1
|
[ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)] 2 Angiogenesis PET/MR in a Porcine Model of Chronic Myocardial Infarction. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101807. [PMID: 34679505 PMCID: PMC8535023 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial in tissue repair and prevents scar tissue formation following an ischemic event such as myocardial infarction. The ischemia induces formation of new capillaries, which have high expression of integrin αvβ3. [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]2 ([68Ga]Ga-RGD) is a promising PET-radiotracer reflecting angiogenesis by binding to integrin αvβ3. A Göttingen mini-pig underwent transient catheter-induced left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion for 120 min, and after 8 weeks was imaged on a Siemens mMR 3T PET/MR system. A large antero-septal infarction was evident by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on the short axis and 2–4 chamber views. The infarcted area corresponded to the area with high [68Ga]Ga-RGD uptake on the fused PET/MR images, with no uptake in the healthy myocardium. To support the hypothesis that [68Ga]Ga-RGD uptake reflects angiogenesis, biopsies were sampled from the infarct border and healthy myocardium. Expression of αvβ3 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The staining showed higher αvβ3 expression in the capillaries of the infarct border compared to those in the healthy myocardium. These initial data confirm in vivo detection of angiogenesis using [68Ga]Ga-RGD PET in a translational model, which overall support the method applicability when evaluating novel cardio-protective therapies.
Collapse
|
2
|
The Application of Iodine Quantitative Information Obtained by Dual-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography on Chemoradiotherapy Effect Monitoring for Cervical Cancer. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2017; 41:737-745. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
3
|
Rasmussen T, Follin B, Kastrup J, Brandt-Larsen M, Madsen J, Emil Christensen T, Pharao Hammelev K, Hasbak P, Kjær A. Angiogenesis PET Tracer Uptake ((68)Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]₂) in Induced Myocardial Infarction in Minipigs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2016; 6:diagnostics6020026. [PMID: 27322329 PMCID: PMC4931421 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is part of the healing process following an ischemic injury and is vital for the post-ischemic repair of the myocardium. Therefore, it is of particular interest to be able to noninvasively monitor angiogenesis. This might, not only permit risk stratification of patients following myocardial infarction, but could also facilitate development and improvement of new therapies directed towards stimulation of the angiogenic response. During angiogenesis endothelial cells must adhere to one another to form new microvessels. αvβ₃ integrin has been found to be highly expressed in activated endothelial cells and has been identified as a critical modulator of angiogenesis. (68)Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]₂ (RGD) has recently been developed by us as an angiogenesis positron-emission-tomography (PET) ligand targeted towards αvβ₃ integrin. In the present study, we induced myocardial infarction in Göttingen minipigs. Successful infarction was documented by (82)Rubidium-dipyridamole stress PET and computed tomography. RGD uptake was demonstrated in the infarcted myocardium one week and one month after induction of infarction by RGD-PET. In conclusion, we demonstrated angiogenesis by noninvasive imaging using RGD-PET in minipigs hearts, which resemble human hearts. The perspectives are very intriguing and might permit the evaluation of new treatment strategies targeted towards increasing the angiogenetic response, e.g., stem-cell treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bjarke Follin
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens Kastrup
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Malene Brandt-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Emil Christensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Karsten Pharao Hammelev
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Philip Hasbak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hendrikx G, Vries MH, Bauwens M, De Saint-Hubert M, Wagenaar A, Guillaume J, Boonen L, Post MJ, Mottaghy FM. Comparison of LDPI to SPECT perfusion imaging using (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate in a murine ischemic hind limb model of neovascularization. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:44. [PMID: 27234510 PMCID: PMC4883021 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine the accuracy of laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) in an animal model for hind limb ischemia. Methods We used a murine (C57Bl/6 mice) ischemic hind limb model in which we compared LDPI with the clinically used 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT perfusion imaging (n = 7). In addition, we used the SPECT tracer 99mTc-pyrophosphate (99mTc-PyP) to image muscular damage (n = 6). Results LDPI indicated a quick and prominent decrease in perfusion immediately after ligation, subsequently recovering to 21.9 and 25.2 % 14 days later in the 99mTc-sestamibi and 99mTc-PyP group, respectively. 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT scans also showed a quick decrease in perfusion. However, nearly full recovery was reached 7 days post ligation. Muscular damage, indicated by the uptake of 99mTc-PyP, was highest at day 3 and recovered to baseline levels at day 14 post ligation. Postmortem histology supported these findings, as a significantly increased collateral diameter was found 7 and 14 days after ligation and peak macrophage infiltration and TUNEL positivity was found on day 3 after ligation. Conclusions Here, we indicate that LDPI strongly underestimates perfusion recovery in a hind limb model for profound ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert Hendrikx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Postbox 5800, AZ, 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H Vries
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Postbox 5800, AZ, 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Postbox 5800, AZ, 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Allard Wagenaar
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joël Guillaume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Postbox 5800, AZ, 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Levinia Boonen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Postbox 5800, AZ, 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Postbox 5800, AZ, 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University hospital, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Jo JI, Lin X, Nakahara T, Aoki I, Saga T, Tabata Y. Preparation of Polymer-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent to Visualize Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:30-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichiro Jo
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakahara
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Levine PM, Carberry TP, Holub JM, Kirshenbaum K. Crafting precise multivalent architectures. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20338c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of elaborate three-dimensional multivalent displays appended on natural or synthetic molecular scaffolds.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsiapa I, Loudos G, Varvarigou A, Fragogeorgi E, Psimadas D, Tsotakos T, Xanthopoulos S, Mihailidis D, Bouziotis P, Nikiforidis GC, Kagadis GC. Biological evaluation of an ornithine-modified (99m)Tc-labeled RGD peptide as an angiogenesis imaging agent. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 40:262-72. [PMID: 23238128 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiolabeled RGD peptides that specifically target integrin α(ν)β(3) have great potential in early tumor detection through noninvasive monitoring of tumor angiogenesis. Based on previous findings of our group on radiopeptides containing positively charged aminoacids, we developed a new cyclic cRGDfK derivative, c(RGDfK)-(Orn)(3)-CGG. This new peptide availing the polar linker (Orn)(3) and the (99m)Tc-chelating moiety CGG (Cys-Gly-Gly) is appropriately designed for (99m)Tc-labeling, as well as consequent conjugation onto nanoparticles. METHODS A tumor imaging agent, c(RGDfK)-(Orn)(3)-[CGG-(99m)Tc], is evaluated with regard to its radiochemical, radiobiological and imaging characteristics. RESULTS The complex c(RGDfK)-(Orn)(3)-[CGG-(99m)Tc] was obtained in high radiochemical yield (>98%) and was stable in vitro and ex vivo. It presented identical to the respective, fully analytically characterized (185/187)Re complex retention time in RP-HPLC. In contrary to other RGD derivatives, we showed that the new radiopeptide exhibits kidney uptake and urine excretion due to the ornithine linker. High tumor uptake (3.87±0.48% ID/g at 60 min p.i.) was observed and was maintained relatively high even at 24 h p.i. (1.83±0.05 % ID/g), thus providing well-defined scintigraphic imaging. Accumulation in other organs was negligible. Blocking experiments indicated target specificity for integrin receptors in U87MG glioblastoma cells. CONCLUSION Due to its relatively high tumor uptake, renal elimination and negligible abdominal localization, the new (99m)Tc-RGD peptide is considered promising in the field of imaging α(ν)β(3)-positive tumors. However, the preparation of multifunctional SPECT/MRI contrast agents (RGD-conjugated nanoparticles) for dual modality imaging of integrin expressing tumors should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tsiapa
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, P.O. BOX: 132 73, GR 265 04, Rion, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Orbay H, Hong H, Zhang Y, Cai W. PET/SPECT imaging of hindlimb ischemia: focusing on angiogenesis and blood flow. Angiogenesis 2012; 16:279-87. [PMID: 23117521 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a result of the atherosclerotic narrowing of blood vessels to the extremities, and the subsequent tissue ischemia can lead to the up-regulation of angiogenic growth factors and formation of new vessels as a recovery mechanism. Such formation of new vessels can be evaluated with various non-invasive molecular imaging techniques, where serial images from the same subjects can be obtained to allow the documentation of disease progression and therapeutic response. The most commonly used animal model for preclinical studies of PAD is the murine hindlimb ischemia model, and a number of radiotracers have been investigated for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of PAD. In this review article, we summarize the PET/SPECT tracers that have been tested in the murine hindlimb ischemia model as well as those used clinically to assess the extremity blood flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Orbay
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Room 7137, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ribatti D, Ranieri G, Basile A, Azzariti A, Paradiso A, Vacca A. Tumor endothelial markers as a target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:1215-25. [PMID: 22978444 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.725047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several anti-angiogenic agents have been developed and some of them have been clinically applied in the tumor therapy. Anti-angiogenic therapy faces some hurdles: inherent or acquired resistance, increased invasiveness, and lack of biomarkers. Characterization of tumor endothelial markers may help to target endothelium and to identify potential predictive factors of response to anti-angiogenic therapies. Numerous surrogates, angiogenic and endothelium markers have emerged from recent pre-clinical studies, including physiological and soluble molecules in plasma and from platelets, circulating cells, tumor tissue factors and imaging markers. However, no wholly validated biomarkers currently exist to predict the success or the failure of the anti-angiogenic therapy of cancer. Therefore, the research of suitable and validate biomarkers is currently ongoing. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the status of our knowledge concerning tumor endothelial markers, therapeutics targeting, possible resistance mechanisms and predictive value of these biomarkers and discuss future strategies to use and identify them in the anti-angiogenic therapy. EXPERT OPINION Anti-angiogenesis is a milestone to improve the treatment of several types of cancer and predictive biomarkers for a response to anti-endothelium therapy are one of the most important challenges for anti-angiogenesis research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- University of Bari Medical School, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Molecular Imaging of Left Ventricular Remodeling. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-012-9137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
12
|
Antiangiogenic and radiation therapy: early effects on in vivo computed tomography perfusion parameters in human colon cancer xenografts in mice. Invest Radiol 2012; 47:25-32. [PMID: 22178893 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e31823a82f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess early treatment effects on computed tomography (CT) perfusion parameters after antiangiogenic and radiation therapy in subcutaneously implanted, human colon cancer xenografts in mice and to correlate in vivo CT perfusion parameters with ex vivo assays of tumor vascularity and hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT (perfusion CT, 129 mAs, 80 kV, 12 slices × 2.4 mm; 150 μL iodinated contrast agent injected at a rate of 1 mL/min intravenously) was performed in 100 subcutaneous human colon cancer xenografts on baseline day 0. Mice in group 1 (n=32) received a single dose of the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab (10 mg/kg body weight), mice in group 2 (n=32) underwent a single radiation treatment (12 Gy), and mice in group 3 (n=32) remained untreated. On days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after treatment, 8 mice from each group underwent a second CT perfusion scan, respectively, after which tumors were excised for ex vivo analysis. Four mice were killed after baseline scanning on day 0 for ex vivo analysis. Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and flow extraction product were calculated using the left ventricle as an arterial input function. Correlation of in vivo CT perfusion parameters with ex vivo microvessel density and extent of tumor hypoxia were assessed by immunofluorescence. Reproducibility of CT perfusion parameter measurements was calculated in an additional 8 tumor-bearing mice scanned twice within 5 hours with the same CT perfusion imaging protocol. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficients for BF, BV, and flow extraction product from repeated CT perfusion scans were 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.97), 0.88 (0.66, 0.95), and 0.88 (0.56, 0.95), respectively. Changes in perfusion parameters and tumor volumes over time were different between treatments. After bevacizumab treatment, all 3 perfusion parameters significantly decreased from day 1 (P ≤ 0.006) and remained significantly decreased until day 7 (P ≤ 0.008); tumor volume increased significantly only on day 7 (P=0.04). After radiation treatment, all 3 perfusion parameters decreased significantly on day 1 (P < 0.001); BF and flow extraction product increased again on day 3 and 5, although without reaching statistically significant difference; and tumor volumes did not change significantly at all time points (P ≥ 0.3). In the control group, all 3 perfusion parameters did not change significantly, whereas tumor volume increased significantly at all the time points, compared with baseline (P ≤ 0.04). Ex vivo immunofluorescent staining showed good correlation between all 3 perfusion parameters and microvessel density (ρ=0.71, 0.66, and 0.69 for BF, BV, and flow extraction product, respectively; P < 0.001). There was a trend toward negative correlation between extent of hypoxia and all 3 perfusion parameters (ρ=-0.53, -0.47, and -0.40 for BF, BV, and flow extraction product, respectively; P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CT perfusion allows a reproducible, noninvasive assessment of tumor vascularity in human colon cancer xenografts in mice. After antiangiogenic and radiation therapy, BF, BV, and flow extraction product significantly decrease and change faster than the tumor volume.
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Ghobril C, Lamanna G, Kueny-Stotz M, Garofalo A, Billotey C, Felder-Flesch D. Dendrimers in nuclear medical imaging. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20416e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Apana SM, Griffin RJ, Koonce NA, Webber JS, Dings RPM, Mayo KH, Berridge MS. Synthesis of [18F]anginex with high specific activity [18F]fluorobenzaldehyde for targeting angiogenic activity in solid tumors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Apana
- 3D Imaging, LLC; Cyclotron Suite Rm PS010, UAMS Radiology #556, 4301 W. Markham Street; Little Rock; AR; 72205-7199; USA
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock; AR; USA
| | - Nathan A. Koonce
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock; AR; USA
| | - Jessica S. Webber
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock; AR; USA
| | - Ruud P. M. Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis; MN; USA
| | - Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis; MN; USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Oligonucleotides radiolabeled with isotopes emitting γ-rays (for SPECT imaging) or positrons (for PET imaging) can be useful for targeting messenger RNA (mRNA) thereby serving as non-invasive imaging tools for detection of gene expression in vivo (antisense imaging). Radiolabeled oligonucleotides may also be used for monitoring their in vivo fate, thereby helping us better understand the barriers to its delivery for antisense targeting. These developments have led to a new area of molecular imaging and targeting, utilizing radiolabeled antisense oligonucleotides. However, the success of antisense imaging relies heavily on overcoming the barriers for its targeted delivery in vivo. Furthermore, the low ability of the radiolabeled antisense oligonucleotide to subsequently internalize into the cell and hybridize with its target mRNA poses additional challenges in realizing its potentials. This review covers the advances in the antisense imaging probe development for PET and SPECT, with an emphasis on radiolabeling strategies, stability, delivery and in vivo targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Iyer
- Center for Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jiang T, Xing B, Rao J. Recent developments of biological reporter technology for detecting gene expression. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2011; 25:41-75. [PMID: 21412349 DOI: 10.5661/bger-25-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reporter gene assay is an invaluable tool for both biomedical and pharmaceutical researches to monitor cellular events associated with gene expression, regulation and signal transduction. On the basis of the alternations in reporter gene activities mediated by attaching response elements to these reporter genes, one sensitive, reliable and convenient assay can be provided to efficiently report the activation of particular messenger cascades and their effects on gene expression and regulations inside cells or living subjects. In this review, we introduce the current status of several commonly used reporter genes such as chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), β-galactosidase (β-gal), luciferases, green fluorescent protein (GFP), and β-lactamase. Their applications in monitoring gene expression and regulations in vitro and in vivo will be summarized. With the development of advanced technology in gene expression and optical imaging modalities, reporter genes will become increasingly important in real-time detection of the gene expression at the single-cell level. This synergy will make it possible to understand the molecular basis of diseases, track the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, monitor the response to therapies and evaluate the development process of new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yong KT. Biophotonics and biotechnology in pancreatic cancer: cyclic RGD-peptide-conjugated type II quantum dots for in vivo imaging. Pancreatology 2010; 10:553-64. [PMID: 20975319 DOI: 10.1159/000283577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This work introduces a novel, facile and straightforward approach to produce cyclic-RGD-peptide-conjugated type II CdTe/CdS quantum dot (QD) formulation for pancreatic tumor targeting and imaging in live animals. The ultra-small QDs were prepared by a hot colloidal synthesis method. Phospholipid micelles were then used to encapsulate the QDs, allowing them to be stably dispersed in biological fluids and able to conjugate with cyclic-RGD peptides. The QD complex had shown low cytotoxicity on Panc-1 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. In addition, the tissue sections and biodistribution of QD complexes were imaged and analyzed in mice bearing pancreatic tumor xenografts, confirming specific tumor targeting. These studies support further evaluation of type II QDs as potential probes for early pancreatic cancer assessment and detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Tye Yong
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Loudos G, Kagadis GC, Psimadas D. Current status and future perspectives of in vivo small animal imaging using radiolabeled nanoparticles. Eur J Radiol 2010; 78:287-95. [PMID: 20637553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Small animal molecular imaging is a rapidly expanding efficient tool to study biological processes non-invasively. The use of radiolabeled tracers provides non-destructive, imaging information, allowing time related phenomena to be repeatedly studied in a single animal. In the last decade there has been an enormous progress in related technologies and a number of dedicated imaging systems overcome the limitations that the size of small animal possesses. On the other hand, nanoparticles (NPs) gain increased interest, due to their unique properties, which make them perfect candidates for biological applications. Over the past 5 years the two fields seem to cross more and more often; radiolabeled NPs have been assessed in numerous pre-clinical studies that range from oncology, till HIV treatment. In this article the current status in the tools, applications and trends of radiolabeled NPs reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Loudos
- Department of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, AG. Spyridonos 28, Egaleo 12210, Greece.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Ribatti D. Biomarkers of response to angiogenesis inhibitors: an open and unsolved question. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:6-8. [PMID: 19926474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
Design of iron oxide nanoparticles with different sizes and surface charges for simple and efficient labeling of mesenchymal stem cells. J Control Release 2010; 142:465-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
23
|
Bildgebung und Bildverarbeitung. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2010. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2010.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
The current focus of cardiovascular medicine is on early detection and prevention of disease, to control the escalating costs of health care. To achieve this goal, novel imaging approaches that allow for early detection of disease and risk stratification are needed. Traditionally, the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostication of cardiovascular disease were based on techniques that measured changes in metabolism, blood flow, and biological function. Molecular imaging is emerging as a new tool for the noninvasive detection of biological processes that can differentiate and characterize tissues before manifestation of gross anatomical features or physiological consequences. Leading the way are techniques involving high-sensitivity radiotracers that could revolutionize current diagnostic paradigms. This Review provides an overview of selected molecular-based single photon emission CT (SPECT) and PET imaging strategies for the evaluation of cardiovascular disease-including the evaluation of myocardial metabolism and neurohumoral activity of the heart-and potential future targeted methods of evaluating critical molecular processes, such as atherosclerosis, ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction, and ischemia-associated angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8017, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Molecular imaging holds the promise of becoming a key diagnostic modality in cardiovascular medicine by allowing visualization of specific targets and pathways that precede or underlie changes in morphology, physiology, and function. As such, molecular imaging aims at detecting precursors or early stages of cardiovascular disease and at monitoring and guiding novel, increasingly specific and versatile cardiovascular therapies. Imaging of myocardial metabolism and autonomic innervation are already used in current practice, and a wide variety of other targets and probes is on the horizon. This focused review provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges that molecular imaging faces to fulfill its promises in clinical cardiovascular medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Bengel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St./JHOC 3225, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Biodegradable dendritic positron-emitting nanoprobes for the noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:685-90. [PMID: 19129498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0811757106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A biodegradable positron-emitting dendritic nanoprobe targeted at alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, a biological marker known to modulate angiogenesis, was developed for the noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis. The nanoprobe has a modular multivalent core-shell architecture consisting of a biodegradable heterobifunctional dendritic core chemoselectively functionalized with heterobifunctional polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains that form a protective shell, which imparts biological stealth and dictates the pharmacokinetics. Each of the 8 branches of the dendritic core was functionalized for labeling with radiohalogens. Placement of radioactive moieties at the core was designed to prevent in vivo dehalogenation, a potential problem for radiohalogens in imaging and therapy. Targeting peptides of cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motifs were installed at the terminal ends of the PEO chains to enhance their accessibility to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin receptors. This nanoscale design enabled a 50-fold enhancement of the binding affinity to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin receptors with respect to the monovalent RGD peptide alone, from 10.40 nM to 0.18 nM IC(50). Cell-based assays of the (125)I-labeled dendritic nanoprobes using alpha(v)beta(3)-positive cells showed a 6-fold increase in alpha(v)beta(3) receptor-mediated endocytosis of the targeted nanoprobe compared with the nontargeted nanoprobe, whereas alpha(v)beta(3)-negative cells showed no enhancement of cell uptake over time. In vivo biodistribution studies of (76)Br-labeled dendritic nanoprobes showed excellent bioavailability for the targeted and nontargeted nanoprobes. In vivo studies in a murine hindlimb ischemia model for angiogenesis revealed high specific accumulation of (76)Br-labeled dendritic nanoprobes targeted at alpha(v)beta(3) integrins in angiogenic muscles, allowing highly selective imaging of this critically important process.
Collapse
|
27
|
Marcus CD, Ladam-Marcus V, Cucu C, Bouché O, Lucas L, Hoeffel C. Imaging techniques to evaluate the response to treatment in oncology: current standards and perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008; 72:217-38. [PMID: 18760935 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Response evaluation in solid tumours currently uses radiological imaging techniques to measure changes under treatment. Imaging requires a well-defined anatomical lesion to be viewed and relies on the measurement of a reduction in tumour size during treatment as the basis for presumed clinical benefit. However, with the development of anti-angiogenesis agents, anatomical imaging has became inappropriate as certain tumours would not reduce in size. Functional studies are therefore necessary and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), DCE-computed tomography (CT) and DCE-ultrasonography (US) are currently being evaluated for monitoring treatments. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DW-MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are also capable of detecting changes in cell density and metabolite content within tumours. In this article, we review anatomical and functional criteria currently used for monitoring therapy. We review the published data on DCE-MRI, DCE-CT, DCE-US, DW-MRI and MRS. This literature review covers the following area: basic principles of the technique, clinical studies, reproducibility and repeatability, limits and perspectives in monitoring therapy. Anatomical criteria such as response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) will require adaptation to employ not only new tools but also different complementary techniques such as functional imaging in order to monitor therapeutic effects of conventional and new anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Robert-Debre Hospital, University of Reims, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sanz L, Santos-Valle P, Alonso-Camino V, Salas C, Serrano A, Vicario JL, Cuesta AM, Compte M, Sánchez-Martín D, Alvarez-Vallina L. Long-term in vivo imaging of human angiogenesis: critical role of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the generation of durable blood vessels. Microvasc Res 2007; 75:308-14. [PMID: 18252255 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multistep process that encompasses complex molecular and cellular interactions that can not be recapitulated in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that vasculature generated from lentivirally transduced human primary endothelial cells expressing firefly luciferase and co-implanted with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in immunodeficient mice can be assessed quantitatively by in vivo whole body bioluminescence imaging for more than 120 days. Luciferase activity correlated with the formation of a network of functional, mature blood vessels of human nature inside the implant that critically depend on the presence of mesenchymal stem cells. In summary, our study offers an unprecedented opportunity to perform long-term serial analysis of the molecular events involved in the angiogenic process and monitoring responses to anti-angiogenic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanz
- Unidad de Inmunología Molecular, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|