Women's experiences of their preabortion ultrasound image printout

"It makes it more real": Examining ambiguous fetal meanings in abortion care

The role of fetal development in abortion work is unresolved, mirroring a broader cultural ambivalence regarding the fetus. The collective, cultural notion of fetuses tends to lie on a dichotomy between "clump of cells" and "baby," with little public attention to the realities of fetal development during all stages of pregnancy. This tension is exacerbated by an absence of medically accurate images of aborted fetal tissue available to lay audiences. In this paper, we examine how independent abortion providers manage contradictory messages surrounding the fetus when providing patient-centered pregnancy tissue viewing (PCV). More specifically, we investigate how providers navigate public and private understandings of the fetus in their healthcare provision amidst a void of nuanced fetal imagery. Through interviews with 25 independent abortion providers in the United States, we analyze the discursive framings providers employ to make sense of the fetus and provision of PCV. Using a symbolic interactionism framework, we grouped results into three overarching themes: tensions in language, the impact of gestation as de- or re-stigmatizing, and looking as "making it more real." Our findings support the notion that the fetus is largely socially constructed, mutable, and variant across individuals, context, and time; our findings also highlight abortion providers' ability to hold nuanced and sometimes conflicting thoughts and feelings about fetuses while providing patient-centered care. This study addresses a largely overlooked practice within medical sociology and furthers our understanding of how cultural narratives shape the provision and meanings of patient-centered care, the professional socialization of healthcare workers, and the patient-provider interaction.

The ultrasound scene in abortion care: practices and meanings in a public maternity hospital in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil

This article aims to analyze the practices and meanings involved in obstetric ultrasound (USG) in women undergoing abortion at public maternity hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. This is a qualitative ethnographic study that included three months of participant observation in the interactions between these women and medical and non-medical staff in the USG room of a public maternity hospital. USG has a central place in women's abortion itinerary, and its practice is incorporated into the institution's routine and the definition of approaches to abortion care at the maternity hospital studied here. In this context, distinct categories of "women with abortion" are produced and mobilized according to the interpretation of the USG images. The way the health condition and moral status of a woman with suspected abortion are defined depends on the presence or absence of a live fetus in her uterus, in addition to the gestational age at which the attempted or completed abortion occurred. We conclude that when the USG evidence indicates that there was (probably) an abortion in the initial stages of a pregnancy, the health professionals themselves help the women by disconnecting the semiotic process that would result in assigning a sense of human nature to the embryo. The later a pregnancy is terminated, the more likely the process of defining the images will sustain the idea that there was a person there. The hegemonic morals on abortion and its criminalization in Brazil modulate the symbolic constructions and practices involved in the USG test in women experiencing abortion.