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Nascimento BC, Ferreira CS, Oliveira SP, Pereira LAAC, Lopes GA, Nogueira JM, Paula RS, Jorge EC, Campos-Junior PHA. Naproxen administration affects murine late folliculogenesis, reduces granulosa cell proliferation and the number of ovulated oocytes. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108527. [PMID: 38160782 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Naproxen reduces the production of prostaglandins via inhibition of the cyclooxygenase. Studies have shown that its administration in women can be related to failed ovulation. Therefore, preclinical investigations must be performed in order to investigate its effects in experimental models. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of naproxen on murine folliculogenesis, ovulation, and female fertility. Female C57BL/6 mice (n = 128 - 6 weeks old) were divided into Control, low (10 mg/kg), and high naproxen (50 mg/kg) groups, who were treated for 8 days and directed to morphofunctional analyses. Follicular quantification showed a reduced percentage of antral follicles in naproxen-treated animals. These treated animals also showed smaller oocytes included in secondary and antral follicles, and the diameter of secondary and antral follicles was also reduced. A reduction in the percentage of Ki67-positive granulosa cells was observed in treated animals that also showed down-regulation of Igf1r compared to control. After an ovarian stimulation protocol, naproxen-treated animals showed a reduction in the percentage of secondary and antral follicles, a reduced number of ovulated oocytes and, corpora lutea, and an increased number of failed ovulations. Finally, naproxen-treated animals also showed a reduction in mating index and pregnancy rate. Our findings suggested that, in mice, naproxen administration (eight days treatment) negatively affects molecular and morphological aspects related to late folliculogenesis, ovulation, and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Camara Nascimento
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del Rei, São João Del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Stefane Ferreira
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del Rei, São João Del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Stella Pollyanne Oliveira
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del Rei, São João Del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Antonio Lopes
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del Rei, São João Del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Júlia Meireles Nogueira
- Departament of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rayan Silva Paula
- Departament of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Erika Cristina Jorge
- Departament of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Almeida Campos-Junior
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del Rei, São João Del-Rei, MG, Brazil.
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Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2023; 402:851-858. [PMID: 37597523 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levonorgestrel, a standard drug for emergency contraception (EC), is not effective if administered post-ovulation. A cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor could contribute synergistic effects. We investigated whether a single 40 mg oral dose of piroxicam as co-treatment with levonorgestrel improved emergency contraceptive efficacy. METHODS This was a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial carried out in a major community sexual and reproductive health service in Hong Kong. Women who required levonorgestrel EC within 72 h of unprotected sexual intercourse were recruited and block-randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single supervised dose of levonorgestrel 1·5 mg plus either piroxicam 40 mg or placebo orally. Group assignment was concealed in opaque envelopes and masked to the women, clinicians, and investigators. At follow-up 1-2 weeks after the next expected period, the pregnancy status was noted by history or pregnancy test. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of pregnancies prevented out of those expected based on an established model. All women randomised to receive the study drug and who completed the follow-up were analysed. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03614494. FINDINGS 860 women (430 in each group) were recruited between Aug 20, 2018, and Aug 30, 2022. One (0·2%) of 418 efficacy-eligible women in the piroxicam group were pregnant, compared with seven (1·7%) of 418 in the placebo group (odds ratio 0·20 [95% CI 0·02-0·91]; p=0·036). Levonorgestrel plus piroxicam prevented 94·7% of expected pregnancies compared with 63·4% for levonorgestrel plus placebo. We noted no significant difference between the two groups in the proportion of women with advancement or delay of their next period, or in the adverse event profile. INTERPRETATION Oral piroxicam 40 mg co-administered with levonorgestrel improved efficacy of EC in our study. Piroxicam co-administration could be considered clinically where levonorgestrel EC is the option of choice. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Hang Wun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Sue Seen Tsing Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carol Ho Yi Fong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pak Chung Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ernest Hung Yu Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Mikail M, Azizan TRPT, Noor MHM, Hassim HA, Che'Amat A, Latip MQA. Long-Tailed Macaque ( Macaca fascicularis) Contraception Methods: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:848. [PMID: 37372133 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The contraception-based approach to wildlife management is a humane and effective alternative to population control methods. Wildlife management only has a few conventional ways to control overpopulation, such as culling, translocation, poisoning, and allowing natural death. Nevertheless, these methods usually have short-term, lethal, and unethical effects. The present systematic review aims to review the knowledge on contraception reported in long-tailed macaques as an alternative to population control. We obtained 719 records from searching CABI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus electronic databases. After the screening and selection process, according to PRISMA guidelines, 19 articles that met the eligibility criteria were chosen. Of the 19 articles, 15 were studies on female long-tailed macaque contraception methods (six (6) hormonal and nine (9) non-hormonal). We analyzed four (4) selected articles on male Cynomolgus monkey contraception methods (two (2) hormonal and two (2) non-hormonal). One of the nine (9) articles on female long-tailed macaque contraception reports negative results. Furthermore, only two (2) studies used free-ranging long-tailed macaques as test subjects, while seventeen (17) tested on captive ones. The challenges of long-tailed macaque contraception identified in this review were the effectiveness of the contraceptive, the administration route, the economic feasibility, the distinction between captive and free-ranging Cynomolgus macaques, the choice of permanent or reversible contraception, the capability of contraceptive use for population control, and the lack of studies on the free-ranging long-tailed macaque. Notwithstanding the literature gap on long-tailed macaque contraception for population control, long-tailed macaque contraception exhibits potential as an alternative method to culling long-tailed macaque. Future research should address these obstacles to support the long-tailed macaque contraception as an alternative population control method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mikail
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Wildlife Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Wildlife Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hasliza Abu Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Che'Amat
- Wildlife Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Qayyum Ab Latip
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Wildlife Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Yerushalmi GM, Shuraki B, Yung Y, Maman E, Baum M, Hennebold JD, Adashi EY, Hourvitz A. ABCC4 is a PGE2 efflux transporter in the ovarian follicle: A mediator of ovulation and a potential non-hormonal contraceptive target. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22858. [PMID: 36943419 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101931rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of prostaglandins (PGs) in the ovulatory process is known. However, the role of the ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 (ABCC4), transmembrane PG carrier protein, in ovulation remains unknown. We report herein that ABCC4 expression is significantly upregulated in preovulatory human granulosa cells (GCs). We found that PGE2 efflux in cultured human GCs is mediated by ABCC4 thus regulating its extracellular concentration. The ABCC4 inhibitor probenecid demonstrated effective blocking of ovulation and affects key ovulatory genes in female mice in vivo. We postulate that the reduction in PGE2 efflux caused by the inhibition of ABCC4 activity in GCs decreases the extracellular concentration of PGE2 and its ovulatory effect. Treatment of female mice with low dose of probenecid as well as with the PTGS inhibitor indomethacin or Meloxicam synergistically blocks ovulation. These results support the hypothesis that ABCC4 has an important role in ovulation and might be a potential target for non-hormonal contraception, especially in combination with PGE2 synthesis inhibitors. These findings may fill the gap in understanding the role of ABCC4 in PGE2 signaling, enhance the understanding of ovulatory disorders, and facilitate the treatment and control of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil M Yerushalmi
- Reproduction Laboratory and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv), Tel Hashomer, Israel
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center (formerly Assaf Harofeh Medical Center) (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv), Zerifin, Israel
| | - Batel Shuraki
- Reproduction Laboratory and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv), Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yuval Yung
- Reproduction Laboratory and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv), Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ettie Maman
- Reproduction Laboratory and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv), Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Micha Baum
- Reproduction Laboratory and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv), Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Eli Y Adashi
- Department of Medical Science and Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ariel Hourvitz
- Reproduction Laboratory and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv), Tel Hashomer, Israel
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center (formerly Assaf Harofeh Medical Center) (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv), Zerifin, Israel
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Kolanska K, Faucher P, Daraï É, Bouchard P, Chabbert-Buffet N. [The history of emergency contraception]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:779-784. [PMID: 34491186 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergency contraception (EC) has evolved since the 1960's to enable a better tolerance. Lower hormone doses, simplified schemes, withdrawal of estrogens have led to a user friendly, over-the-counter available EC. The copper intra-uterine device, requiring health care professionals' intervention, is less accessible. However, it allows simultaneous initiation of a reliable long-term contraception. Unfortunately, EC is still underused and information reinforcement is needed to overcome reluctance to its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kolanska
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Faucher
- Service de gynécologie- obstétrique, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, Paris, France - Fédération de régulation des naissances de l'Est parisien, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Émile Daraï
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Clinique Hartmann, 26 boulevard Victor Hugo, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France - Service de gynécologie- obstétrique, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, Paris, France - Fédération de régulation des naissances de l'Est parisien, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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6
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Tokmakov AA, Stefanov VE, Sato KI. Dissection of the Ovulatory Process Using ex vivo Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605379. [PMID: 33363163 PMCID: PMC7755606 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation is a unique physiological phenomenon that is essential for sexual reproduction. It refers to the entire process of ovarian follicle responses to hormonal stimulation resulting in the release of mature fertilization-competent oocytes from the follicles and ovaries. Remarkably, ovulation in different species can be reproduced out-of-body with high fidelity. Moreover, most of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways engaged in this process have been delineated using in vitro ovulation models. Here, we provide an overview of the major molecular and cytological events of ovulation observed in frogs, primarily in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, using mainly ex vivo approaches, with the focus on meiotic oocyte maturation and follicle rupture. For the purpose of comparison and generalization, we also refer extensively to ovulation in other biological species, most notoriously, in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily E Stefanov
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ken-Ichi Sato
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Fertility and infertility implications in rheumatoid arthritis; state of the art. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:721-729. [PMID: 32458007 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bulk of investigations imply that women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) deliver fewer children in comparison to healthy women. PURPOSE This review article attempts to clarify the involvement of infertility-related issues in both RA men and women. Moreover, the effect of RA disease on the fertility quality and quantity will be discussed. RESULTS Declined fertility rate in RA women seems to stem from modified inflammatory settings, advanced maternal age, limited sexual activity, and adverse effects of drugs on ovarian function. Women with RA may have smaller families and seem to be slower to conceive relative to their peer women. The chance of gestation in RA women may drop due to suppressed sexual function through pain and fatigue. In addition, treatment of RA women with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may prevent ovulation and therefore hinder the conception. CONCLUSIONS A complex interaction between RA disease and fertility related issues is present. Despite an increase rate of infertility in RA females or males, the mechanisms involved in this outcome is still unknown. Plausible causes of the decreased fertility rate in RA patients might be due to inflammatory cytokines, suppressed sexual activity, drug treatments, mother age, personal choice, or a combination of these elements.
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8
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Duffy DM, Ko C, Jo M, Brannstrom M, Curry TE. Ovulation: Parallels With Inflammatory Processes. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:369-416. [PMID: 30496379 PMCID: PMC6405411 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The midcycle surge of LH sets in motion interconnected networks of signaling cascades to bring about rupture of the follicle and release of the oocyte during ovulation. Many mediators of these LH-induced signaling cascades are associated with inflammation, leading to the postulate that ovulation is similar to an inflammatory response. First responders to the LH surge are granulosa and theca cells, which produce steroids, prostaglandins, chemokines, and cytokines, which are also mediators of inflammatory processes. These mediators, in turn, activate both nonimmune ovarian cells as well as resident immune cells within the ovary; additional immune cells are also attracted to the ovary. Collectively, these cells regulate proteolytic pathways to reorganize the follicular stroma, disrupt the granulosa cell basal lamina, and facilitate invasion of vascular endothelial cells. LH-induced mediators initiate cumulus expansion and cumulus oocyte complex detachment, whereas the follicular apex undergoes extensive extracellular matrix remodeling and a loss of the surface epithelium. The remainder of the follicle undergoes rapid angiogenesis and functional differentiation of granulosa and theca cells. Ultimately, these functional and structural changes culminate in follicular rupture and oocyte release. Throughout the ovulatory process, the importance of inflammatory responses is highlighted by the commonalities and similarities between many of these events associated with ovulation and inflammation. However, ovulation includes processes that are distinct from inflammation, such as regulation of steroid action, oocyte maturation, and the eventual release of the oocyte. This review focuses on the commonalities between inflammatory responses and the process of ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Misung Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mats Brannstrom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Stockholm IVF, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Robker RL, Hennebold JD, Russell DL. Coordination of Ovulation and Oocyte Maturation: A Good Egg at the Right Time. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3209-3218. [PMID: 30010832 PMCID: PMC6456964 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovulation is the appropriately timed release of a mature, developmentally competent oocyte from the ovary into the oviduct, where fertilization occurs. Importantly, ovulation is tightly linked with oocyte maturation, demonstrating the interdependency of these two parallel processes, both essential for female fertility. Initiated by pituitary gonadotropins, the ovulatory process is mediated by intrafollicular paracrine factors from the theca, mural, and cumulus granulosa cells, as well as the oocyte itself. The result is the induction of cumulus expansion, proteolysis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and smooth muscle contraction, which are each required for follicular rupture. These complex intercellular communication networks and the essential ovulatory genes have been well defined in mouse models and are highly conserved in primates, including humans. Importantly, recent discoveries in regulation of ovulation highlight new areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Robker
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence: Rebecca L. Robker, PhD, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Darryl L Russell
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kim MJ, Shrestha SS, Cortes M, Singh P, Morse C, Liow JS, Gladding RL, Brouwer C, Henry K, Gallagher E, Tye GL, Zoghbi SS, Fujita M, Pike VW, Innis RB. Evaluation of Two Potent and Selective PET Radioligands to Image COX-1 and COX-2 in Rhesus Monkeys. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1907-1912. [PMID: 29959215 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.211144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed whether the newly developed PET radioligands 11C-PS13 and 11C-MC1 could image constitutive levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, respectively, in rhesus monkeys. Methods: After intravenous injection of either radioligand, 24 whole-body PET scans were performed. To measure enzyme-specific uptake, scans of the 2 radioligands were also performed after administration of a nonradioactive drug preferential for either COX-1 or COX-2. Concurrent venous samples were obtained to measure parent radioligand concentrations. SUVs were calculated from 10 to 90 min. Results: 11C-PS13 showed specific uptake in most organs, including spleen, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and brain, which was blocked by COX-1, but not COX-2, preferential inhibitors. Specific uptake of 11C-MC1 was not observed in any organ except the ovaries and possibly kidneys. Conclusion: The findings suggest that 11C-PS13 has adequate signal in monkeys to justify its extension to human subjects. In contrast, 11C-MC1 is unlikely to show significant signal in healthy humans, though it may be able to do so in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stal S Shrestha
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle Cortes
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Prachi Singh
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cheryl Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert L Gladding
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chad Brouwer
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katharine Henry
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Evan Gallagher
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - George L Tye
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ghafuri DL, Stimpson SJ, Day ME, James A, DeBaun MR, Sharma D. Fertility challenges for women with sickle cell disease. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:891-901. [PMID: 28891355 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1367279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD) represents one of the most common monogenic blood disorders worldwide, with an incidence of over 300,000 newborns affected per year. Reproductive challenges for men and women with SCD have been previously reviewed; however, evidence-based strategies to prevent and manage infertility and increase fecundity are lacking in women with SCD, which is one of the most important factors for quality of life. Areas covered: This review article summarizes the known risk factors for infertility, low fecundity, and premature menopause related to SCD. Expert commentary: Women with SCD have unique risk factors that may impact their ability to conceive, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, transfusion-related hemochromatosis, and ovarian sickling, causing ischemia and reperfusion injury to the ovary. Contraception is strongly recommended while on hydroxyurea therapy during reproductive years and discontinuing hydroxyurea for family planning and during pregnancy based on teratogenicity in animal studies. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the only curative therapy, sometimes involves conditioning regimens containing alkylating agents and total body irradiation that contribute to infertility and premature ovarian failure. Prior to HSCT or gene therapy, we strongly recommend referral to a reproductive endocrinologist to discuss fertility preservation and surrogacy options for all women with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamila L Ghafuri
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt-Meharry-Matthew Walker Center for Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Sarah-Jo Stimpson
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt-Meharry-Matthew Walker Center for Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Melissa E Day
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt-Meharry-Matthew Walker Center for Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Andra James
- b Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Duke University , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Michael R DeBaun
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt-Meharry-Matthew Walker Center for Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Deva Sharma
- b Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Duke University , Durham , NC , USA
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12
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Schneider AP, Kubat C, Zainer CM. Appreciation for Analysis of how Levonorgestrel Works and Reservations with the use of Meloxicam as Emergency Contraception. Linacre Q 2016; 83:52-68. [DOI: 10.1080/00243639.2016.1145894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a response to Dr. Kathleen Raviele's recent article on her critical analysis of the use of levonorgestrel given to women postsexual assault and her suggestion that the use of Meloxicam may be an ethical alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Kubat
- Catholic Social Services of Southern Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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13
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Abstract
Significant progress on contraception, and in particular emergency contraception, has been made in the past decade. Emergency contraception was first introduced as a stand-alone prescription in 1998, and the interaction of politics and medicine meant a tumultuous course to the drug becoming available over the counter. This article reviews how emergency contraception works, the effectiveness of different methods, pros and cons, and the history of emergency contraception.
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Duffy DM. Novel contraceptive targets to inhibit ovulation: the prostaglandin E2 pathway. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:652-70. [PMID: 26025453 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an essential intrafollicular regulator of ovulation. In contrast with the one-gene, one-protein concept for synthesis of peptide signaling molecules, production and metabolism of bioactive PGE2 requires controlled expression of many proteins, correct subcellular localization of enzymes, coordinated PGE2 synthesis and metabolism, and prostaglandin transport in and out of cells to facilitate PGE2 action and degradation. Elevated intrafollicular PGE2 is required for successful ovulation, so disruption of PGE2 synthesis, metabolism or transport may yield effective contraceptive strategies. METHODS This review summarizes case reports and studies on ovulation inhibition in women and macaques treated with cyclooxygenase inhibitors published from 1987 to 2014. These findings are discussed in the context of studies describing levels of mRNA, protein, and activity of prostaglandin synthesis and metabolic enzymes as well as prostaglandin transporters in ovarian cells. RESULTS The ovulatory surge of LH regulates the expression of each component of the PGE2 synthesis-metabolism-transport pathway within the ovulatory follicle. Data from primary ovarian cells and cancer cell lines suggest that enzymes and transporters can cooperate to optimize bioactive PGE2 levels. Elevated intrafollicular PGE2 mediates key ovulatory events including cumulus expansion, follicle rupture and oocyte release. Inhibitors of the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) enzyme (also known as cyclooxygenase-2 or COX2) reduce ovulation rates in women. Studies in macaques show that PTGS2 inhibitors can reduce the rates of cumulus expansion, oocyte release, follicle rupture, oocyte nuclear maturation and fertilization. A PTGS2 inhibitor reduced pregnancy rates in breeding macaques when administered to simulate emergency contraception. However, PTGS2 inhibition did not prevent pregnancy in monkeys when administered to simulate monthly contraceptive use. CONCLUSION PTGS2 inhibitors alone may be suitable for use as emergency contraceptives. However, drugs of this class are unlikely to be effective as monthly contraceptives. Inhibitors of additional PGE2 synthesis enzymes or modulation of PGE2 metabolism or transport also hold potential for reducing follicular PGE2 and preventing ovulation. Approaches which target multiple components of the PGE2 synthesis-metabolism-transport pathway may be required to effectively block ovulation and lead to the development of novel contraceptive options for women. Therapies which target PGE2 may also impact disorders of the uterus and could also have benefits for women's health in addition to contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 Olney Road, Lewis Hall, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Xu M, Tian YZ, Zhu XJ, Zhang X, Zhu JY, Gu CX, Chen Y, Huang JL. Effect of Xianziyizhen Recipe Capsule on PGI2-PPARδ Signaling Pathway in Embryo Implantation Dysfunction Mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 73:545-56. [PMID: 25648617 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM We investigated the effect of Xianziyizhen recipe capsule (XRC), a kidney-tonifying herb, on the PGI2-PPARδ signaling pathway at the maternal-fetal interface in embryo implantation dysfunction (EID) mice. METHOD OF STUDY Intragastric administration of Progynova (estradiol) or XRC was performed in EID mouse model, following experimental induction of kidney deficiency by co-treatment with chemotherapy drug hydroxyurea and antiprogesterone mifepristone. The PPARδ and IL-11 mRNA expression in endometrium were detected by real-time relative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Further, the protein expression of COX-2, PGI2, MMP-9, and TIMP-3 was detected in endometrial glandular epithelium and in stromal cells by immunohistochemical (IHC) assay. RESULTS The results showed that hydroxyurea and mifepristone-induced EID were associated with significantly lower PPARδ and IL-11 mRNA levels in endometrium and reduced COX-2, PGI2, MMP-9, and TIMP-3 levels in endometrial glandular epithelium, compared with normal controls. However, XRC and Progynova treatment reversed these effects, leading to significant increases in PPARδ and IL-11 mRNA expression, and COX-2, PGI2, MMP-9 and TIMP-3 protein levels, when compared with the levels observed in EID mice. CONCLUSION These results strongly suggested that XRC is beneficial in EID treatment and that XRC may mediate its effects through regulation of the PGI2-PPARδ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Zhou Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ling Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite decades of evidence suggesting that women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have fewer children than their healthy peers, this information is not widely known among clinicians. The causes of decreased fertility in this population have been largely unexplored, but likely revolve around altered inflammation, increased age when conception is attempted, limited sexual function, and possibly medications limiting ovarian function. RECENT FINDINGS Several large Scandinavian cohorts and a cohort study in the United States demonstrate that women with RA have smaller families and are slower to conceive compared with other women. Personal choice to limit family size plays some role, as does infertility. Sexual function in women with RA is hampered by pain and fatigue, perhaps decreasing the opportunity for conception. Finally, data about the role of NSAIDs in preventing ovulation suggest that continued use of these medications may hinder conception. SUMMARY Infertility in women with RA is an under-recognized, but remarkably common phenomenon. Although research continues into the underlying causes, physicians can discuss this topic and refer women to reproductive endocrinology when needed, thereby helping patients to build the families that they desire.
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Weiss EA, Gandhi M. Preferential Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors as a Nonhormonal Method of Emergency Contraception: A Look at the Evidence. J Pharm Pract 2014; 29:160-4. [PMID: 25092603 DOI: 10.1177/0897190014544795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature surrounding the use of preferential cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors as an alternative form of emergency contraception. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (1950 to February 2014) was searched using the key words cyclooxygenase or COX-2 combined with contraception, emergency contraception, or ovulation. Results were limited to randomized control trials, controlled clinical trials, and clinical trials. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Human trials that measured the effects of COX inhibition on female reproductive potential were included for review. DATA SYNTHESIS The effects of the COX-2 inhibitors rofecoxib, celecoxib, and meloxicam were evaluated in 6 trials. Each of which was small in scope, enrolled women of variable fertility status, used different dosing regimens, included multiple end points, and had variable results. CONCLUSIONS Insufficient evidence exists to fully support the use of preferential COX-2 inhibitors as a form of emergency contraception. Although all trials resulted in a decrease in ovulatory cycles, outcomes varied between dosing strategies and agents used. A lack of homogeneity in these studies makes comparisons difficult. However, success of meloxicam in multiple trials warrants further study. Larger human trials are necessary before the clinical utility of this method of emergency contraception can be fully appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich A Weiss
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mona Gandhi
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA
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