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Xi M, Zhu J, Zhang F, Shen H, Chen J, Xiao Z, Huangfu Y, Wu C, Sun H, Xia G. Antibody-drug conjugates for targeted cancer therapy: Recent advances in potential payloads. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116709. [PMID: 39068862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising cancer therapy modality which specifically delivers highly toxic payloads to cancer cells through antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To date, 15 ADCs have been approved and more than 100 ADC candidates have advanced to clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Among these ADCs, microtubule-targeting and DNA-damaging agents are at the forefront of payload development. However, several challenges including toxicity and drug resistance limit the potential of this modality. To tackle these issues, multiple innovative payloads such as immunomodulators and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are incorporated into ADCs to enable multimodal cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the mechanism of ADCs, highlight the importance of ADC payloads and summarize recent progresses of conventional and unconventional ADC payloads, trying to provide an insight into payload diversification as a key step in future ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Xi
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
| | - Hualiang Shen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Ziyan Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Yanping Huangfu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Gang Xia
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
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2
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Jin Y, Schladetsch MA, Huang X, Balunas MJ, Wiemer AJ. Stepping forward in antibody-drug conjugate development. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 229:107917. [PMID: 34171334 PMCID: PMC8702582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are cancer therapeutic agents comprised of an antibody, a linker and a small-molecule payload. ADCs use the specificity of the antibody to target the toxic payload to tumor cells. After intravenous administration, ADCs enter circulation, distribute to tumor tissues and bind to the tumor surface antigen. The antigen then undergoes endocytosis to internalize the ADC into tumor cells, where it is transported to lysosomes to release the payload. The released toxic payloads can induce apoptosis through DNA damage or microtubule inhibition and can kill surrounding cancer cells through the bystander effect. The first ADC drug was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000, but the following decade saw no new approved ADC drugs. From 2011 to 2018, four ADC drugs were approved, while in 2019 and 2020 five more ADCs entered the market. This demonstrates an increasing trend for the clinical development of ADCs. This review summarizes the recent clinical research, with a specific focus on how the in vivo processing of ADCs influences their design. We aim to provide comprehensive information about current ADCs to facilitate future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jin
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Megan A Schladetsch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xueting Huang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Marcy J Balunas
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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3
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Hadiyal SD, Lalpara JN, Parmar ND, Joshi HS. Microwave Irradiated Targeted Synthesis of Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Embrace 1,2,3-Triazole by Click Chemistry Synthetic Aspect and Evaluation of Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1913425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay D. Hadiyal
- Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaydeep N. Lalpara
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Nilesh D. Parmar
- Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitendra S. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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4
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Morsy NM, Hassan AS, Hafez TS, Mahran MRH, Sadawe IA, Gbaj AM. Synthesis, antitumor activity, enzyme assay, DNA binding and molecular docking of Bis-Schiff bases of pyrazoles. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Design, synthesis and antitumour evaluation of pyrrolo[1,2-f]-phenanthridine and dibenzo[f,h]pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112516. [PMID: 32622270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridine derivatives and their alkyl (ethyl and isopropyl) carbamates and 12,13-bis(hydroxymethyl)-9,14-dihydro-dibenzo[f,h]pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline derivatives were synthesized for antiproliferative evaluation. The preliminary antitumour studies revealed that these two types of bis(hydroxymethyl) derivatives showed significant antitumour activities and were able to inhibit the growth of various human tumour cell lines in vitro. Several of the derivatives were demonstrated to cause DNA interstrand cross-links by an alkaline agarose gel shifting assay. These conjugates were cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines by inducing DNA damage, delaying cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase and triggering apoptosis. Compound 21a, dissolved in a vehicle suitable for intravenous administration, was selected for antitumour studies in animal models. We demonstrated that at a dose that did not cause body weight loss in mice, compound 21a could significantly suppress the growth of tumour xenografts of human lung cancer H460 and colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells in nude mice. Our present results confirm the antitumour activities of these conjugates.
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Vlahov IR, Qi L, Santhapuram HKR, Felten A, Parham GL, Zou N, Wang K, You F, Vaughn JF, Hahn SJ, Klein HF, Kleindl PJ, Reddy J, Reno D, Nicoson J, Leamon CP. Design and synthesis of a folate-receptor targeted diazepine-ring-opened pyrrolobenzodiazepine prodrug conjugate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Alanazi AM, Khan AA, Rehman MT, Jabeen M, Algrain N, Baig MH. Biophysical interactions, docking studies and cytotoxic potential of a novel propofol-linolenate: a multi-technique approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2389-2401. [PMID: 31226916 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1634643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have analyzed the biophysical interactions of alpha-linolenic acid conjugate (2,6P-ALA) with human serum albumin (HSA) and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA); and also determined its effect on human cancer cell lines. The results of interactions between 2,6P-ALA and HSA intrinsic fluorescence indicated static quenching of HSA by the target conjugate with overall Stern-Volmer quenching constant (Ksv) value of 1.8 × 103 M-1. At high concentrations, 2,6P-ALA caused conformational variations in HSA with evident increase in α-helices. Docking studies also revealed preferential binding of 2,6P-ALA at the hydrophobic cavity of site IB with suggestive involvement of hydrophobic forces. Likewise, the conjugate was also able to quench the fluorescence intensity of CT-DNA with static type of quenching signifying the probability of interaction between them. In case of competitive interaction with ethidium bromide (EB) bound CT-DNA also; the conjugate replaced the EB depicting intercalation to be the main type of binding force. Results of cytotoxic effect of 2,6P-ALA showed significant inhibition of cancer cells growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Conjugate was most potent on MCF-7 cells. Fluorescence microscopic image of MCF-7 cells at IC50 concentration of 24 µM revealed distinct morphological changes that were characteristic of programed cell death. Overall, these results complement with the previous findings of 2,6P-ALA and provide added statistics about the prospect of their transport in blood plasma.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mumtaz Jabeen
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Nasir Algrain
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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8
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Gopu S, Ravi Kumar V, Laxma Reddy K, Venkat Reddy P, Sirasani S. DNA binding, photocleavage, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes containing BOPIP ligand, (BOPIP = {2-(4-(benzyloxy) phenyl)-1H-imidazo [4,5-f] [1,2]phenanthroline}). NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 38:349-373. [PMID: 30890029 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1549329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel ligand BOPIP (BOPIP = {2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline}) and its mononuclear Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(phen)2 BOPIP]2+(1) (phen = 1,10-Phenanthrolene), [Ru(bpy)2 BOPIP]2+(2) (bpy = 2,2' bipyridyl), [Ru(dmb)2 BOPIP]2+(3) (dmb = 4, 4' -dimethyl 2, 2' -bipyridine), [Ru(Hdpa)2 BOPIP]2+(4) (Hdpa = 2,2'dipyridylamine) have been synthesized successfully and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, IR, 1H, 13 C-NMR, and ESI-MS Spectroscopy. The interaction of these complexes with CT-DNA was studied using absorption, emission techniques, viscosity measurements and molecular docking studies. The docking study also supports the binding ability of complexes obtained through the absorption and emission techniques. These studies reveal that the Four Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes bind to DNA predominantly by intercalation. The Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of these complexes are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Gopu
- a Department of Chemistry , University College of Science, Osmania University , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India.,b Department of Chemistry , Government Degree College Manthani , Peddapalli District , Telangana State , India
| | - Vuradi Ravi Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry , University College of Science, Osmania University , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India
| | - Kotha Laxma Reddy
- a Department of Chemistry , University College of Science, Osmania University , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India
| | - Putta Venkat Reddy
- a Department of Chemistry , University College of Science, Osmania University , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India
| | - Satyanarayana Sirasani
- a Department of Chemistry , University College of Science, Osmania University , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India
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9
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Lin M, Chen B. Advances in the drug therapies of acute myeloid leukemia (except acute wpromyelocytic leukemia). Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:1009-1017. [PMID: 29750014 PMCID: PMC5933364 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s161199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy, characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and/or other tissues. The new drugs used for treating AML are facing a big challenge, and the candidates include cytotoxic drugs, targeted small-molecule inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. In recent years, active research has focused on several new agents for including them in the large antileukemic drug family. This review aims to introduce some of these new drugs and highlights new advances made in the old drugs, mainly in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Vlahov IR, Qi L, Kleindl PJ, Santhapuram HK, Felten A, Parham GL, Wang K, You F, Vaughn JF, Hahn SJ, Klein HF, Vetzel M, Reddy JA, Nelson M, Nicoson J, Leamon CP. Latent Warheads for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Design and Synthesis of pro-Pyrrolobenzodiazepines and Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2921-2931. [PMID: 29211454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iontcho R. Vlahov
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Longwu Qi
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Paul J. Kleindl
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Hari K. Santhapuram
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Albert Felten
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Garth L. Parham
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Kevin Wang
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Fei You
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Jeremy F. Vaughn
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Spencer J. Hahn
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Hanna F. Klein
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Marilynn Vetzel
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Joseph A. Reddy
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Melissa Nelson
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Jeff Nicoson
- Endocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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11
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Lee MTW, Maruani A, Richards DA, Baker JR, Caddick S, Chudasama V. Enabling the controlled assembly of antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules without antibody engineering. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2056-2060. [PMID: 28451324 PMCID: PMC5399535 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03655d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules is desirable for a host of reasons. Whilst certain antibody engineering approaches have been useful in the preparation of such constructs, a reliable method based on a native antibody scaffold without the use of enzymes or harsh oxidative conditions has hitherto not been achieved. The use of native antibodies has several advantages in terms of cost, practicality, accessibility, time and overall efficiency. Herein we present a novel, reliable method of furnishing antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules starting from a native antibody scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian T W Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Antoine Maruani
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
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12
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Mantaj J, Jackson PJM, Rahman KM, Thurston DE. From Anthramycin to Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-Containing Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:462-488. [PMID: 27862776 PMCID: PMC5215561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) are a family of sequence-selective DNA minor-groove binding agents that form a covalent aminal bond between their C11-position and the C2-NH2 groups of guanine bases. The first example of a PBD monomer, the natural product anthramycin, was discovered in the 1960s, and the best known PBD dimer, SJG-136 (also known as SG2000, NSC 694501 or BN2629), was synthesized in the 1990s and has recently completed Phase II clinical trials in patients with leukaemia and ovarian cancer. More recently, PBD dimer analogues are being attached to tumor-targeting antibodies to create antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a number of which are now in clinical trials, with many others in pre-clinical development. This Review maps the development from anthramycin to the first PBD dimers, and then to PBD-containing ADCs, and explores both structure-activity relationships (SARs) and the biology of PBDs, and the strategies for their use as payloads for ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mantaj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, and Femtogenix Ltd, Britannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Paul J. M. Jackson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, and Femtogenix Ltd, Britannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Khondaker M. Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, and Femtogenix Ltd, Britannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - David E. Thurston
- Professor of Drug Discovery, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineInstitute of Pharmaceutical ScienceBritannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
- Femtogenix LtdBritannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
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13
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Mantaj J, Jackson PJM, Rahman KM, Thurston DE. Entwicklung Pyrrolobenzodiazepin(PBD)-haltiger Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate (ADCs) ausgehend von Anthramycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mantaj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; King's College London
- Femtogenix Ltd; London Großbritannien
| | - Paul J. M. Jackson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; King's College London
- Femtogenix Ltd; London Großbritannien
| | - Khondaker M. Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; King's College London
- Femtogenix Ltd; London Großbritannien
| | - David E. Thurston
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine; King's College London; Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB Großbritannien
- Femtogenix Ltd; Britannia House; London 7 Trinity Street SE1 1DB Großbritannien
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14
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Synthesis and DNA-binding properties of novel DNA cyclo-intercalators containing purine–glucuronic acid hybrids. Carbohydr Res 2016; 429:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Barros SA, Yoon I, Suh SE, Chenoweth DM. Bridgehead-Substituted Triptycenes for Discovery of Nucleic Acid Junction Binders. Org Lett 2016; 18:2423-6. [PMID: 27172288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the utility of triptycene as a scaffold for targeting nucleic acid three-way junctions was demonstrated. A rapid, efficient route for the synthesis of bridgehead-substituted triptycenes is reported, in addition to solid-phase diversification to a new class of triptycene peptides. The triptycene peptides were evaluated for binding to a d(CAG)·(CTG) repeat DNA junction exhibiting potent affinities. The bridgehead-substituted triptycenes provide new building blocks for rapid access to diverse triptycene ligands with novel architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Barros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ina Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David M Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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16
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Brucoli F, Guzman JD, Basher MA, Evangelopoulos D, McMahon E, Munshi T, McHugh TD, Fox KR, Bhakta S. DNA sequence-selective C8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine–heterocyclic polyamide conjugates show anti-tubercular-specific activities. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:843-849. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Varvounis G. An Update on the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines. Molecules 2016; 21:154. [PMID: 26828475 PMCID: PMC6273195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines are tricyclic compounds that are considered “privileged structures” since they possess a wide range of biological activities. The first encounter with these molecules was the isolation of anthramycin from cultures of Streptomyces, followed by determination of the X-ray crystal structure of the molecule and a study of its interaction with DNA. This opened up an intensive synthetic and biological study of the pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines that has culminated in the development of the dimer SJG-136, at present in Phase II clinical trials. The synthetic efforts have brought to light some new synthetic methodology, while the contemporary work is focused on building trimeric pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines linked together by various heterocyclic and aliphatic chains. It is the broad spectrum of biological activities of pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepines that has maintained the interest of researchers to date whereas several derivatives of the even less studied pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepines were found to be potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The present review is an update on the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines since the last major review of 2011, while the overview of the synthesis of the other two tricyclic isomers is comprehensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Varvounis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
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King C, Diaz HB, McNeely S, Barnard D, Dempsey J, Blosser W, Beckmann R, Barda D, Marshall MS. LY2606368 Causes Replication Catastrophe and Antitumor Effects through CHK1-Dependent Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2004-13. [PMID: 26141948 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CHK1 is a multifunctional protein kinase integral to both the cellular response to DNA damage and control of the number of active replication forks. CHK1 inhibitors are currently under investigation as chemopotentiating agents due to CHK1's role in establishing DNA damage checkpoints in the cell cycle. Here, we describe the characterization of a novel CHK1 inhibitor, LY2606368, which as a single agent causes double-stranded DNA breakage while simultaneously removing the protection of the DNA damage checkpoints. The action of LY2606368 is dependent upon inhibition of CHK1 and the corresponding increase in CDC25A activation of CDK2, which increases the number of replication forks while reducing their stability. Treatment of cells with LY2606368 results in the rapid appearance of TUNEL and pH2AX-positive double-stranded DNA breaks in the S-phase cell population. Loss of the CHK1-dependent DNA damage checkpoints permits cells with damaged DNA to proceed into early mitosis and die. The majority of treated mitotic nuclei consist of extensively fragmented chromosomes. Inhibition of apoptosis by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK had no effect on chromosome fragmentation, indicating that LY2606368 causes replication catastrophe. Changes in the ratio of RPA2 to phosphorylated H2AX following LY2606368 treatment further support replication catastrophe as the mechanism of DNA damage. LY2606368 shows similar activity in xenograft tumor models, which results in significant tumor growth inhibition. LY2606368 is a potent representative of a novel class of drugs for the treatment of cancer that acts through replication catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance King
- Oncology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - H Bruce Diaz
- Oncology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Samuel McNeely
- Oncology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Darlene Barnard
- Oncology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jack Dempsey
- Oncology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wayne Blosser
- Oncology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard Beckmann
- Oncology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David Barda
- Chemistry Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark S Marshall
- Oncology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Galindo-Murillo R, Cheatham TE. DNA Binding Dynamics and Energetics of Cobalt, Nickel, and Copper Metallopeptides. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1252-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Zhao J, Li W, Ma R, Chen S, Ren S, Jiang T. Design, synthesis and DNA interaction study of new potential DNA bis-intercalators based on glucuronic acid. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16851-65. [PMID: 23955268 PMCID: PMC3759939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel potential DNA bis-intercalators were designed and synthesized, in which two glucuronic acids were linked by ethylenediamine, and the glucuronic acid was coupled with various chromophores, including quinoline, acridine, indole and purine, at the C-1 position. The preliminary binding properties of these compounds to calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) have been investigated by UV-absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that all the target compounds can interact with CT-DNA, and the acridine derivative, 3b, showed the highest key selection vector (KSV) value, which suggested that compound 3b binds most strongly to CT-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Sumei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-532-8203-2712; Fax: +86-532-8203-3054
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SGN-CD33A: a novel CD33-targeting antibody-drug conjugate using a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer is active in models of drug-resistant AML. Blood 2013; 122:1455-63. [PMID: 23770776 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-03-491506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unsatisfactory, and novel treatments are urgently needed. One strategy explores antibodies and their drug conjugates, particularly those targeting CD33. Emerging data with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) demonstrate target validity and activity in some patients with AML, but efficacy is limited by heterogeneous drug conjugation, linker instability, and a high incidence of multidrug resistance. We describe here the development of SGN-CD33A, a humanized anti-CD33 antibody with engineered cysteines conjugated to a highly potent, synthetic DNA cross-linking pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer via a protease-cleavable linker. The use of engineered cysteine residues at the sites of drug linker attachment results in a drug loading of approximately 2 pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers per antibody. In preclinical testing, SGN-CD33A is more potent than GO against a panel of AML cell lines and primary AML cells in vitro and in xenotransplantation studies in mice. Unlike GO, antileukemic activity is observed with SGN-CD33A in AML models with the multidrug-resistant phenotype. Mechanistic studies indicate that the cytotoxic effects of SGN-CD33A involve DNA damage with ensuing cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Together, these data suggest that SGN-CD33A has CD33-directed antitumor activity and support clinical testing of this novel therapeutic in patients with AML.
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Rarig RAF, Tran MN, Chenoweth DM. Synthesis and Conformational Dynamics of the Reported Structure of Xylopyridine A. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9213-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja404737q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert-André F. Rarig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104-6323, United States
| | - Mai N. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104-6323, United States
| | - David M. Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104-6323, United States
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