1
|
Hall SAL, Burns GS, Mooney BJ, Millen R, Morris R, Vogrin S, Sundararajan V, Ratnam D, Levy MT, Lubel JS, Nicoll AJ, Strasser SI, Sievert W, Desmond PV, Ngu MC, Angus P, Sinclair M, Meredith C, Matthews G, Revill PA, Jackson K, Littlejohn M, Bowden S, Locarnini SA, Thompson AJ, Visvanathan K. Hepatitis B Virus Flares After Nucleot(s)ide Analogue Cessation Are Associated With Activation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:123-132. [PMID: 36108079 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the patterns of peripheral Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling activity and the expression of TLRs and natural killer (NK) cell activation in a cohort of patients experiencing severe hepatitis flares after stopping nucleot(s)ide analogues (NAs) therapy. METHODS Samples were collected longitudinally from patients with chronic hepatitis B who were enrolled in a prospective study of NA discontinuation. Patients experiencing hepatitis flares were compared with patients with normal alanine aminotransferase. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with TLR ligands and cytokine secretion in the cell culture supernatant measured. Expression of TLR2/4, NKG2D, NKp46, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) on monocytes, NK, and NK-T cells was measured. RESULTS Seventeen patients with severe reactivation hepatitis flares were compared to 12 nonflare patients. Hepatitis flares were associated with increased activity of TLR2-8 and TLR9 signaling in PBMCs at the time of peak flare compared to baseline. Hepatitis flares were also associated with (1) upregulation of TLR2 and (2) TREM-1 receptor expression on NK. There were no differences at baseline between flare patients and nonflare patients. CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis flares off NA therapy have a significant innate inflammatory response with upregulation of TLR signaling on peripheral monocytes and TLR2 and TREM-1 expression on NK cells. This implicates the innate immune system in the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B flares.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A L Hall
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gareth S Burns
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Mooney
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosemary Millen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Morris
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Dilip Ratnam
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miriam T Levy
- Gastroenterology Department of Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John S Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda J Nicoll
- Gastroenterology Department of Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simone I Strasser
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Sievert
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Desmond
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meng C Ngu
- Gastroenterology Department of Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Angus
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Gail Matthews
- Department of infectious Disease, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, SydneyAustralia
| | - Peter A Revill
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathy Jackson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Bowden
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen A Locarnini
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander J Thompson
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kumar Visvanathan
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A broad-spectrum nanobody targeting the C-terminus of the hepatitis B surface antigen for chronic hepatitis B infection therapy. Antiviral Res 2022; 199:105265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
3
|
Philips CA, Ahamed R, Abduljaleel JK, Rajesh S, Augustine P. Critical Updates on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 2021. Cureus 2021; 13:e19152. [PMID: 34733599 PMCID: PMC8557099 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global healthcare burden in the form of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. There is no definite cure for the virus and even though extensive vaccination programs have reduced the burden of liver disease in the future population, treatment options to eradicate the virus from the host are still lacking. In this review, we discuss in detail current updates on the structure and applied biology of the virus in the host, examine updates to current treatment and explore novel and state-of-the-art therapeutics in the pipeline for management of chronic HBV. Furthermore, we also specifically review clinical updates on HBV-related acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). Current treatments for chronic HBV infection have seen important updates in the form of considerations for treating patients in the immune tolerant phase and some clarity on end points for treatment and decisions on finite therapy with nucleos(t)ide inhibitors. Ongoing cutting-edge research on HBV biology has helped us identify novel target areas in the life cycle of the virus for application of new therapeutics. Due to improvements in the area of genomics, the hope for therapeutic vaccines, vector-based treatments and focused management aimed at targeting host integration of the virus and thereby a total cure could become a reality in the near future. Newer clinical prognostic tools have improved our understanding of timing of specific treatment options for the catastrophic syndrome of ACLF secondary to reactivation of HBV. In this review, we discuss in detail pertinent updates regarding virus biology and novel therapeutic targets with special focus on the appraisal of prognostic scores and treatment options in HBV-related ACLF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac A Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Rizwan Ahamed
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Jinsha K Abduljaleel
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Philip Augustine
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He Y, Zhou Y, Wang H, Yin J, Chang Y, Hu P, Ren H, Xu H. Identifying potential biomarkers in hepatitis B virus infection and its response to the antiviral therapy by integrated bioinformatic analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6558-6572. [PMID: 34041839 PMCID: PMC8278120 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral treatment efficacy varies among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and the underlying mechanism is unclear. An integrated bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate the host factors that affect the therapeutic responsiveness in CHB patients. Four GEO data sets (GSE54747, GSE27555, GSE66698 and GSE66699) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analysed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs). Enrichment analyses of the DEGs were conducted using the DAVID database. Immune cell infiltration characteristics were analysed by CIBERSORT. Upstream miRNAs and lncRNAs of hub DEGs were identified by miRWalk 3.0 and miRNet in combination with the MNDR platform. As a result, seventy‐seven overlapping DEGs and 15 hub genes were identified including CCL5, CXCL9, MYH2, CXCR4, CD74, CCL4, HLA‐DRB1, ACTA1, CD69, CXCL10, HLA‐DRB5, HLA‐DQB1, CXCL13, STAT1 and CKM. The enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in immune response and chemokine signalling pathways. Investigation of immune cell infiltration in liver samples suggested significantly different infiltration between responders and non‐responders, mainly characterized by higher proportions of CD8+ T cells and activated NK cells in non‐responders. The prediction of upstream miRNAs and lncRNAs led to the identification of a potential mRNA‐miRNA‐lncRNA regulatory network composed of 2 lncRNAs (H19 and GAS5) and 5 miRNAs (hsa‐mir‐106b‐5p, hsa‐mir‐17‐5p, hsa‐mir‐20a‐5p, hsa‐mir‐6720‐5p and hsa‐mir‐93‐5p) targeting CCL5 mRNA. In conclusion, our study suggested that host genetic factors could affect therapeutic responsiveness in CHB patients. The antiviral process might be associated with the chemokine‐mediated immune response and immune cell infiltration in the liver microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhou
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyang Yin
- Chongqing People's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunan Chang
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The role of intestinal microbiota, bile acids, and Th17/IL17 axis in hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2902-2904. [PMID: 33186134 PMCID: PMC7752688 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
6
|
Yang J, Guo R, Yan D, Lu H, Zhang H, Ye P, Jin L, Diao H, Li L. Plasma Level of ADAMTS13 or IL-12 as an Indicator of HBeAg Seroconversion in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Undergoing m-ETV Treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:335. [PMID: 32793509 PMCID: PMC7393286 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin motif repeats 13) is a key factor involved in coagulation process and plays a vital role in the progression and prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with antiviral treatment. However, there are few reports about the profile of plasma ADAMTS13 in CHB patients during entecavir maleate (m-ETV) treatment. One hundred two HBV e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB patients on continuous m-ETV naive for at least 96 weeks were recruited. Patients with liver cirrhosis were excluded using liver biopsies and real-time elastography. Plasma ADAMTS13 and interleukin 12 (IL-12) levels were evaluated at baseline and12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 weeks, respectively. The change of ADAMTS13 (ΔADAMTS13) and IL-12 (ΔIL-12) possesses a significant relationship in CHB patients with HBeAg seroconversion (SC) at 48-week m-ETV treatment (p < 0.001), but no significance in patients without SC. Furthermore, Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that the change of ADAMTS13 (IL-12) is an independent predictor for HBeAg SC at week 96, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ΔADAMTS13 (ΔIL-12) in CHB patients with 48-week m- ETV treatment is 0.8204 (0.8354) (p < 0.001, both) to predict HBeAg SC at week 96. The results suggested that higher increased ADAMTS13 and IL-12 after 48-week m-ETV treatment contributed to an enhanced probability of HBeAg SC, although the mechanism is undetermined. Quantification of ADAMTS13 (IL-12) during m-ETV treatment may help to predict long-term HBeAg SC in CHB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiezuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghany MG, Feld JJ, Chang KM, Chan HLY, Lok ASF, Visvanathan K, Janssen HLA. Serum alanine aminotransferase flares in chronic hepatitis B infection: the good and the bad. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:406-417. [PMID: 32057301 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection follows a dynamic and variable course. At different stages in the disease, hepatitis flares might occur, which can be challenging to predict and manage. Flares are believed to be primarily immune-mediated and might mark transitions to inactive disease or clearance of infection, but in certain scenarios they might also lead to hepatic decompensation or death. As such, understanding of the clinical significance of flares in different patient populations and different scenarios is important for optimal management. In this Review, we summarise what is known about flares in different stages of chronic HBV infection; describe flares in the context of the natural history of chronic infection; summarise the immunological mechanisms underlying flares, and describe flares in different clinical scenarios. Each section reviews existing knowledge and highlights key unanswered questions that need to be addressed to improve the understanding of flares, hopefully providing insights into their pathogenesis that can be used to improve current clinical management and ideally to further develop new curative therapeutic approaches for HBV infection. We also propose a working definition of an ALT flare to facilitate future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Ghany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Medical Research, Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna S F Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kumar Visvanathan
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang XK, Liao XW, Yang CK, Liu ZQ, Han QF, Zhou X, Zhang LB, Deng T, Gong YZ, Huang JL, Huang R, Han CY, Yu TD, Su H, Ye XP, Peng T, Zhu GZ. Oncogene PLCE1 may be a diagnostic biomarker and prognostic biomarker by influencing cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7003-7017. [PMID: 32037547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy worldwide. HCC has traits of late diagnosis and high recurrence. This study explored potential diagnosis and prognosis significance of phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) in HCC. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and diagnostic value of PLCE1 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and online databases GEPIA, oncomine, and GSE14520 data set. Survival analysis used the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website. Cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed with downregulated PLCE1 expression in HCC-M and HepG2 cell lines. PLCE1 was differentially expressed and highly expressed in tumors and had low expression in nontumor tissues (all p < .05). The diagnostic value of PLCE1 was validated with the datasets (all p < .01, all areas under curves > 0.7). PLCE1 mRNA expression was associated with the overall and relapse-free survival (both p < .05). Functional experiments indicated that downregulation of PLCE1 expression led to increased G1 stage in cell cycle and decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion compared with a negative control group (all p ≤ .05). The oncogene PLCE1 was differentially expressed in HCC and non-HCC tissues. It is a candidate for diagnosis and serves as prognosis biomarker. PLCE1 influenced survival by affecting the cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng-Qian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quan-Fa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin-Bo Zhang
- Department of Health Management and Division of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Teng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian-Lu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuang-Ye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting-Dong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu L, Xu F, Gao L. Predict New Therapeutic Drugs for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Gene Mutation and Expression. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:8. [PMID: 32047745 PMCID: PMC6997129 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common primary liver tumor and is an important medical problem worldwide. However, the use of current therapies for HCC is no possible to be cured, and despite numerous attempts and clinical trials, there are not so many approved targeted treatments for HCC. So, it is necessary to identify additional treatment strategies to prevent the growth of HCC tumors. We are looking for a systematic drug repositioning bioinformatics method to identify new drug candidates for the treatment of HCC, which considers not only aberrant genomic information, but also the changes of transcriptional landscapes. First, we screen the collection of HCC feature genes, i.e., kernel genes, which frequently mutated in most samples of HCC based on human mutation data. Then, the gene expression data of HCC in TCGA are combined to classify the kernel genes of HCC. Finally, the therapeutic score (TS) of each drug is calculated based on the kolmogorov-smirnov statistical method. Using this strategy, we identify five drugs that associated with HCC, including three drugs that could treat HCC and two drugs that might have side-effect on HCC. In addition, we also make Connectivity Map (CMap) profiles similarity analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis on drug targets. All these findings suggest that our approach is effective for accurate predicting novel therapeutic options for HCC and easily to be extended to other tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengdan Xu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Immunopathogenesis of HBV Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1179:71-107. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9151-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
Distinct phenotype and function of circulating Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ γδT-cells in acute and chronic hepatitis B. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007715. [PMID: 30998783 PMCID: PMC6490945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persists with global and virus-specific T-cell dysfunction, without T-cell based correlates of outcomes. To determine if γδT-cells are altered in HBV infection relative to clinical status, we examined the frequency, phenotype and function of peripheral blood Vδ1+ and Vδ2+γδT-cells by multi-parameter cytometry in a clinically diverse North American cohort of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), acute hepatitis B (AHB) and uninfected control subjects. We show that circulating γδT-cells were comprised predominantly of CD3hiCD4- Vδ2+γδT-cells with frequencies that were 2–3 fold higher among Asian than non-Asian Americans and inversely correlated with age, but without differences between CHB, AHB and control subjects. However, compared to control subjects, CHB was associated with increased TbethiEomesdim phenotype in Vδ2+γδT-cells whereas AHB was associated with increased TbethiEomesdim phenotype in Vδ1+γδT-cells, with significant correlations between Tbet/Eomes expression in γδT-cells with their expression of NK and T-cell activation and regulatory markers. As for effector functions, IFNγ/TNF responses to phosphoantigens or PMA/Ionomycin in Vδ2+γδT-cells were weaker in AHB but preserved in CHB, without significant differences for Vδ1+γδT-cells. Furthermore, early IFNγ/TNF responses in Vδ2+ γδT-cells to brief PMA/Ionomycin stimulation correlated inversely with serum ALT but not HBV DNA. Accordingly, IFNγ/TNF responses in Vδ2+γδT-cells were weaker in patients with CHB with hepatitis flare compared to those without hepatitis flares, and this functional deficit persisted beyond clinical resolution of CHB flare. We conclude that circulating γδT-cells show distinct activation and differentiatiation in acute and chronic HBV infection as part of lymphoid stress surveillance with potential role in clinical outcomes. We examined circulating γδT-cells in a North American cohort with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and acute hepatitis B (AHB) compared to uninfected control subjects. While frequencies and composition of circulating γδT-cells were preserved in AHB and CHB, γδT-cells showed distinct and innate phenotypes based on the expression of Tbet/Eomes in association with various NK/T-cell markers. Notably, IFNγ/TNF responses to phosphoantigens and PMA/Ionomycin were preserved in CHB, but weaker in AHB compared to uninfected control subjects, in association with NKG2A/CD94 but not PD1. Furthermore, early IFNγ/TNF responses in Vδ2+ γδT-cells to brief PMA/Ionomycin stimulation showed significant inverse correlations with serum alanine aminotransferase, a measure of hepatocellular injury, and were persistently deficient in CHB subjects with hepatitis flare compared to those without such flares. Finally, Vδ2+ γδT-cells were significantly enriched for TbethiEomesdim phenotype in associations with their expression of NK and T-cell activation and regulatory markers, suggesting a role for Tbet in γδT-cell differentiation and function. We conclude that circulating γδT-cells show distinct activation and differentiation in acute and chronic HBV infection as part of lymphoid stress surveillance with potential role in clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen XH, Xu P, Yu X, Song HF, Chen H, Zhang XG, Wu MY, Wang XF. Discrepant Clinical Significance of CD28 +CD8 - and CD4 +CD25 high Regulatory T Cells During the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:548-558. [PMID: 30117787 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that CD8+CD28- regulatory T cells increase in chronic viral infection as well as tumorigenesis. However, it is still not clear about their characteristics in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In addition, it is not understood whether this regulatory immune subset is distinct from CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in the aspect of impact on or relationship to the progression of HBV infection. Hence, we investigated their dynamics and compared their correlations with clinical parameters in the chronic and advanced phases of HBV infection. The data showed that compared with healthy controls, the frequencies of CD28+CD8- and CD4+CD25high T cells increased in both chronic and advanced phases, while there is no significant difference between the two case groups. Interestingly, we found that in chronic phase, the frequency of CD8+CD28- subset was negatively correlated with the levels of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), respectively, and did not present association with HBV DNA load, whereas that of CD4+CD25high T cells was positively correlated with HBV DNA load and the levels of ALT and AST, respectively. Amazingly, in advanced phase, the frequency of CD4+CD25high T cells was negatively correlated with HBV DNA load and the levels of ALT, respectively, while there is no significant correlation between the frequency of CD8+CD28- subset and those clinical parameters. Thereby, our findings demonstrated that CD28+CD8- and CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells might exert distinct effect on modulating antiviral immune responses and mitigate immunomediated liver damage in different phases of HBV infection, which represent potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for HBV-infected patients based on further exploration of detailed mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Shen
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- 2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Yu
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,3 Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital , Suzhou, China
| | - Hua-Feng Song
- 2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- 2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Guang Zhang
- 4 Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,5 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,6 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Mei-Ying Wu
- 2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,5 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,6 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jovel J, Lin Z, O'keefe S, Willows S, Wang W, Zhang G, Patterson J, Moctezuma-Velázquez C, Kelvin DJ, Ka-Shu Wong G, Mason AL. A Survey of Molecular Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:941-955. [PMID: 30094405 PMCID: PMC6078210 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the heterogeneity of dysregulated pathways associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may provide prognostic and therapeutic avenues for disease management. As HCC involves a complex process of genetic and epigenetic modifications, we evaluated expression of both polyadenylated transcripts and microRNAs from HCC and liver samples derived from two cohorts of patients undergoing either partial hepatic resection or liver transplantation. Copy number variants were inferred from whole genome low‐pass sequencing data, and a set of 56 cancer‐related genes were screened using an oncology panel assay. HCC was associated with marked transcriptional deregulation of hundreds of protein‐coding genes. In the partially resected livers, diminished transcriptional activity was observed in genes associated with drug catabolism and increased expression in genes related to inflammatory responses and cell proliferation. Moreover, several long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs not previously linked with HCC were found to be deregulated. In liver transplant recipients, down‐regulation of genes involved in energy production and up‐regulation of genes associated with glycolysis were detected. Numerous copy number variants events were observed, with hotspots on chromosomes 1 and 17. Amplifications were more common than deletions and spanned regions containing genes potentially involved in tumorigenesis. Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 (NPM1), platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha polypeptide (PDGFRA), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), G‐protein‐coupled receptors‐like receptor Smoothened (SMO), and tumor protein P53 (TP53) were mutated in all tumors; another 26 cancer‐related genes were mutated with variable penetrance. Conclusion: Our results underscore the marked molecular heterogeneity between HCC tumors and reinforce the notion that precision medicine approaches are needed for management of individual HCC. These data will serve as a resource to generate hypotheses for further research to improve our understanding of HCC biology. (Hepatology Communications 2018; 00:000‐000)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jovel
- Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Sandra O'keefe
- Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Steven Willows
- Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | | | | | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics University Health Network Toronto Canada
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Canada.,BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen China
| | - Andrew L Mason
- Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chuai X, Xie B, Chen H, Tan X, Wang W, Huang B, Deng Y, Li W, Tan W. The immune response of rhesus macaques to novel vaccines comprising hepatitis B virus S, PreS1, and Core antigens. Vaccine 2018; 36:3740-3746. [PMID: 29778513 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines represent a unique approach to hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment and have the potential to induce long-term control of infection. This study explored the immune responses of rhesus macaques to novel vaccines comprising the S, PreS1, and Core antigens of the HBV that showed promise as prophylactic and therapeutic approaches in a mouse model. The tested vaccines included two DNA vaccines (pVRC-SS1, pVRC-CS1), an HBV particle subunit (HBSS1) vaccine and the recombinant vaccinia virus- (RVJ-) based vaccines (RVJSS1 and RVJCS1) in which SS1 containing S (1-223 aa) and PreS1 (21-47 aa), CS1 containing Core (1-144 aa) and PreS1 (1-42 aa). The humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) induced by vaccines comprising the S, PreS1, and Core antigens of HBV were investigated in a longitudinal study that continued up to 98 weeks after the firstvaccination. In rhesus macaques, anti-PreS1 antibody was induced more rapidly than anti-S or anti-Core antibody after DNA vaccination. The antibody and cell-mediated immune responses against S, PreS1, and C were significantly enhanced in macaques boosted with RVJSS1 and RVJCS1, whereas the cell-mediated response to C was most robust and durable. The immune response to S, PreS1, and C was restored by HBSS1 boosting and detected in macaques until weeks 74 and 98 after the first vaccination. Additionally, robust neutralizing activity was detected at week 52. In conclusion, novel HBV vaccine candidates, especially those used for therapeutic applications should incorporate the PreS1 and Core antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chuai
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangxiang Xie
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You'an Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Huang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Deng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effect of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Induced by Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus on Different Hepatitis B Virus Genes. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.42685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|