including inhibiting blood coagulation and protein interactions. Controlled chemical sulfation of alternative polysaccharides holds promise to overcome limited availability and heterogeneity of naturally sulfated polysaccharides. Here, we established reaction parameters for the controlled sulfation of the abundant cereal polysaccharide, mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucan (MLG), using Box-Behnken Design of Experiments (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimization of the degree-of-substitution (DS) was externally validated through the production of sulfated MLGs (S-MLGs) with observed DS and Mw values deviating less than 20% and 30% from the targeted values, respectively. Simultaneous optimization of DS and Mw resulted in the same range of deviation from the targeted value. S-MLGs with DS > 1 demonstrated a modest anticoagulation effect versus heparin, and a greater P-selectin affinity than fucoidan. As such, this work provides a route to medically important polymers from an economical agricultural polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Solhi
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - He Song Sun
- ARC Medical Devices, 8-3071 No. 5 Road, Richmond, BC V6X 2T4, Canada
| | | | - Shaheen Shojania
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Comparative Study of Electrospun Scaffolds Containing Native GAGs and a GAG Mimetic for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:2040-2052. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zeng K, Groth T, Zhang K. Recent Advances in Artificially Sulfated Polysaccharides for Applications in Cell Growth and Differentiation, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Engineering. Chembiochem 2018; 20:737-746. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zeng
- Wood Technology and Wood ChemistryGeorg-August-University of Goettingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials GroupMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Wood Technology and Wood ChemistryGeorg-August-University of Goettingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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Wu QX, Guan YX, Yao SJ. Sodium cellulose sulfate: A promising biomaterial used for microcarriers’ designing. Front Chem Sci Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Muhitdinov B, Heinze T, Normakhamatov N, Turaev A. Preparation of sodium cellulose sulfate oligomers by free-radical depolymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:631-637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang Q, Lin D, Yao S. Review on biomedical and bioengineering applications of cellulose sulfate. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:311-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Segarra TJ, Fakioglu E, Cheshenko N, Wilson SS, Mesquita PMM, Doncel GF, Herold BC. Bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical microbicide trials: blind evaluation of candidate gels in murine models of efficacy and safety. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27675. [PMID: 22096611 PMCID: PMC3214080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant protection in preclinical studies, cellulose sulfate (CS) failed to protect women against HIV-1/2 and was associated with a trend toward increased HIV-1 acquisition in one of the clinical trials. These results highlight the need for preclinical tests more predictive of clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to test coded vaginal gels, including CS, in murine models of safety and efficacy to determine the models' utility for evaluating future products. Methods Four coded formulations, including 6% CS, 2% PRO 2000 and two placebo gels, were administered intravaginally to medroxyprogesterone-treated mice and their ability to prevent genital herpes (efficacy) or to alter the susceptibility to low dose HSV challenge (safety) was determined. Nonoyxnol-9 served as a positive toxicity control. Results CS and PRO 2000 significantly protected mice from genital herpes following infection with a laboratory or clinical isolate of HSV-2 introduced in buffer (p<0.001). However, protection was reduced when virus was introduced in seminal plasma. Moreover, mice were significantly more susceptible to infection with low doses of HSV-2 when challenged 12 h after the 7th daily dose of CS or nonoxynol-9 (p<0.05). The increased susceptibility was associated with alterations in epithelial architecture. Conclusions CS prevented genital herpes when present at the time of viral challenge, but increased the rate of infection when gel was applied daily for 7 days with a vaginal wash prior to viral inoculation. The findings presumably reflect altered epithelial architecture, which may have contributed to the trend towards increased HIV observed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J. Segarra
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Esra Fakioglu
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Natalia Cheshenko
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah S. Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Pedro M. M. Mesquita
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Gustavo F. Doncel
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Betsy C. Herold
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Batár I. State-of-the-art of non-hormonal methods of contraception: II. Chemical barrier contraceptives. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2010; 15:89-95. [DOI: 10.3109/13625180903462326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Anderson RA, Aroutcheva A, Feathergill KA, Anderson AB. Differential Sensitivity of Lactobacillus spp. to Inhibition by Candidate Topical Microbicides. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2009; 1:24-35. [PMID: 26783129 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-009-9007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical evaluation of vaginal microbicides includes screening against lactobacilli. However, there is no consensus regarding the species to be tested. This study was carried out to determine if results with one species would apply to other species, and to evaluate the utility of turbidometry as a screening tool. One current (PPCM; previously designated sulfuric acid-modified mandelic acid, SAMMA) and two former (cellulose sulfate, CS; and polystyrene sulfonate, PSS) candidate microbicides were evaluated. Bacterial growth was measured turbidometrically and by direct cell count. No microbicide affected Lact. gasseri, measured by either method. Apparent inhibition of Lact. jensenii by CS, PSS, and PPCM, and of Lact. crispatus by CS, occurred with turbidometric measurement. This was not substantiated with direct cell count. PSS and PPCM inhibited Lact. crispatus and Lact. acidophilus with both methods. These findings agree with results from vaginal isolates, which included Lact. gasseri, jensenii, acidophillus, crispatus, rhamnosis, casei, and paracasei. We conclude that sensitivities of similar lactobacilli to at least three microbicides are different. A single species is inadequate for screening vaginal products. Turbidometric evaluation is a sensitive, but not specific, screening method. We recommend that this method be used to screen candidate microbicides against several species of prevalent Lactobacillus species as an initial measure of microbicide safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Anderson
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, The TOPCAD Program, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Alla Aroutcheva
- Department of Medicine, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kenneth A Feathergill
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Amillia B Anderson
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Rohan LC, Sassi AB. Vaginal drug delivery systems for HIV prevention. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:78-87. [PMID: 19194802 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbicides have become a principal focus for HIV prevention strategies. The successful design of drug delivery systems for vaginal microbicide drug candidates brings with it a multitude of challenges. It is imperative that the chemical and physical characteristics of the drug candidate and its mechanism of action be clearly understood and considered to successfully deliver and target drug candidates efficiently. In addition, an understanding of the dynamic nature of the vaginal environment, the tissue and innate barriers present, as well as patient preferences are critical considerations in the design of effective microbicide products. Although the majority of drug candidates clinically evaluated to date have been delivered using conventional semisolid aqueous-based gel dosage forms, drug delivery system design has recently been extended to include advanced delivery systems such as vaginal rings, quick-dissolve films, and tablets. Ultimately, it may be necessary to develop multiple dosage platforms for a single active agent to provide users with options that can be used within the constraints of their social environment, personal choice, and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cencia Rohan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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van der Straten A, Napierala S, Cheng H, Mauck C, Depineres T, Dhlakama P, Thompson M, Chipato T, Hammond N, Padian N. A randomized controlled safety trial of the diaphragm and cellulose sulfate microbicide gel in sexually active women in Zimbabwe. Contraception 2007; 76:389-99. [PMID: 17963865 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulose sulfate (CS) is an antimicrobial and contraceptive agent. We assessed its safety when used alone or with the diaphragm in Harare, Zimbabwe. STUDY DESIGN This was a randomized controlled safety trial with three arms: diaphragm with 6% CS gel vs. diaphragm with KY gel vs. CS gel alone. Participants were instructed to use their study products before every sex act for a period of 6 months. Safety end points were assessed monthly by questionnaires and urinanalysis and bimonthly by clinical examinations, colposcopy, wet mounts and gram stains. RESULTS One hundred nineteen monogamous women were enrolled (28% HIV+) and 105 (88%) completed the study. No urinary tract infections were diagnosed during the study; 81.4% women had symptoms and/or signs of genital irritation considered at least possibly related to the gel or device, and 41.5% had changes in vaginal flora. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups in safety end points. All six women with deep epithelial disruption were diaphragm users, and all such findings were on the external genitalia. Of those, 4 had herpetic ulcers which were unrelated to products use. CONCLUSIONS Cellulose sulfate appeared safe when used for 6 months alone or with a diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane van der Straten
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of California San Francisco, Women's Global Health Imperative, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA.
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Abstract
The researchers who conducted the cellulose sulphate microbicide trial share the lessons they learned from the trial's early closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Ramjee
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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Abstract
Uncontrolled fertility results in significant infant and maternal mortality and morbidity. Contraception has the potential to reduce this disease burden. Although a rich array of reversible contraceptive methods exists, the need for more effective and user-friendly methods remains. Access to methods and affordability are major barriers in many parts of the world. However, in other areas, successful utilization is limited by convenience factors or a lack of appreciation of fertility risk. To address these issues, new products that require little user effort have been developed. To encourage correct and consistent use of other methods, noncontraceptive benefits are being popularized and new protocols to initiate contraceptive use immediately are being introduced. This review briefly discusses existing contraceptive methods and new developments that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita L Nelson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90266-6335, USA.
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McGowan I. Microbicides: a new frontier in HIV prevention. Biologicals 2006; 34:241-55. [PMID: 17097303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV-1. Despite more than two decades of HIV-1 vaccine research, there is still no efficacious HIV-1 vaccine, and the scientific community appears skeptical about the short or long-term feasibility of developing a vaccine that has the ability to induce sterilizing immunity against HIV-1. In this setting, microbicide research has gathered momentum. Currently, 16 candidate microbicides are in clinical development and five products are being evaluated in large-scale Phase 2B/3 effectiveness studies. Initial data from these trials will be available within the next 2-3 years, and it is feasible that there could be one or more licensed microbicides by the end of the decade. The first generation of surfactant microbicides had a non-specific mechanism of action. However, subsequent candidate microbicides have been developed to target specific steps in the process of viral transmission. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of microbicide development and an update on the candidate pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian McGowan
- Center for Prevention Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, 10940 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1250, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
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Schwartz JL, Mauck C, Lai JJ, Creinin MD, Brache V, Ballagh SA, Weiner DH, Hillier SL, Fichorova RN, Callahan M. Fourteen-day safety and acceptability study of 6% cellulose sulfate gel: a randomized double-blind Phase I safety study. Contraception 2006; 74:133-40. [PMID: 16860051 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical microbicides against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 that are nonirritating to the female genital epithelium are urgently needed to slow the heterosexual spread of HIV infection. Products that are also effective contraceptives provide additional benefits. Cellulose sulfate (CS) is a noncytotoxic antifertility agent that exhibits in vitro antimicrobial activity against sexually transmitted pathogens, including HIV. METHODS We performed a multicenter, Phase I, placebo-controlled, randomized study to evaluate the genital toxicity of CS. Two cohorts of healthy women used 3.5 ml of 6% CS gel or 3.5 ml of K-Y Jelly, vaginally, bid, for 14 days. The first cohort was sexually abstinent, and the second cohort was sexually active. RESULTS CS was associated with only a slightly higher odds ratio (OR) of symptoms of minor urogenital irritation compared to the inactive lubricant K-Y Jelly (OR=2.02, 95% confidence interval=0.90-4.53). In addition, there were minor shifts in some genital flora, but there was no evidence of greater inflammation as evidenced by few colposcopic findings, decreased influx of polymorphonuclear cells and minimal changes in proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, both products appeared acceptable to most women. Product leakage was identified as more of a problem in sexually abstinent women, but less so in women using the product for sexual intercourse, as would be the case in actual practice. CONCLUSION CS was safe for twice-daily use for 14 days. CS is appropriate for future studies in effectiveness trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Schwartz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA 22209, USA.
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The Future Role of Vaccines and Microbicides. Sex Transm Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-040-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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