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Howard SA, Benhabbour SR. Non-Hormonal Contraception. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4791. [PMID: 37510905 PMCID: PMC10381146 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While hormonal contraceptives are efficacious and available in several forms for women, perception of safety and concern over side effects are a deterrent for many. Existing non-hormonal contraceptives include permanent sterilization, copper intrauterine devices (IUDs), chemical/physical barriers such as spermicides and condoms, as well as traditional family planning methods including withdrawal and the rhythm method. Individuals who wish to retain their fertility in the future can achieve highest adherence and efficacy with long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARCs), though there is only one, the copper IUD, that is non-hormonal. As rates of unintended pregnancies remain high with existing contraceptive options, it is becoming increasingly attractive to develop novel pregnancy prevention methods for both women and men. Non-hormonal contraceptives can target a variety of critical reproductive processes discussed here. This review focuses on identified non-hormonal contraceptive targets and subsequent drug candidates in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anne Howard
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Soumya Rahima Benhabbour
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Recent progress in advanced biomaterials for long-acting reversible contraception. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:138. [PMID: 35300702 PMCID: PMC8932341 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintended pregnancy is a global issue with serious ramifications for women, their families, and society, including abortion, infertility, and maternal death. Although existing contraceptive strategies have been widely used in people's lives, there have not been satisfactory feedbacks due to low contraceptive efficacy and related side effects (e.g., decreased sexuality, menstrual cycle disorder, and even lifelong infertility). In recent years, biomaterials-based long-acting reversible contraception has received increasing attention from the viewpoint of fundamental research and practical applications mainly owing to improved delivery routes and controlled drug delivery. This review summarizes recent progress in advanced biomaterials for long-acting reversible contraception via various delivery routes, including subcutaneous implant, transdermal patch, oral administration, vaginal ring, intrauterine device, fallopian tube occlusion, vas deferens contraception, and Intravenous administration. In addition, biomaterials, especially nanomaterials, still need to be improved and prospects for the future in contraception are mentioned.
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Torikai H, Inoue M, Tsukada J, Togawa K, Yamamoto Y, Hase M, Tamura M, Ito N, Soga S, Nakatsuka S, Jinzaki M. Comparison of foaming properties between Shirasu porous glass membrane device and Tessari's three-way stopcock techniques for polidocanol and ethanolamine oleate foam production: A Benchtop Study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33:518-524.e3. [PMID: 35122940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the characteristics of polidocanol (POL) and ethanolamine oleate (EO) sclerosing foams produced by a Shirasu porous glass membrane (SPGM) device with those made using a three-way stopcock (3WSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Foam half-life times were measured in an ex vivo benchtop study. Computed tomography (CT) images of each foam were obtained over the time course, and CT texture analysis was conducted. Bubble size in each foam was measured by an optical microscope. RESULTS Median foam half-life times were longer in the SPGM group than in the 3WSC group (POL: 198 vs 166 s, p = 0.02; EO: 640 vs 391 s, p < 0.01). In CT texture analysis, median standard deviation (SD) and entropy (randomness) were lower, and median energy (uniformity) and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) homogeneity (homogeneity) were higher in the SPGM group than in the 3WSC group (POL SD: at 30 s and 50-300 s; POL entropy: at 0-60 s; EO SD: at 0-600 s; EO entropy: at 0-460 s; POL energy: at 0-40 s; POL GLCM homogeneity: at 0-250 s; EO energy: at 0-360 s; EO GLCM homogeneity: at 0-480 s; all p < 0.05). Median bubble diameters in the SPGM group and in the 3WSC group were 69 and 83 μm (p < 0.01), respectively, in POL foam; and 36 and 36 μm (p = 0.45), respectively, in EO foam. CONCLUSION POL and EO foams had greater uniformity and longer foam half-life time when prepared with an SPGM device than with a 3WSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Torikai
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomach, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, University of Virginia, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Masanori Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomach, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jitsuro Tsukada
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Togawa
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomach, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawa-dori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Hase
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomach, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Tamura
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomach, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Ito
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, 1-4-17 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Soga
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomach, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Nakatsuka
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomach, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomach, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Jensen JT, Hanna C, Yao S, Thompson E, Bauer C, Slayden OD. Transcervical administration of polidocanol foam prevents pregnancy in female baboons. Contraception 2016; 94:527-533. [PMID: 27421766 PMCID: PMC5083254 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Our objective was to conduct a pilot study to determine if transcervical administration of polidocanol foam (PF) with or without doxycycline or benzalkonium chloride (BZK) would prevent pregnancy in baboons. Methods In study phase 1, adult cycling baboons underwent a hysterosalpingogram to evaluate tubal patency prior to transcervical infusion of 20 mL of 5% PF followed by 1 mL of saline containing 100 mg doxycycline (5%/doxy; n=5), 3% PF plus doxycycline (3%/doxy; n=4), 3% PF with 0.01% BZK (3%/BZK; n=4) or no additional treatment (control; n=9). Immediately following treatment, animals received intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, 2 mg/kg) to suppress cyclicity during healing and were then socially housed with males of proven fertility. The primary outcome was pregnancy within six cycles of resumption of menses (efficacy phase 1). During study phase 2, PF-treated females from study phase 1 contributed additional cycles (6–8) of exposure (efficacy phase 2), and 5 control females who had recovered from medical abortion (after study phase 1 pregnancy) were subsequently treated with 5% PF (with DMPA) and exposed to breeding (efficacy phase 1; n=3 six cycles, n=2 five cycles). Results All females resumed normal menstrual cycles and mating activity after DMPA. During efficacy phase 1, 7/9 (78%) control females became pregnant. In contrast, fewer pregnancies occurred in PF-treated females: 5% PF 0/5 (0%), 5%/doxy 1/5 (20%), 3%/doxy 1/4 (25%) and 3%/BZK 1/4 (25%). During efficacy phase 2, only one additional pregnancy occurred (3%/BZK). Conclusions A single transcervical treatment with 5% PF prevented pregnancy in most baboons. Cotreatment with doxycycline or BZK did not improve results. Implications Transcervical intrauterine administration of PF resulted in a high rate of tubal occlusion with prevention of pregnancy; refinements are needed to increase the contraceptive rate following a single treatment to near 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR.
| | - Carol Hanna
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Shan Yao
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Emily Thompson
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | | | - Ov D Slayden
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
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Watkins MR, Oliver RJ. Physiochemical properties and reproducibility of air-based sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam using the Tessari method. Phlebology 2016; 32:390-396. [PMID: 27329670 DOI: 10.1177/0268355516655078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objectives were to examine the density, bubble size distribution and durability of sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam and the consistency of production of foam by a number of different operators using the Tessari method. Methods 1% and 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate sclerosant foam was produced by an experienced operator and a group of inexperienced operators using either a 1:3 or 1:4 liquid:air ratio and the Tessari method. The foam density, bubble size distribution and foam durability were measured on freshly prepared foam from each operator. Results The foam density measurements were similar for each of the 1:3 preparations and for each of the 1:4 preparations but not affected by the sclerosant concentration. The bubble size for all preparations were very small immediately after preparation but progressively coalesced to become a micro-foam (<250 µm) after the first 30 s up until 2 min. Both the 1% and 3% solution foams developed liquid more rapidly when made in a 1:3 ratio (37 s) than in a 1:4 ratio (45 s) but all combinations took similar times to reach 0.4 ml liquid formation. For all the experiments, there was no statistical significant difference between operators. Conclusions The Tessari method of foam production for sodium tetradecyl sulphate sclerosant is consistent and reproducible even when made by inexperienced operators. The best quality foam with micro bubbles should be used within the first minute after production.
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